鄭保良等
[摘要] 目的 比較腹腔鏡與開(kāi)放膀胱根治性切除-原位回腸新膀胱術(shù)治療侵潤(rùn)性膀胱癌患者的臨床效果。方法 回顧性分析該院自2009年1月—2012年6月收治的36例侵潤(rùn)性膀胱癌患者的臨床資料,按照不同術(shù)式分為腹腔鏡組(n=16)和開(kāi)放手術(shù)組(n=20)。比較兩組患者圍手術(shù)期情況、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥和術(shù)后1年的膀胱功能。結(jié)果 觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯長(zhǎng)于對(duì)照組[(366.8±42.5) min vs(308.4±38.2) min],而術(shù)中出血量[(482.3±23.5) mL vs(1078.3±344.6) mL]和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間[(22.8±3.7) d vs(28.6±4.9) d]均明顯小于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥明顯少于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而兩組患者術(shù)后1年的膀胱容量、膀胱內(nèi)壓和殘余尿差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 腹腔鏡下膀胱根治性切除術(shù)-原位回腸新膀胱術(shù)對(duì)機(jī)體損傷小、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快和并發(fā)癥較少的優(yōu)點(diǎn),且術(shù)后膀胱功能與開(kāi)放手術(shù)相當(dāng),是一種值得推廣應(yīng)用的術(shù)式。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 腹腔鏡;開(kāi)放手術(shù);膀胱根治性切除;原位回腸新膀胱術(shù);效果
[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.14 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2014)05(a)-0034-02
[Abstract] Objective To compare the clinical effect of laparoscopic and open radical resection of bladder in situ ileum new bladder surgery for the treatment of patients with invasive bladder cancer. Methods The clinical data of 36 patients with invasive bladder cancer admitted in our hospital from January, 2009 to June, 2012 were retrospective analyzed. And they were divided into laparoscopic group (observation group, n=16) and open surgical group (control group, n=20) according to the different operation. The perioperative status and postoperative complications and bladder function 1 year after the operation were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time of the observation group was significantly longer than that of the control group[(366.8±42.5) min vs(308.4±38.2)min], while the intraoperatve blood loss[(482.3±23.5) ml vs(1078.3±344.6)ml] and length of stay[(22.8±3.7) d vs(28.6±4.9)d] were smaller than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The postoperative complications of the observation group was obviously less than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); and the differences in bladder capacity, intravesical pressure and residual urine in bladder 1 year after the operation between the two groups were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic radical resection of bladder in situ ileum new bladder surgery has the advantages of causing minimal damage to the body, postoperative recover faster, fewer complications, and the postoperative bladder function is equivalent to that of the open operation, which is worthy of popularization and application.
[Key words] Laparoscope; Open operation; Radical resection of bladder; In situ ileum new bladder surgery; Effect
膀胱癌是泌尿系統(tǒng)最為常見(jiàn)的腫瘤之一,其發(fā)病率近年來(lái)呈現(xiàn)逐漸上升趨勢(shì)[1]。根治性膀胱全切術(shù)是治療侵潤(rùn)性膀胱癌的首選治療方案,術(shù)后均需要進(jìn)行尿流改道。傳統(tǒng)的回場(chǎng)流出道術(shù)式是一種不可控性尿流改道,術(shù)后需要永久腹壁造口并外接集尿裝置,對(duì)患者造成極大的心理壓力[2]。原位回腸新膀胱手術(shù)是近年來(lái)新興的一種尿流改道手術(shù),不需要使用外接集尿裝置,容易被患者接受[3]。為比較腹腔鏡與開(kāi)放膀胱根治性切除-原位回腸新膀胱術(shù)治療侵潤(rùn)性膀胱癌患者的臨床效果?,F(xiàn)分析2009年1月—2012年6月間該院收治的36例侵潤(rùn)性膀胱癌患者的臨床資料,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取該院收治的36例侵潤(rùn)性膀胱癌患者為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)不同術(shù)式分為腹腔鏡組(觀察組,n=16)和開(kāi)放手術(shù)組(對(duì)照組,n=20)。所有患者均經(jīng)膀胱鏡檢查和活檢確診為膀胱尿路上皮癌,且未發(fā)生局部或遠(yuǎn)處淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,無(wú)嚴(yán)重心肺疾病和盆腔手術(shù)史。對(duì)照組男16例,女4例;年齡38~76歲,平均(64.8±9.4)歲;腫瘤TNM分期為T2N0M017例,T3N0M03例。觀察組男13例,女3例;年齡37~75歲,平均(65.2±9.6)歲;腫瘤TNM分期為T2N0M014例,T3N0M02例。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
對(duì)照組采用傳統(tǒng)的開(kāi)放膀胱根治性切除-原位回腸新膀胱術(shù),而觀察組采用腹腔鏡下膀胱根治性切除-原位回腸新膀胱術(shù)。比較兩組間圍手術(shù)期情況(如手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、腸道功能恢復(fù)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間)、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥和術(shù)后1年的膀胱功能(如膀胱容量、膀胱內(nèi)壓、殘余尿)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采用SPSS 17.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,均數(shù)比較進(jìn)行方差齊性檢驗(yàn),若方差齊采用t檢驗(yàn),方差不齊則采用U檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者圍手術(shù)期情況比較
觀察組手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯長(zhǎng)于對(duì)照組,而術(shù)中出血量和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間均明顯小于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
3 討論
全膀胱切除術(shù)是治療侵潤(rùn)性膀胱癌的主要方法之一,術(shù)后常常需要進(jìn)行尿流改道。原位回腸新膀胱術(shù)符合人體生理排泄機(jī)能,有足夠的膀胱容量,具有良好的順應(yīng)性和排空能力以及抗反流機(jī)制;而且手術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥較少;術(shù)后新膀胱腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率極低[4]。該研究對(duì)原位回腸新膀胱術(shù)按照不同術(shù)式進(jìn)行了比較,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)腹腔鏡組手術(shù)時(shí)間明顯長(zhǎng)于對(duì)照組,而術(shù)中出血量和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間均明顯小于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而腹腔鏡組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥明顯減少(P<0.05),且兩組間術(shù)后1年的膀胱功能相當(dāng)(P>0.05)。腹腔鏡組手術(shù)效果體現(xiàn)出微創(chuàng)醫(yī)學(xué)的優(yōu)勢(shì),這與手術(shù)器械的改進(jìn)和術(shù)者的熟練程度密切相關(guān)。腹腔鏡技術(shù)可以放大手術(shù)視野,實(shí)施者可以清晰的辨認(rèn)血管的走行和具體位置,便于結(jié)扎縫合,最大限度的減少誤傷血管而引起的出血。而且人工氣腹具有一定的壓力,可以減少靜脈出血。術(shù)中腸管暴露較少,有助于減少腸道損傷幾率和術(shù)后粘連的發(fā)生。腹腔鏡手術(shù)后容易出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥主要有尿漏、切口感染、腸漏和輸尿管梗阻反流等。黃建等[5]報(bào)道的腹腔鏡手術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為18.5%,開(kāi)放手術(shù)組為30.0%。該研究中有2例患者腹腔鏡術(shù)后出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥,占12.5%,明顯小于開(kāi)放手術(shù)組的40.0%(8/20)。與腹腔鏡手術(shù)切口較小,對(duì)機(jī)體免疫干擾較小和手術(shù)誤傷率較低有關(guān)。該研究?jī)H對(duì)患者進(jìn)行了近期的隨訪觀察,尚缺乏長(zhǎng)期觀察報(bào)道,對(duì)于腹腔鏡手術(shù)能否達(dá)到預(yù)期的根治效果還需要進(jìn)一步的觀察研究。
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(收稿日期:2014-01-19)