米中華 司冬梅 王燕英
【摘要】 目的:探討多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)患者血清色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)水平,并評(píng)價(jià)其激素水平和代謝指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。方法:對(duì)本院近5年就診的40例PCOS患者(PCOS組)與40例健康體檢者(對(duì)照組)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,評(píng)價(jià)兩組患者的血清PEDF水平,并對(duì)兩組有差異的指標(biāo)與PEDF進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果:兩組的BMI、糖代謝、脂代謝及激素水平比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其余各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。PCOS組BMI低于24 kg/m2的患者PEDF水平及hs-CRP均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。PCOS組BMI≥24 kg/m2的患者HOMA指數(shù)及PEDF水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),hs-CRP明顯高于對(duì)照組(P=0.03)。PEDF與hs-CRP(r=0.68,P<0.05)、HOMA指數(shù)(r=0.32,P<0.05)、BMI(r=0.29,P<0.05)、腰臀比(r=0.31,P<0.05)、舒張壓(r=0.24,P<0.05)、總膽固醇(r=0.33,P<0.05)、甘油三酯(r=0.39,P<0.05)及LDL-C(r=0.44,P<0.05)正相關(guān),而與HDL成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.36,P<0.05)。結(jié)論:PCOS患者中血清PEDF水平高于正常,特別是超重的PCOS患者血清PEDF顯著升高,且與炎癥反應(yīng)、胰島素抵抗指數(shù)及脂代謝情況關(guān)系密切。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 多囊卵巢綜合征; 色素上皮衍生因子; 血糖代謝
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum pigment epithelium -derived factor (PEDF) levels and hormone levels/ metabolic indicators in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Method:The clinical data of 40 PCOS patients (the PCOS group) and 40 healthy fertile women (the control group) were analyzed, the serum PEDF levels in two groups were detected. And the relationship of BMI, hs-CRP, HOMA index, waist-hip ratio, diastolic pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride,and HDLwith PEDF were observed.Result:There were significant difference between the two groups in the terms of BMI, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and hormone levels (P<0.05), while the other remaining indicators were no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). For patients with BMI less than
24 kg/m2, the levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than that in the control group in the terms of PEDF and hs-CRP (P<0.01); for patients with BMI≥24 kg/m2, HOMA index and PEDF were significantly higher in the PCOS group than that in the control group (P<0.01), hs-CRP was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.03). PEDF was positively correlation with HOMA index (r=0.32, P<0.05), BMI (r=0.29, P<0.05), waist-hip ratio (r=0.31, P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.24, P<0.05), total cholesterol (r=0.33, P<0.05), triglycerides (r=0.39, P<0.05) and LDL-C (r=0.44, P<0.05), while it was negatively correlated with HDL (r=-0.36, P<0.05). Conclusions: Serum PEDF level in PCOS, especially in overweight patients, was higher than normal people. It is significantly corrected with inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance index.
【Key words】 Polycystic ovary syndrome; Pigment epithelium-derived factor; Glucose metabolism
First-authors address:Shenzhen City Nanshan District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Shenzhen 518053,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.25.014
在育齡期婦女中,多囊卵巢綜合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)屬于非常常見的一種婦科內(nèi)分泌性疾病,在世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)病率約為9%~18%[1]。PCOS屬于代謝障礙性疾病,主要表現(xiàn)為腹部肥胖、胰島素抵抗、血脂異常及高血壓等。這些因素導(dǎo)致了這類人群中代謝綜合征及心血管疾病的發(fā)病率顯著升高。最近一項(xiàng)Meta分析表明約49%左右的PCOS患者均患有不同程度的肥胖[2]。色素上皮衍生因子(Pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)是絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑家族中一員,具有抗血管生成和抗氧化等作用[3]。文獻(xiàn)[4]報(bào)道PEDF與肥胖及2型糖尿病等代謝綜合征具有一定聯(lián)系,在血糖代謝及胰島素調(diào)節(jié)中具有重要作用。但是目前研究報(bào)道PCOS患者中血清PEDF的升高與高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(high sensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)胰島素抵抗的關(guān)系不盡一致[5-6]。本文對(duì)PCOS患者與正常人群的血清PEDF水平進(jìn)行了研究,并探討了PCOS患者中PEDF與激素水平、代謝指標(biāo)及炎癥反應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選擇本院近5年就診的育齡期婦女40例,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:(1)確診為PCOS;(2)未合并明顯心血管疾病者;(3)3個(gè)月之內(nèi)為服用影響激素水平或血壓的藥物。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:(1)合并有其他內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)疾??;(2)具有糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變或其他血管損傷性疾病者;(3)患有糖尿病、肝腎功能不全、甲狀腺疾病或已有妊娠者。并以40例正常月經(jīng)周期的健康體檢者作為對(duì)照。所有納入患者均簽署知情同意書。患者平均年齡為(32.2±21.5)歲,BMI 18.5~26.9 kg/m2,腰圍79~91 cm。同時(shí)根據(jù)BMI是否大于24 kg/m2,將患者分為BMI正常組和超重組。PCOS組和對(duì)照組各40例,兩組比較除BMI、糖代謝、脂代謝及激素水平有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異外,各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。
1.2 試驗(yàn)方法 所有患者均進(jìn)行全身體格檢查。多毛診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照Ferriman等[7]介紹的方法進(jìn)行評(píng)分,大于或等于8分視為多毛,血壓測定在靜息坐立位10 min后進(jìn)行。身體測量指標(biāo)為身高、體重、腰圍及臀圍,并以此計(jì)算身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)和腰臀比(waist/hip ratio,WHR)。所有患者及正常人群在月經(jīng)周期的第2~10天均進(jìn)行腹部或陰道B超,以及抽血檢測激素和代謝性指標(biāo)的水平,對(duì)于無月經(jīng)的患者可在任意一天進(jìn)行檢測。PCOS診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照Lecke等[8]報(bào)道的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。抽取空腹靜脈血進(jìn)行血清PEDF、空腹血糖、空腹胰島素、胰島素抵抗指數(shù)、黃體生成素、性激素結(jié)合球蛋白、總睪酮及游離雄激素指數(shù)及脂代謝水平的測定,之后行糖耐量檢測,即口服75 g的無水葡萄糖后2 h再次抽血測定血糖及胰島素水平。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn)及秩和檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用 字2檢驗(yàn),PEDF與其他指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)檢驗(yàn)采用Spearman相關(guān)分析方法進(jìn)行,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組PEDF及HOMA指數(shù)的比較 PCOS組BMI正常的患者PEDF水平、hs-CRP均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。PCOS組中超重的患者HOMA指數(shù)及PEDF水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),hs-CRP明顯高于對(duì)照組(P=0.03),見表2。
2.2 PEDF與各指標(biāo)相關(guān)性分析 將PCOS組及對(duì)照組的PEDF水平與兩組間有差異的基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行Spearman相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果顯示PEDF與hs-CRP(r=0.68,P<0.05)、HOMA指數(shù)(r=0.32,P<0.05)、BMI(r=0.29,P<0.05)、腰臀比(r=0.31,P<0.05)、舒張壓(r=0.24,P<0.05)、總膽固醇(r=0.33,P<0.05)、甘油三酯(r=0.39,P<0.05)及LDL-C(r=0.44,P<0.05)正相關(guān),而與HDL成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.36,P<0.05)。
3 討論
PCOS是臨床上常見的婦科內(nèi)分泌性疾病,其發(fā)病率在5%~10%之間。在血液指標(biāo)中較為明顯的改變時(shí)其雄激素水平過高。PCOS患者不論育齡期還是青春期,其卵巢中雄激素水平過高而抑制卵泡發(fā)育,均可導(dǎo)致卵泡閉鎖致排卵異常或者無排卵,在臨床表現(xiàn)上主要為月經(jīng)稀發(fā)或者閉經(jīng),或婚后不孕;另外常常全是伴有多毛、脫發(fā)、痤瘡、肥胖等特征[9]。PEDF是1989年在人視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)液中發(fā)現(xiàn)和提取的一種糖蛋白。Famulla等[10]2011年通過基質(zhì)輔助激光解吸電離質(zhì)譜技術(shù)及二維聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳證實(shí)了脂肪細(xì)胞分泌最多的脂肪因子即為PEDF,且該因子隨著脂肪細(xì)胞分化的成熟,其表達(dá)量在相應(yīng)的增多。PEDF對(duì)脂肪細(xì)胞及骨骼肌細(xì)胞的炎癥信號(hào)通路核因子-kB具有促進(jìn)作用,且可通過此作用增加胰島素抵抗指數(shù)[11]。目前較多研究關(guān)注與PEDF與炎癥的關(guān)系,而有報(bào)道顯示PCOS患者還常常伴有不同程度的炎癥反應(yīng),但對(duì)于PCOS患者中PEDF水平及其表達(dá)的意義其相關(guān)報(bào)道還有待確定[12-13]。
本研究通過選取本院就診的PCOS患者及健康體檢者為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)PCOS患者與正常人群的血清PEDF水平進(jìn)行了研究,并探討了PCOS患者中PEDF與激素水平和代謝指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。其結(jié)果顯示PCOS患者中血清PEDF的水平高于正常,特別是超重的PCOS患者血清PEDF顯著升高,且進(jìn)一步對(duì)兩組患者HOMA指數(shù)級(jí)hs-CRP進(jìn)行了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)仍具有顯著性差異。對(duì)PEDF與HOMA指數(shù)和hs-CRP等具有統(tǒng)計(jì)差異的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性分析顯示其與hs-CRP的關(guān)系最為密切,另外與胰島素抵抗指數(shù)及脂代謝情況仍有較為緊密的關(guān)系。
本研究證實(shí)了PCOS患者中血清PEDF的高水平與hs-CRP相關(guān),提示PCOS患者中炎癥反應(yīng)與PEDF有一定關(guān)系。Nakamura等[14]顯示血清PEDF水平在代謝綜合征和2型糖尿病患者獨(dú)立相關(guān)。Stejskal等[15]通過對(duì)112例高加索人進(jìn)行血清PEDF水平BMI及hs-CRP的檢測,提示PEDF可作為篩檢代謝綜合征的一個(gè)新的標(biāo)志物。本研究也存在一定的局限。首先,本研究屬于單中心研究,由于病例數(shù)量及患者的因素,無法做到嚴(yán)格的基于年齡及BMI的配對(duì)性診斷試驗(yàn)。其次,筆者并未對(duì)TNF-α等其他炎癥因子進(jìn)行測定,而只分析了hs-CRP與PEDF的相關(guān)性。但hs-CRP作為炎癥重要標(biāo)志物已得到臨床上公認(rèn)。再次,筆者本次研究并未深一步的探尋PEDF及hs-CRP之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,若要明確PCOS患者中PEDF與hs-CRP的因果關(guān)系還需要更進(jìn)一步的臨床及基礎(chǔ)研究。
總之,本研究提示PCOS患者中血清PEDF水平高于正常,特別是超重的PCOS患者血清PEDF顯著升高,且與炎癥反應(yīng)、胰島素抵抗指數(shù)及脂代謝情況關(guān)系密切。
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(收稿日期:2014-02-14) (本文編輯:蔡元元)