都玉娜 陳民467000河南省平頂山市第二人民醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科
糖尿病患者胰島素注射規(guī)范現(xiàn)況調(diào)查
都玉娜 陳民
467000河南省平頂山市第二人民醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科
目的:對(duì)糖尿病患者胰島素注射技術(shù)掌握情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,了解胰島素注射技術(shù)規(guī)范的現(xiàn)況。方法:使用自行設(shè)計(jì)的胰島素注射規(guī)范現(xiàn)況調(diào)查表,對(duì)2014年4-7月自我注射胰島素的糖尿病住院患者進(jìn)行面對(duì)面調(diào)查,統(tǒng)計(jì)關(guān)于胰島素注射前是否洗手、注射前是否核對(duì)劑型和劑量、能否正確安裝筆芯、使用預(yù)混胰島素前是否充分混勻、針頭是否重復(fù)使用、注射前是否對(duì)部位進(jìn)行檢查和消毒等注射技術(shù)方面的知曉率,并分析原因。結(jié)果:參與調(diào)查對(duì)象102例,完全胰島素規(guī)范操作6例(5.9%),不完全規(guī)范操作96例(94.1%)。96例不完全規(guī)范操作患者中,對(duì)注射胰島素前洗手操作規(guī)范的知曉率43.8%,對(duì)每次注射胰島素前更換針頭操作規(guī)范的知曉率35.4%;對(duì)正確安裝筆芯、注射前核對(duì)劑型和劑量、使用預(yù)混胰島素前需要充分混勻、注射前檢查注射部位及消毒、進(jìn)針時(shí)需要捏皮、注射完畢后需停留10s、注射完畢后蓋上外針帽等操作規(guī)范的知曉率分別是85.4%、83.3%、72.9%、85.4%、70.8%、85.4%、56.3%。結(jié)論:胰島素注射技術(shù)的不規(guī)范操作現(xiàn)象普遍存在,應(yīng)該開展合理有效的宣教,提高糖尿病患者對(duì)胰島素注射規(guī)范的認(rèn)知水平,使患者掌握規(guī)范的胰島素注射技術(shù),提高胰島素的降糖效果。
糖尿??;胰島素注射規(guī)范;現(xiàn)況調(diào)查
胰島素治療是糖尿病患者最常用的降糖手段。在胰島素治療中,規(guī)范的胰島素注射技術(shù)起到重要作用。對(duì)胰島素筆的注射技術(shù)及相關(guān)知識(shí)的掌握,關(guān)系到糖尿病患者降糖方案的治療效果[1]。第2次全球糖尿病患者注射技術(shù)近況調(diào)查研究結(jié)果顯示,中國糖尿病患者的胰島素注射現(xiàn)況不容樂觀,不規(guī)范注射現(xiàn)象普遍存在,使用胰島素注射的糖尿病患者達(dá)標(biāo)率僅37%。平頂山地區(qū)主要以低收入的農(nóng)村人口為主,經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá),人群對(duì)胰島素注射技術(shù)的認(rèn)知水平有限,不規(guī)范操作現(xiàn)象普遍存在,本研究對(duì)采用胰島素治療的糖尿病患者就胰島素注射操作規(guī)范的認(rèn)知進(jìn)行調(diào)查,收集資料并分析規(guī)范操作的知曉率,為平頂山地區(qū)的胰島素注射規(guī)范宣教提供數(shù)據(jù)資料。
2014年4-7月收治自行注射胰島素的糖尿病患者102例,男48例,女54例;年齡18~82歲;胰島素注射時(shí)間4天~30年。
方法:依據(jù)胰島素規(guī)范注射的糖尿病教育手冊(cè)設(shè)計(jì)胰島素注射技術(shù)調(diào)查表。由經(jīng)培訓(xùn)的調(diào)查員對(duì)調(diào)查對(duì)象逐項(xiàng)問答式填寫,以保證調(diào)查者對(duì)本次調(diào)查內(nèi)容理解與作答,確保收集資料的準(zhǔn)確性,內(nèi)容包括:①一般臨床資料:性別、年齡、胰島素使用時(shí)間等;②胰島素注射技術(shù)現(xiàn)況調(diào)查:注射前的手消毒、正確安裝筆芯、注射前核對(duì)劑型和注射量、注射預(yù)混胰島素前充分混勻、注射前更換針頭、注射部位的檢查和消毒、進(jìn)針時(shí)捏皮、注射完畢后滯留10s、注射完畢后蓋上外針帽等方面[2]。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料比例用%表示。
人群中對(duì)胰島素操作九項(xiàng)規(guī)范完全知曉6例(5.9%)。96例不完全規(guī)范對(duì)胰島素注射前洗手操作規(guī)范的知曉率43.8%,對(duì)每次注射胰島素前更換針頭操作規(guī)范的知曉率35.4%;對(duì)正確安裝筆芯、注射前核對(duì)劑型和劑量、使用預(yù)混胰島素前需要充分混勻、注射前檢查注射部位及消毒、進(jìn)針時(shí)需要捏皮、注射完畢后需停留10s、注射完畢后蓋上外針帽等操作規(guī)范的知曉率分別是85.4%、83.3%、72.9%、85.4%、70.8%、85.4%、56.3%。見表1。
糖尿病是一種常見的內(nèi)分泌代謝障礙性疾病,其發(fā)病率越來越高,胰島素作為控制糖尿病的重要手段,已被越來越多的糖尿病患者所接受,應(yīng)用胰島素的患者也逐漸增多。
現(xiàn)況調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,僅5.9%的患者可以完全做到規(guī)范操作。大多數(shù)患者存在不規(guī)范注射現(xiàn)象,主要體現(xiàn)在胰島素注射前的洗手、注射前更換針頭等兩方面。注射胰島素前洗手可以減少接觸傳播帶來的交叉感染。本研究中大多數(shù)患者表示在注射胰島素前忘記洗手,僅40.0%的患者才有洗手習(xí)慣,主要原因可能是患者對(duì)胰島素注射規(guī)范的認(rèn)知不夠,缺乏洗手意識(shí),沒有意識(shí)到洗手的重要性。因此應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對(duì)糖尿病患者注射胰島素前洗手的宣教。
Inventory survey of insulin injection specification in patientsw ith diabetes
Du Yuna,Chen Min
Department of Endocrinology,the Second People's Hospital of Pingdingshan City,Henan Province467000
Objective:To investigate the situation of patientswith diabetesmastering insulin injection technology and understand the currentsituation of insulin injection technicalspecification.Methods:The patientswith diabetes insulin injections from April to July in 2014 got face-to-face survey through self-designed status questionnaire of insulin injections specification and got statistics in aspects of awareness including about washing hands or not before insulin injections,checking dosage form and dosage or notbefore injection,installing cartridge correctly or not,fully blending premixed insulin or not before use,inspecting the needle or not before reuse,checking and disinfecting the injection site or not before injection,analyzing the reasons.Results:There were 102 cases in the survey.6 cases operated completely according to insulin specification(5.9%);96 cases operated incompletely according to insulin specification(94.1%).Among 96 cases of patients with incomplete specification operation,the witting rate of washing hands before insulin specificationwas 43.8%;thewitting rate of inspecting the needle before reusewas 35.4%;thewitting rates of installing cartridge correctly,checking the dosage form and dosage,fully blending premixed insulin before use,checking and disinfecting the injection site before injection,needing to knead skin when the needleswere inserted,the needles needing to stay for 10 seconds after the injection,the needle caps needing on cover after injection were 85.4%,83.3%,72.9%,83.3%,70.8%,85.4%,56.3%respectively.Conclusion:The non-standard insulin injection phenomenon exists generally and the reasonable and effective propaganda and education should be carried out to improve the standard insulin injections cognitive level of patients with diabetes,which can help the patientsmaster the specification technology of insulin injection and improve the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.
Diabetes;Insulin injections specification;Inventory survey
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.1.2