張璐等
摘 要 建立了在線凈化(TurboFlow, TF)超高效液相色譜同位素稀釋串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法檢測蜂蜜中硝基咪唑類及其代謝物(甲硝唑,羥基甲硝唑,二甲硝咪唑,羥基二甲硝咪唑,洛硝噠唑,異并硝唑,羥基異并硝唑,奧硝唑)的方法。以0.1%甲酸溶解樣品后,進(jìn)入TF超高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜系統(tǒng)分析,以內(nèi)標(biāo)法定量。對影響凈化的條件如TF凈化柱、流動相、洗脫溶液等進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。
1 引 言
硝基咪唑類(Nitroimidazoles, NMZs)藥物是一類含有5位硝基取代咪唑雜環(huán)的化合物,主要包括甲硝唑(Metronidazole,MNZ)、羥基甲硝唑(1(2hydroxyethyl)2hydroxymethyl5nitroimidazol,MNZOH)、二甲硝咪唑(Dimetridazloe,DMZ)、羥基二甲硝咪唑(2Hydroxymethyl1methyl5nitroimidazole,HMMNI)、洛硝噠唑(Ronidazole,RNZ)、異并硝唑(Ipronidazole,IPZ)、羥基異并硝唑(IpronidazoleOH,IPZOH)、奧硝唑(Ornidazole),該類藥物作為飼料添加劑應(yīng)用于畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)中。硝基咪唑類藥物因療效明顯且價格低,被許多蜂農(nóng)用于預(yù)防和控制蜜蜂孢子蟲病[1],造成該類藥物在蜂蜜中殘留。由于該類藥物具有致癌性、致突變性,許多國家及地區(qū)已禁止該類藥物用于食源性食物,我國已于2002年禁止該藥物的使用[2]。另外,硝基咪唑代謝物在動物體內(nèi)比原藥維持時間長[3], 以二甲硝咪唑為例,在給家禽喂藥2 d后,肌肉組織中未檢出原藥殘留,1 d后在蛋中檢測到其代謝物。因此,硝基咪唑類藥物的代謝產(chǎn)物的檢測備受關(guān)注[4,5]。
硝基咪唑類藥物及代謝物的檢測方法主要有高效液相色譜法[6,7]、液相色譜質(zhì)譜或串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法[8~10]、氣相色譜質(zhì)譜法[11]、毛細(xì)管電泳法[12]、膠束電動色譜法[13]等。這些方法均需要對樣品進(jìn)行大量前處理。一般多采用液液萃取法[9,14]、固相萃取法[15~17]等,盡管上述方法對藥物殘留均可起到凈化效果,但費時費力。與傳統(tǒng)的提取方法相比,在線凈化(TF)技術(shù)通過擴散溶解、尺寸排阻、柱層析等技術(shù)將蛋白等一些大分子物質(zhì)濾掉,保留目標(biāo)小分子; 并通過與串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用,簡化前處理流程、在實現(xiàn)在線凈化功能的同時保證了方法的檢測靈敏度。目前利用該技術(shù)已建立了牛奶中孕激素[18]、動物源食品中金剛烷胺[19]、水果中農(nóng)藥殘留[20]以及環(huán)境水中磺胺類[21]、皮質(zhì)類固醇[22]、苯并三唑類化合物[23]的檢測方法。但還未見利用此技術(shù)研究蜂蜜中硝基咪唑及其代謝物的檢測方法。本研究利用TFUPLCMS/MS系統(tǒng)建立了蜂蜜中硝基咪唑及其代謝物殘留量的檢測方法。本方法簡便、快速、結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確可靠,并成功應(yīng)用于本實驗室日常檢測工作。
2 實驗部分
2.1 儀器、試劑與材料
Transcend1在線凈化系統(tǒng)(美國ThermoFisher 公司),配有TSQ Vantage三重四極桿質(zhì)譜儀; 離心機(美國Sigma公司); GeNius 3多功能渦旋器(德國IKA公司); Milli1 advantage A10/Elixs超純水凈化系統(tǒng)(美國Millipore公司)。
MNZ,DMZ,RNZ,IPZ,IPZOH(純度>98%,德國Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH公司); MNZOH,HMMNI,DMZd3,HMMNId3,IPZOHd3(純度>97%,德國Witega公司),奧硝唑(純度>98%,SigmaAldrich公司)。乙腈(HPLC級,美國ThermoFisher公司),甲酸(HPLC級,上海安普公司)。實驗用水為超純水(18.2 MΩ cm)。
2.2 溶液配制
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的配制: 分別準(zhǔn)確稱取MNZ,DMZ,RNZ,IPZ,IPZOH,MNZOH,HMMNI,DMZd3,HMMNId3,IPZOHd3和奧硝唑各10 mg,用甲醇溶解并定容至10 mL棕色容量瓶中,配制成1.0 g/L的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儲備液,4 ℃下保存。
3.5 實際樣品分析
采用本方法對30批蜂蜜中的硝基咪唑及代謝物殘留進(jìn)行測定。每批樣品從稱樣到檢測完畢只需15 min。與傳統(tǒng)固相萃取LCMS/MS檢測相比,樣品分析時間大大縮減。
實際檢測結(jié)果顯示,在1批蜂蜜中檢出DMZ,含量為0.98 μg/kg。其余29批蜂蜜樣品中硝基咪唑及代謝物均未檢出。
4 結(jié) 論
建立了在線凈化超高效液相色譜同位素稀釋串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法檢測蜂蜜中硝基咪唑類及其代謝物殘留的方法。樣品經(jīng)溶解離心后的上清液無需復(fù)雜的前處理過程即可直接進(jìn)樣。與常規(guī)方法比較,本方法快速、簡便、方便,提高了工作效率,降低了樣品的分析成本。本方法的靈敏度高,穩(wěn)定性好,能很好地應(yīng)用于蜂蜜中硝基咪唑類及其代謝物殘留的檢測。
References
1 Zhou J H, Shen J Z, Xue X F, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang J Z, Zhang S X. J. AOAC INT., 2007, 90(3): 872-878
2 Ministry of Agriculture. No. 193, Bulletin of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People′s Republic of China. [201486\]
農(nóng)業(yè)部.中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)部公告第193號. [201486\] http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/gg/201104/t20110422_1976324.htm.
3 XIE Wen, CHEN XiaoMei, DING HuiYing, HOU JianBo, XI JunYang, QIAN Yan. Journal of Instrument Analysis, 2010, 29(5): 497-501
謝 文, 陳笑梅, 丁慧瑛, 侯建波, 奚君陽, 錢 艷.分析測試學(xué)報, 2010, 29(5): 497-501
4 Fraselle S T, Derop V, Degroodt J M, Loco J V. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 586: 383-393
5 Cao Y R, Zhao M, Wu X J, Guo B N, Chen Y, Ji C N, Yu C, Cao G Y, Zhang J, Shi Y G, Zhang Y Y. J. Chromatogr. B, 2014, 963: 119-127
6 GAO XiaoLONG, WANG DaJu, WANG JiCang, ZHANG ZeYing. Jouranl of Hubei University(Natural Science), 2008, 30(1): 71-75
高小龍, 王大菊, 汪紀(jì)倉, 張澤英. 湖北大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版), 2008, 30(1): 71-75
7 Tan H Y, Yang G P, Yu P, Hhang Y Y, Pei Q, Yuan H, Huang Z J, Xie F F, Mu L L. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed., 2013, 71: 75-80
8 GUO DeHua, DENG XiaoJun, ZHAO ShanZhen, ZHU Jian, XIA ChongFei, CHEN ShunSheng, SONG Yue. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2010, 38(3): 318-324
郭德華, 鄧曉軍, 趙善貞, 朱 堅, 夏崇菲, 陳舜勝, 宋 越.分析化學(xué), 2010, 38(3): 318-324
9 Gadaj A, Lullob V D, Cantwella H, McCormack M, Furey A, Danaher M. J. Chromatogr. B, 2014, 960: 105-115
10 Tlgyesi A, Sharmab V K, Fekete S, Fekete J, Simon A, Farkas S. J. Pharmaceut. Biomed., 2012, 6465: 40-48
11 Polzer J, Gowik P. J. Chromatogr. B, 2001, 761: 47-60
12 HernndezMesa M, GarcíaCampaa A M, CrucesBlanco C. Food Chem., 2014, 145: 161-167
13 HernndezMesa M, AiradoRodríguez D, CrucesBlanco C, GarcíaCampaa A M. J. Chromatogr. A, 2014, 1341: 65-72
14 GB/T 234102009, Determination of Residues of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites in HoneyLCMS/MS Method. National Standard of the People′s Republic of China.
蜂蜜中硝基咪唑類藥物及其代謝物殘留量的測定液相色譜質(zhì)譜質(zhì)譜法. 中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn). GB/T 234102009
15 Xia X, Wang Y Y, Wang X, Li Y, Zhong F, Li X W, Huang Y L, Ding S Y, Shen J Z. J. Chromatogr. A, 2013, 1293: 96-103
16 Mitrowsk K, Posyniak A, Posyniak J. Talanta, 2010, 81: 1273-1280
17 CAO Hui, CHEN XiaoZhen, ZHU Yan, LI ZuGuang. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2013, 34(12): 2710-271
曹 慧, 陳小珍, 朱 巖, 李祖光.高等學(xué)?;瘜W(xué)學(xué)報, 2013, 34(12): 2710-2715
18 DUAN YongSheng, WANG BingLing, AI LianFeng, GUO ChunHai, Ge ShiHui, ZHANG JingWen, XU NiuSheng. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2014, 32(6): 647-652
段永生, 王炳玲, 艾連峰, 郭春海, 葛世輝, 張婧雯, 徐牛生.色譜, 2014, 32(6): 647-652
19 AI LianFeng, MA YuSong, CHEN RuiChun, GUO ChunHai, KANG ZhanSheng. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2013, 41(8): 1194-1198
艾連峰, 馬育松, 陳瑞春, 郭春海, 康占省.分析化學(xué), 2013, 41(8): 1194-1198
20 ZHANG Lu, KONG XiangHong, HE Qiang, ZHANG LongZhuang, LI JianHua. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2014, 32(6): 559-5650
張 璐, 孔祥虹, 何 強, 張龍莊, 李建華.色譜, 2014, 32(6): 559-565
21 GarcíaGaln M J, DíazCruz M S, Barceló D. Talanta, 2010, 81: 355-366
22 Fayad P B, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Talanta, 2013, 115: 349-360
23 Liu R Z, Ruan T, Wang T, Song S J, Guo F, Jiang G B. Talanta, 2014, 120: 158-160
Determination of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites Residues in
Honey by TurboFlow Online PurificationUltra Performance Liquid
ChromatographyTandem Mass Sepctrometry
and Istopes Dilution Technique
ZHANG Lu*1, KONG XiangHong1, WANG Han1, LI JianHua, HE Qiang1, XU NiuSheng2
1(Shannxi EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xi′an 710038, China)
2(Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai 201206, China)
Abstract A TurboFlow (TF) online purificationultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites (ornidazole, IPZ, MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ, IPZOH and HMMNI) in honey. The honey sample was extracted by H2O containing 0.1% formic acid solution. Then, the extraction solution was analyzed by TFUPLCMS/MS. The main factors influencing the purification efficiency including TF column, mobile phases and elution solutions were optimized. The compounds were detected by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI+). The linear range of the method ranged from 0.1 to 50 μg/L for nitroimidazoles and their metabolites, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of over 0.997. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/kg for ornidazole, IPZ, 0.2 μg/kg for MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ and IPZOH, and 1.0 μg/kg for HMMNI, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 73.7% to 116.4% at four spiked levels with the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.1% to 9.1% in honey samples. The results indicate that the developed method is simple, efficient and precise, and can be used for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in the actual honey samples.
Keywords TurboFlowultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; Nitroimidazoles and metabolites; Honey
(Received 9 September 2014; accepted 10 October 2014)
21 GarcíaGaln M J, DíazCruz M S, Barceló D. Talanta, 2010, 81: 355-366
22 Fayad P B, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Talanta, 2013, 115: 349-360
23 Liu R Z, Ruan T, Wang T, Song S J, Guo F, Jiang G B. Talanta, 2014, 120: 158-160
Determination of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites Residues in
Honey by TurboFlow Online PurificationUltra Performance Liquid
ChromatographyTandem Mass Sepctrometry
and Istopes Dilution Technique
ZHANG Lu*1, KONG XiangHong1, WANG Han1, LI JianHua, HE Qiang1, XU NiuSheng2
1(Shannxi EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xi′an 710038, China)
2(Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai 201206, China)
Abstract A TurboFlow (TF) online purificationultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites (ornidazole, IPZ, MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ, IPZOH and HMMNI) in honey. The honey sample was extracted by H2O containing 0.1% formic acid solution. Then, the extraction solution was analyzed by TFUPLCMS/MS. The main factors influencing the purification efficiency including TF column, mobile phases and elution solutions were optimized. The compounds were detected by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI+). The linear range of the method ranged from 0.1 to 50 μg/L for nitroimidazoles and their metabolites, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of over 0.997. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/kg for ornidazole, IPZ, 0.2 μg/kg for MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ and IPZOH, and 1.0 μg/kg for HMMNI, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 73.7% to 116.4% at four spiked levels with the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.1% to 9.1% in honey samples. The results indicate that the developed method is simple, efficient and precise, and can be used for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in the actual honey samples.
Keywords TurboFlowultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; Nitroimidazoles and metabolites; Honey
(Received 9 September 2014; accepted 10 October 2014)
21 GarcíaGaln M J, DíazCruz M S, Barceló D. Talanta, 2010, 81: 355-366
22 Fayad P B, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Talanta, 2013, 115: 349-360
23 Liu R Z, Ruan T, Wang T, Song S J, Guo F, Jiang G B. Talanta, 2014, 120: 158-160
Determination of Nitroimidazoles and Their Metabolites Residues in
Honey by TurboFlow Online PurificationUltra Performance Liquid
ChromatographyTandem Mass Sepctrometry
and Istopes Dilution Technique
ZHANG Lu*1, KONG XiangHong1, WANG Han1, LI JianHua, HE Qiang1, XU NiuSheng2
1(Shannxi EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xi′an 710038, China)
2(Thermo Fisher Scientific (China), Shanghai 201206, China)
Abstract A TurboFlow (TF) online purificationultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites (ornidazole, IPZ, MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ, IPZOH and HMMNI) in honey. The honey sample was extracted by H2O containing 0.1% formic acid solution. Then, the extraction solution was analyzed by TFUPLCMS/MS. The main factors influencing the purification efficiency including TF column, mobile phases and elution solutions were optimized. The compounds were detected by selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI+). The linear range of the method ranged from 0.1 to 50 μg/L for nitroimidazoles and their metabolites, with the correlation coefficient (R2) of over 0.997. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μg/kg for ornidazole, IPZ, 0.2 μg/kg for MNZ, MNZOH, DMZ, RNZ and IPZOH, and 1.0 μg/kg for HMMNI, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 73.7% to 116.4% at four spiked levels with the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.1% to 9.1% in honey samples. The results indicate that the developed method is simple, efficient and precise, and can be used for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in the actual honey samples.
Keywords TurboFlowultra performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry; Nitroimidazoles and metabolites; Honey
(Received 9 September 2014; accepted 10 October 2014)