劉素英 徐軍 曹翔 王琳 董曦
(復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院生殖科,上?!?00032)
抗苗勒管激素對(duì)多囊卵巢綜合征卵巢反應(yīng)的預(yù)測(cè)作用
劉素英△徐軍△曹翔王琳董曦
(復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院生殖科,上海200032)
摘要目的:探討抗苗勒管激素(AMH)對(duì)多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)超排卵的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。方法: 選擇2011年1月—2014年12月在復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院接受體外受精聯(lián)合胚胎移植技術(shù)(IVF)助孕的PCOS患者80例,另選擇同期因輸卵管因素接受IVF的患者30例作為對(duì)照組。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測(cè)血清AMH水平,微粒子化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫法測(cè)定卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黃體生成素(LH)及雌二醇(E2)水平。結(jié)果: 與對(duì)照組相比,PCOS組患者血清AMH[(30.35±9.22) pmol/L比(14.92±4.20) pmol/L]和LH[(10.36±3.16) IU/L 比(5.73±2.36) IU/L]均顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。正常獲卵組AMH水平高于低獲卵組(P<0.05),高獲卵組高于正常獲卵組(P<0.01);PCOS患者血清AMH水平與獲卵數(shù)正相關(guān)。結(jié)論: PCOS血清AMH水平對(duì)卵巢超排卵反應(yīng)有較好的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞抗苗勒管激素;多囊卵巢綜合征;體外受精
中圖分類號(hào)R 71
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A
Anti-Müllerian Hormone as Predictor of Ovarian Response in Women with Polycystic Ovary SyndromeLIUSuying△XUJun△CAOXiangWANGLinDONGXi
DepartmentofFertility,ZhongshanHospital,FudanUniversity,Shanghai200032,China
AbstractObjective: To explore the predictive value of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) ininvitrofertilization (IVF) procedure of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: A total of 80 patients with PCOS who received IVF treatment were selected during January 2011 to December 2014 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was applied to detect the serum levels of AMH, and microparticle chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to detect the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2). Results: Serum AMH([30.35±9.22] pmol/L vs. [14.92±4.20] pmol/L)and LH([10.36±3.16] IU/L vs. [5.73±2.36] IU/L) in patients of PCOS groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Compared with the low oocytes group, the AMH in the normal response group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the normal response group, the AMH in the high response group was significantly increased (P<0.01). There was a positive relationship between serum AMH and occytes obtained.Conclusions: Serum AMH level has a predictive value in the ovarian response in patients with PCOS.
Key WordsAnti-Müllerian hormone;Polycystic ovary syndrome;Invitrofertilization
抗苗勒管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)屬于轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子家族成員[1-2],主要由小竇卵泡、竇前卵泡及次級(jí)卵泡的顆粒細(xì)胞合成、分泌。研究[3-4]發(fā)現(xiàn),AMH在直徑小于4 mm的小竇卵泡的顆粒細(xì)胞中表達(dá)最強(qiáng),提示AMH能夠反映卵巢的儲(chǔ)備功能,在卵泡的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育中發(fā)揮重要作用。AMH已經(jīng)被列為檢測(cè)卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的指標(biāo)。
多囊卵巢綜合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是育齡女性常見的內(nèi)分泌疾病之一,發(fā)病率約占生育年齡女性的8%[5],是女性不孕的主要原因之一。體外受精(invitrofertilization,IVF)是解決PCOS患者生育問題的方法之一。在PCOS的促排卵過程中也會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同的卵巢反應(yīng),如卵巢反應(yīng)不敏感或過度反應(yīng)。目前,對(duì)AMH與PCOS卵巢反應(yīng)的關(guān)系報(bào)道很少。本研究通過測(cè)定PCOS患者血清AMH的濃度,分析AMH與獲卵數(shù)及卵子成熟率的關(guān)系,旨在探討AMH在PCOS卵巢反應(yīng)中的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,以期為PCOS患者個(gè)體化超排卵方案的制定提供理論依據(jù)。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選擇2011年1月—2014年12月到我院就診的接受IVF助孕的PCOS患者80例。PCOS診斷按照Rotterdam標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6],至少符合以下3項(xiàng)中的2項(xiàng):(1)稀發(fā)排卵或無排卵;(2)有高雄激素血癥;(3)超聲顯示卵巢多囊性改變。符合上述3項(xiàng)中2項(xiàng),并排除其他導(dǎo)致高雄激素血癥的疾病,如先天性腎上腺皮質(zhì)增生、高泌乳素血癥、柯興綜合征、分泌雄激素的腫瘤。將80例PCOS患者分為低獲卵組、正常獲卵組和高獲卵組。低獲卵組獲卵數(shù)≤5個(gè),正常獲卵組獲卵數(shù)5~15個(gè),高獲卵組獲卵數(shù)≥15個(gè)。另選擇同期因輸卵管因素在本院接受IVF,月經(jīng)規(guī)律、排卵正常、性激素水平正常,排除內(nèi)膜異位癥的30例患者作為對(duì)照組。本研究患者均簽署知情同意書,并經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)。
1.2方法
1.2.1促排卵所有患者均采用拮抗劑方案。月經(jīng)來潮的第3天,陰道超聲,如卵泡直徑均<1 cm、內(nèi)膜厚度<0.5 cm、血清雌二醇(E2)<50 pg/mL,給予基因重組促卵泡素(rFSH,瑞士雪蘭諾公司)肌內(nèi)注射,每天150 U,4~5 d后當(dāng)優(yōu)勢(shì)卵泡直徑達(dá)13~14 mm時(shí),加用拮抗劑(注射用醋酸西曲瑞克,瑞士雪蘭諾公司)0.25 mg/d,至應(yīng)用人絨毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)時(shí)停用。當(dāng)1個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)卵泡直徑≥18 mm或2個(gè)卵泡直徑≥17 mm時(shí),肌內(nèi)注射HCG 5 000~10 000 U,35~36 h后取卵。
1.2.2標(biāo)本收集及測(cè)定方法PCOS組和對(duì)照組女性月經(jīng)周期的第3天空腹抽取靜脈血 5 mL,離心分離血清。采用ELISA法測(cè)定血清AMH水平,用微粒子化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫法通過抗原免疫反應(yīng)測(cè)定卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黃體生成素(LH)及E2水平。酶標(biāo)儀為美國(guó)Bio-Rad公司的Microplate Reader-mode 1550,微粒子化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫系統(tǒng)由美國(guó)貝克曼庫(kù)爾特公司提供。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理采用SPSS 16.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,組間均數(shù)差異比較采用t檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)分析采用Pearson檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1PCOS組和對(duì)照組患者的臨床基本特征PCOS組AMH、LH水平高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、不孕年限差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
注:與對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
2.2不同獲卵組AMH的比較正常獲卵組的AMH含量顯著高于低獲卵組(P<0.05),高獲卵組AMH含量顯著高于正常獲卵組(P<0.01),見表2。PCOS患者的血清AMH水平與獲卵數(shù)正相關(guān),見表3。
注:與低獲卵組比較,*P<0.05;與正常獲卵組比較,**P<0.01
3討論
卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能的評(píng)估對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)卵巢反應(yīng)有重要作用?;A(chǔ)FSH、LH、E2及竇卵泡數(shù)是預(yù)測(cè)卵巢功能的常用指標(biāo)。研究[7-8]發(fā)現(xiàn),AMH水平與IVF引起的卵巢反應(yīng)具有相關(guān)性, AMH是卵巢顆粒細(xì)胞分泌的重要細(xì)胞因子,在始基卵泡的募集、卵泡的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、卵母細(xì)胞的成熟方面發(fā)揮重要作用。與基礎(chǔ)FSH、E2不同的是,AMH不受月經(jīng)周期的影響,在月經(jīng)周期正常女性的整個(gè)月經(jīng)周期內(nèi)血清AMH水平無明顯波動(dòng),表達(dá)較穩(wěn)定[3]。AMH可以反映卵巢竇卵泡的數(shù)量,從而可作為預(yù)測(cè)卵巢儲(chǔ)備及超排卵卵巢反應(yīng)的指標(biāo)[9-10]。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)[11],AMH缺失的雌性小鼠始基卵泡庫(kù)在早期即耗竭。人類從青春早期至整個(gè)性成熟期的血清中均可檢測(cè)到AMH。AMH及AMH受體基因多態(tài)性研究[12]顯示,AMH下降能夠加速卵泡的衰竭,甚至導(dǎo)致女性絕經(jīng)。
PCOS血清和卵泡液AMH水平的異常升高引起了人們關(guān)注。PCOS患者卵巢中存在大量小竇卵泡,Webber等[13]對(duì)PCOS 患者的卵巢皮質(zhì)活檢發(fā)現(xiàn),PCOS患者的小竇卵泡數(shù)是正常女性的6倍。PCOS患者血清AMH水平因竇卵泡增多而顯著升高,而且與PCOS的嚴(yán)重程度正相關(guān)[14]。PCOS患者過多的竇卵泡使AMH的分泌量增加,導(dǎo)致AMH積累。研究[15]還發(fā)現(xiàn),相比正常卵巢,PCOS竇卵泡分泌更多的AMH。
卵泡早期適量的LH可增加卵泡募集的數(shù)量和顆粒細(xì)胞的活性,從而促進(jìn)卵泡發(fā)育;而過高的LH則會(huì)促進(jìn)卵泡膜細(xì)胞和間質(zhì)細(xì)胞合成過多的雄激素,導(dǎo)致卵細(xì)胞募集亢進(jìn)[16]。體外研究[17]發(fā)現(xiàn),PCOS患者顆粒細(xì)胞中加入LH后,AMH顯著增加,且PCOS患者月經(jīng)早期基礎(chǔ)血清AMH濃度與LH正相關(guān),提示LH可能是AMH水平的影響因素。其他研究[18-19]也得出了相似的結(jié)論。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PCOS患者血清中的LH與AMH水平均高于對(duì)照組。
在超促排卵過程中,獲卵數(shù)和卵子成熟率是卵巢反應(yīng)的重要評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),因此我們研究了AMH水平與獲卵數(shù)、卵子成熟率的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果顯示,AMH與獲卵數(shù)正相關(guān),提示AMH能作為PCOS患者卵巢反應(yīng)的預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo);但AMH與卵子成熟率無明顯相關(guān)。高獲卵意味著卵巢過度反應(yīng),提示高水平AMH易導(dǎo)致卵巢過度刺激癥(OHSS),對(duì)AMH水平較高的超排卵患者,給予合適的促性腺激素,可以減少OHSS的發(fā)生。
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通訊作者董曦,E-mail:dong.xi@zs-hospital.sh.cn
△劉素英和徐軍對(duì)本文有同等貢獻(xiàn),為共同第一作者。
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