趙金強+張衛(wèi)琴+劉安定
[摘要] 目的 探討醛糖還原酶(AKR1B10 蛋白)在肝癌組織中的表達(dá)及臨床意義。 方法 采用免疫組化技術(shù)檢測89例肝細(xì)胞癌組織及26例肝良性病變組織的AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá),并檢測89例肝癌患者的術(shù)前AFP、AFU水平,分析AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá)及與患者術(shù)前血清AFP、AFU水平的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌組織中的陽性表達(dá)率顯著高于肝良性病變組織中的陽性表達(dá)率(P<0.05)。在肝細(xì)胞癌組織中,AKR1B10 蛋白陽性表達(dá)率為84.3%,顯著高于患者術(shù)前血清AFP的陽性率(68.5%)和血清AFU的陽性率(70.8%)。 結(jié)論 AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá)率顯著高于肝良性病變組織,在肝細(xì)胞癌組織中的陽性率顯著高于患者術(shù)前血清AFP、AFU的陽性率,為肝細(xì)胞癌的早期診斷提供了一個好的指標(biāo)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] AKR1B10 蛋白;肝細(xì)胞癌;臨床意義
[中圖分類號] R735.7 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)32-0049-03
Expression and its clinical significance of AKR1B10 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma
ZHAO Jinqiang1 ZHANG Weiqin2 LIU Anding3
1.Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Huzhou in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou 313000, China; 2.Department of 11 Wards, Central Hospital of Huzhou in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou 313000, China; 3.Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Universiy of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate AKR1B10 protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) liver tissues and the clinical significance. Methods Examine AKR1B10 protein by immunohistochemistry technique in 89 cases of HCC liver tissues and 26 cases of benign hepatic lesions, and the preoperative serum AFP, AFU levels of 89 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, and analyse the relationship between the expression of AKR1B10 protein in HCC liver tissues and preoperative serum AFP, AFU levels. Results The positive expression rate of AKR1B10 protein in HCC liver tissues was significantly higher than that in the liver tissues from liver benign lesions patients (P<0.05). Furthermore, in HCC patients, the positive rate of AKR1B10 protein (84.3%) was significantly higher than that of the AFP positive rate (68.5%) and the AFU positive rate (70.8%). Conclusion Expression of AKR1B10 protein in HCC liver tissues was significantly higher than that in benign liver lesions liver tissues. The positive rate of AKR1B10 in HCC liver tissues was significantly higher than that of the positive rate of AFP and AFU. Therefore, AKR1B10 may be a potential biomarker for early detection of HCC.
[Key words] AKR1B10 protein; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Clinical significance
肝細(xì)胞癌是我國常見的惡性腫瘤之一,具有惡性程度高、病情發(fā)展快、預(yù)后差及死亡率高的特點,早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療是提高肝細(xì)胞癌治療效果的關(guān)鍵。目前,主要依靠血清AFP、AFU指標(biāo)及影像學(xué)檢查對該病診斷,但有學(xué)者指出部分肝癌患者血清AFP、AFU檢測值呈陰性或低值[1],1998 年曹德良博士等在原發(fā)性肝癌組織中分離出AKR1B10蛋白[2]。Penning 和Fukumoto 等研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌和肺癌組織中過度表達(dá)[3,4],提示該蛋白可能作為肝細(xì)胞癌診斷的又一標(biāo)記物。為探討AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌早期診斷中的意義,本文分析比較了AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌組織和肝良性病變組織中的表達(dá),并分析其在肝細(xì)胞癌組織中的陽性表達(dá)率和患者術(shù)前血清AFP、AFU水平的關(guān)系。endprint
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2013年3月~2014年5月在我院普外科住院治療的89例肝細(xì)胞癌患者,所有患者均經(jīng)病理組織切片找到癌細(xì)胞確診,其中男52例,女37例,年齡21~73歲。26例肝良性病變患者為同期住院治療患者,其中肝血管瘤12例,肝膿腫7例,肝囊腫5例,肝細(xì)胞腺瘤2例,男14例,女12例,年齡19~69歲。
1.2 方法
采用免疫組化技術(shù)檢測89例肝細(xì)胞癌組織及26例肝良性病變組織的AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá),并檢測89例肝細(xì)胞癌患者的術(shù)前AFP、AFU水平。所有操作按照實驗室SOP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。
1.3 儀器與試劑
AFP檢測儀器為美國雅培公司生產(chǎn)的ARCHITECT-i2000,試劑由美國Abbott Laboratories公司提供。AFU檢測儀器為日本日立公司生產(chǎn)的HITACHI 7600-120,試劑由北京利德曼生化股份有限公司提供。采用EnVision法免疫組織化學(xué)染色法,鼠抗人AKR1B10單克隆抗體一抗購自美國Abcam公司,采用EnVision法進(jìn)行AKR1B10免疫組織化學(xué)染色法。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
數(shù)據(jù)分析使用SPSS 16.0軟件包。計量資料以(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌和肝良性病變中的表達(dá)
免疫組化檢查結(jié)果顯示,89例肝細(xì)胞癌組織中75例AKR1B10蛋白表達(dá)陽性,陽性率為84.3%。26例肝良性病變組織中2例AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性,陽性率為7.7%。肝細(xì)胞癌組織AKR1B10陽性表達(dá)率顯著高于肝良性病變組織(χ2=6.87,P<0.05)。
2.2 肝細(xì)胞癌患者術(shù)前血清AFP、AFU水平與肝良性病變患者血清AFP、AFU水平的比較
見表1。肝細(xì)胞癌術(shù)前組AFP水平顯著高于肝良性病變組(t=43.97,P<0.05);肝細(xì)胞癌術(shù)前組AFU水平顯著高于肝良性病變組(t=23.01,P<0.05)。
表1 肝細(xì)胞癌組術(shù)前血清AFP、AFU水平與肝良性病變組比較(x±s)
2.3 AFP(μg/L)與AFU(U/L)陽性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
根據(jù)Gambarin-Gelwanen等[5]文獻(xiàn),本文以AFP>20 μg/L為陽性,AFU>40 U/L為陽性。肝細(xì)胞癌患者肝組織AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性率和術(shù)前血清AFP、AFU陽性率的比較,見表2、表3。89例肝細(xì)胞癌患者中有75例肝組織AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性,陽性率為84.3%。有61例患者術(shù)前血清AFP陽性,陽性率68.5%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=5.08,P<0.05)。89例肝細(xì)胞癌患者中有75例肝組織AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性,陽性率為84.3%。有63例患者術(shù)前血清AFU陽性,陽性率70.8%,χ2檢驗二者有顯著性差異(χ2=6.27,P<0.05)。
表2 肝細(xì)胞癌患者肝組織AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性率和術(shù)前血清AFP陽性率的比較
表3 肝細(xì)胞癌患者肝組織AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性率和術(shù)前血清AFU陽性率的比較
3討論
目前,肝細(xì)胞癌的早期臨床診斷的主要血清標(biāo)志物是AFP和AFU。其中AFP是目前公認(rèn)早期診斷和篩選肝癌的指標(biāo),成人合成很低,原發(fā)性肝細(xì)胞癌時,其合成升高,高水平的AFP和AFP持續(xù)增高常常作為診斷肝細(xì)胞癌的有力證據(jù)之一。但是它在小肝細(xì)胞癌和低水平AFP的肝細(xì)胞癌患者血清中幾乎全部是陰性。而在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、胃癌和胚胎性癌等患者血清中也非特異性地升高[6]。AFU在肝細(xì)胞癌時增高,診斷敏感性為75%,特異性為90%。對AFP陰性的肝細(xì)胞癌及小肝細(xì)胞癌,AFU的陽性率均在70%以上[7]。所以需要發(fā)現(xiàn)更有前途的手段包括分子生物學(xué)標(biāo)記方法以助該疾病的早期診斷[8]。
AKR1B10是細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)的可溶性單體氧化還原酶,能催化多種外源性和內(nèi)源性的醛和酮依賴NADH的還原反應(yīng),屬于醛酮還原酶超家族的一員[9]。國外文獻(xiàn)研究表明,AKR1B10蛋白主要存在于胚胎肝組織和肝細(xì)胞癌組織中,在正常成年肝臟組織中不表達(dá)[10]。近年來,又有相當(dāng)多的國外文獻(xiàn)研究顯示,AKR1B10在肺癌、胰腺癌等多種癌組織中高表達(dá)[11~13]。
本文實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明,89例肝細(xì)胞癌組織中有75例AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性,陽性率為84.3%。26例肝良性病變組織中有2例AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性,陽性率為7.7%。表明AKR1B10 蛋白在肝細(xì)胞癌組織中的陽性表達(dá)率顯著高于肝良性病變組織。這和國內(nèi)學(xué)者相關(guān)研究報道基本一致[14]。AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性可作為診斷肝細(xì)胞癌的一個有力依據(jù)。
本文以AFP>20 μg/L為陽性,AFU>40 U/L為陽性,89例肝細(xì)胞癌患者中有61例術(shù)前AFP陽性,占68.5%。與徐桂秋等[15]研究結(jié)果相近。有63例患者術(shù)前血清AFU陽性,陽性率70.8%;有75例 AKR1B10蛋白表達(dá)陽性,陽性率為84.3%,在肝細(xì)胞癌時,AKR1B10蛋白陽性率要顯著高于患者術(shù)前血清AFP、AFU的陽性率。這提示AKR1B10蛋白在診斷肝細(xì)胞癌時要優(yōu)于血清AFP和AFU。
依據(jù)本文的實驗數(shù)據(jù),作者認(rèn)為醫(yī)師可以把AKR1B10 蛋白作為診斷肝細(xì)胞癌的一個有力依據(jù),尤其是在患者血清AFP、AFU都是陰性,而AKR1B10 蛋白表達(dá)陽性,醫(yī)師應(yīng)做更進(jìn)一步的檢查和密切關(guān)注患者的病情進(jìn)展,及時確定或排除肝細(xì)胞癌的診斷,采取有效措施處理病情。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] 張曉東,孟巧芬. 血清AFP、CA125、CA199聯(lián)合檢測在原發(fā)性肝癌中的診斷價值[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報,2010,7(3):87.endprint
[2] Cao D,F(xiàn)an ST,Chung SS. Identification and characterization of anovel human aldose reductase-like gene[J]. J Biol Chem,1998,273(19):11429-11435.
[3] Penning TM. AKR1B10: A new diagnostic marker of non-small celllung carcinoma in smokers[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11:1687-1690.
[4] Fukumoto S,Yamauchi N,Moriguchi H,et al. Overexpression of thealdo-keto reductase family protein AKR1B10 is highly correlatedwith smokersnon-small cell lung carcinomas[J]. Clin CancerRes,2005,11(5):1776-1785.
[5] Gambarin-Gelwanen M,Wolf DC,Shap iro R,et al. Sensitivity of com-monly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinomain cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation[J]. Am J Gas-troenterol,2000,95(6):1535-1538.
[6] Bertino G,Ardiri A,Malaguarnera M,et al. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers[J]. Semin Oncol,2012,39(4):410-433.
[7] 葉任高,陸再英,劉厚玨,等. 原發(fā)性肝癌[M]. //內(nèi)科學(xué)[M].北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2000 :771-479.
[8] Maruyama H,Yoshikawa M,Yokosuka O. Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14:1710-1719.
[9] Penning TM,Drury JE. Human aldo-keto reductases:Function,generegulation,and single nucleotide polymorphisms[J].Arch BiochemBiophys,2007,464(2):241-250.
[10] Zeindl-Eberhart E,Klugbauer S,Dimitrijevic N,et al.Proteome analysis of rat hepatomas:Carcinogen-dependent tumor-associated protein variants[J]. Electrophoresis,2001,22(14):3009-3018.
[11] Woenckhaus M,Klein-Hitpass L,Grepmeier U,et al.Smoking and cancer-related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancers[J]. J Pathol,2006,210(2):192-204.
[12] Chung YT,Matkowskyi KA,Li H,et al. Overexpression and onco-genic function of aldo-keto reductase family 1B10(AKR1B10)inpancreatic carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol,2012,25(5):758-766.
[13] Laffin B,Petrash JM. Expression of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in human cancers[J]. Front Pharmacol,2012,3:104.
[14] 韋薇,曹驥,歐超,等. 醛糖還原酶1B10在肝癌組織中的表達(dá)與患者術(shù)前血清AFP水平的關(guān)系[J]. 中國癌癥防治雜志,2013,5(2):110-113.
[15] 徐桂秋,林偉. 血清AFU、AFP、GGT聯(lián)合檢測在原發(fā)性肝癌診斷中的意義[J]. 齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報,2012,33(15):2008-2009.
(收稿日期:2014-06-20)endprint
[2] Cao D,F(xiàn)an ST,Chung SS. Identification and characterization of anovel human aldose reductase-like gene[J]. J Biol Chem,1998,273(19):11429-11435.
[3] Penning TM. AKR1B10: A new diagnostic marker of non-small celllung carcinoma in smokers[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11:1687-1690.
[4] Fukumoto S,Yamauchi N,Moriguchi H,et al. Overexpression of thealdo-keto reductase family protein AKR1B10 is highly correlatedwith smokersnon-small cell lung carcinomas[J]. Clin CancerRes,2005,11(5):1776-1785.
[5] Gambarin-Gelwanen M,Wolf DC,Shap iro R,et al. Sensitivity of com-monly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinomain cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation[J]. Am J Gas-troenterol,2000,95(6):1535-1538.
[6] Bertino G,Ardiri A,Malaguarnera M,et al. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers[J]. Semin Oncol,2012,39(4):410-433.
[7] 葉任高,陸再英,劉厚玨,等. 原發(fā)性肝癌[M]. //內(nèi)科學(xué)[M].北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2000 :771-479.
[8] Maruyama H,Yoshikawa M,Yokosuka O. Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14:1710-1719.
[9] Penning TM,Drury JE. Human aldo-keto reductases:Function,generegulation,and single nucleotide polymorphisms[J].Arch BiochemBiophys,2007,464(2):241-250.
[10] Zeindl-Eberhart E,Klugbauer S,Dimitrijevic N,et al.Proteome analysis of rat hepatomas:Carcinogen-dependent tumor-associated protein variants[J]. Electrophoresis,2001,22(14):3009-3018.
[11] Woenckhaus M,Klein-Hitpass L,Grepmeier U,et al.Smoking and cancer-related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancers[J]. J Pathol,2006,210(2):192-204.
[12] Chung YT,Matkowskyi KA,Li H,et al. Overexpression and onco-genic function of aldo-keto reductase family 1B10(AKR1B10)inpancreatic carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol,2012,25(5):758-766.
[13] Laffin B,Petrash JM. Expression of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in human cancers[J]. Front Pharmacol,2012,3:104.
[14] 韋薇,曹驥,歐超,等. 醛糖還原酶1B10在肝癌組織中的表達(dá)與患者術(shù)前血清AFP水平的關(guān)系[J]. 中國癌癥防治雜志,2013,5(2):110-113.
[15] 徐桂秋,林偉. 血清AFU、AFP、GGT聯(lián)合檢測在原發(fā)性肝癌診斷中的意義[J]. 齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報,2012,33(15):2008-2009.
(收稿日期:2014-06-20)endprint
[2] Cao D,F(xiàn)an ST,Chung SS. Identification and characterization of anovel human aldose reductase-like gene[J]. J Biol Chem,1998,273(19):11429-11435.
[3] Penning TM. AKR1B10: A new diagnostic marker of non-small celllung carcinoma in smokers[J]. Clin Cancer Res,2005,11:1687-1690.
[4] Fukumoto S,Yamauchi N,Moriguchi H,et al. Overexpression of thealdo-keto reductase family protein AKR1B10 is highly correlatedwith smokersnon-small cell lung carcinomas[J]. Clin CancerRes,2005,11(5):1776-1785.
[5] Gambarin-Gelwanen M,Wolf DC,Shap iro R,et al. Sensitivity of com-monly available screening tests in detecting hepatocellular carcinomain cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation[J]. Am J Gas-troenterol,2000,95(6):1535-1538.
[6] Bertino G,Ardiri A,Malaguarnera M,et al. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers[J]. Semin Oncol,2012,39(4):410-433.
[7] 葉任高,陸再英,劉厚玨,等. 原發(fā)性肝癌[M]. //內(nèi)科學(xué)[M].北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2000 :771-479.
[8] Maruyama H,Yoshikawa M,Yokosuka O. Current role of ultrasound for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14:1710-1719.
[9] Penning TM,Drury JE. Human aldo-keto reductases:Function,generegulation,and single nucleotide polymorphisms[J].Arch BiochemBiophys,2007,464(2):241-250.
[10] Zeindl-Eberhart E,Klugbauer S,Dimitrijevic N,et al.Proteome analysis of rat hepatomas:Carcinogen-dependent tumor-associated protein variants[J]. Electrophoresis,2001,22(14):3009-3018.
[11] Woenckhaus M,Klein-Hitpass L,Grepmeier U,et al.Smoking and cancer-related gene expression in bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancers[J]. J Pathol,2006,210(2):192-204.
[12] Chung YT,Matkowskyi KA,Li H,et al. Overexpression and onco-genic function of aldo-keto reductase family 1B10(AKR1B10)inpancreatic carcinoma[J]. Mod Pathol,2012,25(5):758-766.
[13] Laffin B,Petrash JM. Expression of the aldo-keto reductases AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 in human cancers[J]. Front Pharmacol,2012,3:104.
[14] 韋薇,曹驥,歐超,等. 醛糖還原酶1B10在肝癌組織中的表達(dá)與患者術(shù)前血清AFP水平的關(guān)系[J]. 中國癌癥防治雜志,2013,5(2):110-113.
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(收稿日期:2014-06-20)endprint