李宗祥,孫平
(華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)醫(yī)院,湖北 武漢 430070)
蒽貝素聯(lián)合阿霉素對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7增殖和荷瘤裸鼠腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的影響
李宗祥,孫平Δ
(華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)醫(yī)院,湖北 武漢 430070)
目的探討阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)聯(lián)合X連鎖凋亡抑制蛋白小分子抑制劑蒽貝素(embelin,EB)對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7增殖及荷瘤裸鼠腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的影響。方法根據(jù)加入藥物的不同將MCF-7細(xì)胞分為生理鹽水組、阿霉素干預(yù)組、蒽貝素干預(yù)組和聯(lián)合干預(yù)組(蒽貝素+阿霉素)。MTT法檢測(cè)各組對(duì)乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖的影響。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)各組腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡情況。構(gòu)建乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞腫瘤球模型,探討阿霉素聯(lián)合蒽貝素對(duì)腫瘤球的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用。建立乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,探討阿霉素聯(lián)合蒽貝素對(duì)乳腺癌異位瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用。結(jié)果乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞在給藥后48h,聯(lián)合干預(yù)組對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖抑制率顯著大于其他給藥組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);細(xì)胞凋亡實(shí)驗(yàn)和腫瘤球生長(zhǎng)抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)都表明聯(lián)合干預(yù)組的腫瘤細(xì)胞抑制能力顯著強(qiáng)于其他組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);荷瘤小鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,聯(lián)合干預(yù)組的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)抑制作用顯著強(qiáng)于其他組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論阿霉素與蒽貝素均具有抑制乳腺癌增殖的作用,2者聯(lián)合應(yīng)用能夠發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,增強(qiáng)抗腫瘤能力。
阿霉素;蒽貝素;乳腺癌
1.1 材料 DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)基和胎牛血清(美國(guó)GIBCO公司);阿霉素(浙江海正藥業(yè),批號(hào):14202);蒽貝素(美國(guó) sigma公司);其余試劑為分析純。人源乳腺癌細(xì)胞(MCF-7,ATCC)。雌性裸鼠(20~30 g,購(gòu)自武漢大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心,合格證號(hào):WHDX20102372)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng):將MCF-7細(xì)胞置于含有100mg/L胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng),培養(yǎng)條件為5%CO2,飽和濕度,溫度為37℃。待細(xì)胞匯合度為0.8~0.9時(shí),用2.5mg/L胰蛋白酶消化傳代,取增殖期細(xì)胞進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.2.2 MTT檢測(cè)不同藥物對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用:將MCF-7細(xì)胞分為生理鹽水組、阿霉素干預(yù)組、蒽貝素干預(yù)組和聯(lián)合干預(yù)組(蒽貝素+阿霉素)。培養(yǎng)MCF-7細(xì)胞,接種于96孔板中,當(dāng)孔板中細(xì)胞完全貼壁且處于對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期時(shí)分別加入無(wú)菌過(guò)濾后的蒽貝素溶液(40mmol/mL)、阿霉素溶液(15mmol/mL)和蒽貝素(40mmol/mL)+阿霉素(15 mmol/mL)溶液。將孔板移入37℃5%CO2孵箱中繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h和48 h后取出,每孔加入20μL 5 g/LMTT溶液,再放回孵箱中繼續(xù)孵育4 h。將孔板中液體倒出,每孔加入200μL DMSO,37℃避光振搖15min,用酶標(biāo)儀在490 nm處測(cè)定各孔的吸光度值(A)。
1.2.3 細(xì)胞凋亡檢測(cè):按“1.2.2”方法培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞并分組,給藥后將MCF-7細(xì)胞繼續(xù)培24 h,用冰PBS清洗細(xì)胞3次,F(xiàn)ITC/PI雙染,細(xì)胞避光放置15 min,采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡數(shù)量。
1.2.4 腫瘤球生長(zhǎng)變化檢測(cè):取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的MCF-7細(xì)胞,用0.125%的胰酶消化,含血清的培養(yǎng)基中和胰酶,輕輕吹打細(xì)胞后離心,棄上清。加培養(yǎng)基重懸細(xì)胞,接種于低熔點(diǎn)瓊脂糖預(yù)處理的96孔板。37℃5%CO2孵箱中培養(yǎng)。腫瘤球生長(zhǎng)7 d后,加入無(wú)菌過(guò)濾后的蒽貝素溶液(40 mmol/mL)、阿霉素溶液(15mmol/mL)和蒽貝素(40mmol/mL)+阿霉素(15 mmol/mL)溶液。以生理鹽水為陰性對(duì)照,統(tǒng)計(jì)腫瘤球體積大小變化。腫瘤球體積變化率 =(Vn-V0)/V0。
1.2.5 乳腺癌異位腫瘤模型的建立:MCF-7細(xì)胞經(jīng)胰酶消化離心后,懸浮于DMEM培養(yǎng)液,細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),調(diào)節(jié)濃度至5×107個(gè)/mL。取4~6周齡,體質(zhì)量20~30 g的雌性裸鼠60只,于皮下接種于裸鼠背部,每只裸鼠接種0.1mL細(xì)胞懸濁液。接種后1~2周可見(jiàn)背部長(zhǎng)出腫瘤塊,證明接種成功。將優(yōu)選后的40只荷瘤裸鼠隨機(jī)分成4組,分別腹腔注射蒽貝素溶液(40mmol/mL)、阿霉素溶液(15mmol/mL)和蒽貝素(40mmol/mL)+阿霉素(15mmol/mL)溶液各 1mL,第 3、6、9、12天給藥。第21天處死小鼠,剖腫瘤,稱(chēng)重。計(jì)算抑瘤率腫瘤組織切片,TUNEL染色,照相。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 11.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,正態(tài)計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以“±s”表示,2組間比較用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較用方差分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 各處理組對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用 MTT結(jié)果顯示:阿霉素和蒽貝素均能顯著抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖(P<0.05),且隨著時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)抑制率逐漸上升(P<0.05)。聯(lián)合干預(yù)組對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖抑制能力顯著高于各單獨(dú)給藥組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01,見(jiàn)圖1)。
圖1 不同藥物干預(yù)組對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖抑制率#P<0.05,##P<0.01,與生理鹽水組比較;**P<0.01,與蒽貝素組和阿霉素組比較;ΔP<0.01,與聯(lián)合干預(yù)組相比Fig.1 MCF-7 cell viability at various drugs at24 h and 48h after the treatment#P<0.01,compared with saline group;**P<0.01,compared with embelin group and doxorubicin group;ΔP<0.01,compared with combination group(doxorubicin+embelin)at24 h
2.1 各處理組對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞的凋亡作用 流式檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示:與生理鹽水組相比,阿霉素、蒽貝素和聯(lián)合干預(yù)組均能不同程度誘導(dǎo)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的凋亡(P<0.01)。且聯(lián)合干預(yù)組誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著強(qiáng)于2單獨(dú)干預(yù)組組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01,見(jiàn)圖2)。
圖2 不同藥物干預(yù)誘導(dǎo)MCF-7細(xì)胞凋亡率ΔP<0.05,ΔΔP<0.01,與生理鹽水組比較;**P<0.01,與阿霉素組和蒽貝素組相比Fig.2 MCF-7 cells induced apoptosis by embelin and doxorubicin ΔP<0.01,compared with saline group;**P<0.01,compared with embelin group and doxorubicin group
2.2 各處理組對(duì)腫瘤球生長(zhǎng)的抑制作用 腫瘤球的生長(zhǎng)抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:阿霉素和蒽貝素均能明顯抑制腫瘤球的生長(zhǎng),且聯(lián)合干預(yù)組對(duì)腫瘤球生長(zhǎng)抑制率顯著高于其他2組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01,見(jiàn)圖3)。
圖3 不同藥物干預(yù)對(duì)腫瘤球生長(zhǎng)抑制率**P<0.01,與蒽貝素組和阿霉素組相比Fig.3 The inhibition of tumor spheroids by embelin and doxorubicin**P<0.01,compared with embelin group and doxorubicin group
2.4 各處理組對(duì)裸鼠皮下移植腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的作用 對(duì)荷瘤裸鼠的治療實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,聯(lián)合干預(yù)組對(duì)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的抑制率顯著強(qiáng)于其他組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01,見(jiàn)表1)。各組裸鼠腫瘤組織切片后TUNEL染色,棕色代表凋亡的腫瘤細(xì)胞,圖4可見(jiàn),聯(lián)合干預(yù)組誘導(dǎo)凋亡的腫瘤細(xì)胞最多,其次是阿霉素干預(yù)組和蒽貝素干預(yù)組。
表1 不同藥物干預(yù)對(duì)乳腺癌移植瘤的抑制率Tab.1 The inhibition of breast tumor by different drugs
圖4 腫瘤組織切片TUNEL染色(×200)Fig.4 TUNEL staining of tumor tissues(×200)
蒽貝素是近年來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種有效的小分子X(jué)IAP抑制劑,其抗腫瘤活性已經(jīng)得到了廣泛關(guān)注。鄭玲等[10]觀察了蒽貝素對(duì)人胰腺癌細(xì)胞的抑制效應(yīng),結(jié)果顯示蒽貝素具有良好的誘導(dǎo)胰腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡的作用。史朝暉等[11]觀察了蒽貝素對(duì)大腸癌細(xì)胞的增殖抑制效果,得到了相同的結(jié)果。本研究將阿霉素與蒽貝素聯(lián)合用于乳腺癌的治療研究。研究結(jié)果表明,阿霉素聯(lián)合蒽貝素能夠有效抑制MCF-7腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖和誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡。在某些實(shí)體腫瘤組織中,由于腫瘤組織致密生長(zhǎng),腫瘤內(nèi)部壓力高且血管少,因此抗腫瘤藥物很難進(jìn)入腫瘤組織深部[12-15]。本研究構(gòu)建了體外乳腺癌腫瘤球模型用于評(píng)價(jià)聯(lián)合給藥的抑制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的能力。結(jié)果顯示,與生理鹽水組比較,蒽貝素和阿霉素都能夠抑制腫瘤球的生長(zhǎng),聯(lián)合給藥比各單獨(dú)給藥更能有效抑制腫瘤球的生長(zhǎng)。
綜上,本研究首先通過(guò)體外細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了聯(lián)合給藥對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用。腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)、腫瘤球生長(zhǎng)抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)和細(xì)胞凋亡實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果都表明聯(lián)合給藥能夠增強(qiáng)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖抑制作用,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡。其次,構(gòu)建了乳腺癌異位腫瘤模型,通過(guò)考察腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制、腫瘤組織切片觀察聯(lián)合給藥對(duì)腫瘤的抑制和誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡情況,得到了與體外實(shí)驗(yàn)一致的結(jié)論:阿霉素聯(lián)合蒽貝素能夠顯著提高對(duì)乳腺癌的治療效果。
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(編校:吳茜)
Effect of embelin and doxorubicin on the proliferation of MCF-7 cell and grow th of MCF-7 bearing nudem ice
LIZong-xiang,SUN PingΔ
(Hospital of Central China Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein(XIAP)combined with doxorubicin on the proliferation of MCF-7 cell and growth of MCF-7 bearing nude mice.MethodsThe anti-proliferation efficiency of doxorubicin and embelin were determined by MTT assay.MCF-7 cell apoptosis induced by embelin and doxorubicin were detected by Flow cytometry.Anti-tumor ability of embelin and doxorubicin were evalued with tumor spheroids test.MCF-7 cell were xenografted to mice to establish the animal model,which was used to evaluate the effect of antitumor.ResultsCompared with saline group,embelin group and doxorubicin group,the combination(doxorubicin+embelin)group inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells effectively(P<0.01).The combination group induced the apoptosis of MCF-7 cellsmore effectively than doxorubicin alone(P<0.01),and significantly inhibit the growth of tumor in vitro and in vivo than other groups(P<0.01).ConclusionThe combination of doxorubicin and embelin may be used as a potentially effective treatmentmethod for breast cancer.
doxorubicin;embelin;breast cancer
R737.9
A
1005-1678(2014)04-0005-04
乳腺癌是目前危害婦女健康的主要惡性腫瘤,發(fā)病率占女性惡性腫瘤的25%~30%,并呈逐年上升趨勢(shì)[1-2]。目前,乳腺癌的治療以手術(shù)為主,聯(lián)合化療為輔。然而,以細(xì)胞毒性為主的化學(xué)治療缺乏選擇性,難免產(chǎn)生許多不良反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致病人對(duì)化療的依從性較差。凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitor of apoptosis protein,IAPs)是近年來(lái)備受矚目的一類(lèi)蛋白質(zhì)家族,是一類(lèi)獨(dú)立于Bcl-2的抗凋亡蛋白。某些IAPs成員異常高表達(dá)常引起細(xì)胞凋亡受阻,與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[3-5]。X連鎖凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitorof apoptosis protein,XIAP)是半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑。X連鎖凋亡抑制蛋白是腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)抑制凋亡發(fā)生的重要蛋白之一[6]。蒽貝素是一種XIAP的小分子抑制劑,能夠通過(guò)抑制XIAP,進(jìn)而誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[7-9]。阿霉素是目前臨床上常用的抗腫瘤藥物,已經(jīng)被用于乳腺癌的治療,然而由于其心臟毒性,其應(yīng)用受到一定的限制。本研究將蒽貝素與阿霉素聯(lián)用,旨在探討他們對(duì)乳腺癌的治療作用。
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81171365)
李宗祥,男,本科,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:腫瘤疾病的基礎(chǔ)與臨床治療,E-mail:lizongxiang1975@163.com;孫平,通信作者,男,本科,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:腫瘤疾病的基礎(chǔ)與臨床治療,E-mail:2094252562@qq.com。