郭秀琴
顧名思義,所謂表語形容詞,就是指只能作表語的形容詞。英語中以a-開頭的形容詞就是這樣的形容詞。前綴a-一般含有in,on,at等意思,如:asleep=in+sleep睡著的;afire=on+fire著火的;aslant=at+slant傾斜的。
常見的以a-開頭的形容詞在中學(xué)英語課本中有afire(燃燒著),aflame(燃燒的),afloat(在水上漂浮的),afraid(害怕的),alight(點著的,發(fā)亮的),alike(同樣的,相似的),alive(活著的,活潑的),ashamed(慚愧的,羞恥的),aslant(傾斜的),asleep(睡著的,睡熟的),awake(醒著的,意識到),aware(知道的,意識到的)等,現(xiàn)將其主要用法介紹如下:
一、作表語
1.單獨作表語
The whole building was soon aflame.整個建筑物不久就燃燒了起來。
A fire started in the roof and soon all the house was alight.火從屋頂燒起來,很快整個房子燒著了。
2.以a-開頭的形容詞作表語時
(1)介詞短語
She was afraid of losing her job.她害怕失去工作。
He felt something akin to pity.他感到有一種近于憐憫的感覺。
(2)動詞不定式
He is afraid to dive into the swimming pool.他不敢在游泳池里跳水。
I am ashamed to ask you for help.真不好意思向你請求幫助。
(3)從句
The thief was not aware that I was watching him.那個小偷不知道我在盯著他。
I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.我太困了,不知道究竟冷到什么程度。
二、作定語
1.以a-開頭的形容詞一般不能作前置定語,只可作后置定語。例如:
Markevitch is the finest baseball player alive.馬科維奇是當今最優(yōu)秀的棒球運動員。
Business people,foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry.商人、外國人和一些相似的家庭正充分利用這個成長中的產(chǎn)業(yè)。
注意:在名詞之前,一般要用專門的形容詞,如:用waking代替awake,用sleeping代替asleep,用live或living代替alive,用frightened代替afraid等。如:
The Sleeping Beauty is a famous fairy tale.《睡美人》是一個著名的童話故事。
A living dog is better than a dead lion.(Prov.)活狗勝于死獅。(諺語)
2.當以a-開頭的形容詞本身帶有副詞修飾時,則可以位于名詞前面作前置定語。例如:
He is one of the most politically aware young men around.他是那兒最有政治頭腦的青年之一。
The doctor looked at the fully awake patient and went out.醫(yī)生看了看完全醒來的病人,然后走了出去。
Mother gazed at her half asleep baby.母親凝視著她那半睡的嬰兒。
三、作補足語
1.作賓語補足語。
People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they were dead.發(fā)現(xiàn)處于冬眠中的動物在睡眠,人們常常認為它們死了。
However,the king was pleased with his kindness towards the six little men and decided to keep him alive.然而,國王對格列弗對待那六個小人的友好行為感到滿意,因此決定不殺他。
The news of victory kept us alive in excitement.勝利的消息使我們興奮。
2.作主語補足語。
Only ten people were found alive after the crash.飛機墜毀后,發(fā)現(xiàn)只有十個人還活著。
The villagers were buried alive by the Japanese soldiers.村民們被日本鬼子活埋了。
3.用在with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,作賓語補足語,表示伴隨情況。
The policeman is standing there with arm akimbo.那個警察雙手叉著腰站在那兒。
He sang an inspiring song with heart afire at the concert.在音樂會上,他熱血沸騰地唱了一首鼓舞人心的歌曲。
The eagle sailed with its wings aslant.那只鷹傾斜著翅膀飛翔。
表語形容詞在英語表述中有重要作用,只有牢記它的功能,才能運用自如。