羅建橋++++++鮑春曉++++++周建維
[摘要] 目的 探討miR-126對卵巢癌細(xì)胞株的細(xì)胞周期和形態(tài)的影響,評價miR-126靶向調(diào)控卵巢癌增殖侵襲的作用。 方法 體外培養(yǎng)人卵巢癌細(xì)胞株SKOV3,通過慢病毒包裝miR-126并轉(zhuǎn)染卵巢癌SKOV3細(xì)胞系,將其分為三組:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-126表達(dá)組(SKOV3/LV3-has-miR-126組)、轉(zhuǎn)染陰性對照組(SKOV3/LV3NC組)和空白對照組(SKOV3組),觀察轉(zhuǎn)染miR-126后細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化,并用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測各組細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期,分析轉(zhuǎn)染miR-126后細(xì)胞形態(tài)與細(xì)胞周期的改變情況。 結(jié)果 轉(zhuǎn)染miR-126后卵巢癌細(xì)胞組短梭形細(xì)胞居多,片狀偽足減少,這均不有利于腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移。同時SKOV3組、SKOV3/LV3NC組、SKOV3/LV3-has-miR-126組S期細(xì)胞平均比例分別為(53.8±4.5)%、(55.2±4.2)%和(39.7±6.6)%,而G1細(xì)胞比例則分別為(43.2±13.2)%、(42.6±13.2)%和(55.6±13.2)%,可見SKOV3組和SKOV3/LV3NC組細(xì)胞S期和G1期細(xì)胞比例相近(P > 0.05),而與其他兩組比較,SKOV3/LV3-has-miR-126組的細(xì)胞S期增殖指數(shù)較低,而停留在G1的細(xì)胞比例則較高,兩期比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 經(jīng)miR-126轉(zhuǎn)染后SKOV3卵巢癌細(xì)胞S期合成顯著抑制,而G1期細(xì)胞明顯增加,細(xì)胞偽足減少,提示轉(zhuǎn)染miR-126的SKOV3卵巢癌細(xì)胞其增殖和侵襲能力降低。
[關(guān)鍵詞] miR-126;卵巢癌;細(xì)胞周期;侵襲
[中圖分類號] R737.31 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2014)07(a)-0021-04
卵巢癌是婦科常見腫瘤之一,其早期癥狀隱匿,因此約70%卵巢癌患者在確診時已處于癌癥晚期。卵巢癌具有較強(qiáng)的惡性生物學(xué)行為,易發(fā)生腹腔內(nèi)的廣泛種植,已成為影響婦女生命的最主要的腫瘤之一[1-2]。卵巢癌的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移而產(chǎn)生的各種并發(fā)癥及器官衰竭是卵巢癌患者死亡的主要原因,目前卵巢癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展機(jī)制尚未完全明確,而闡明其侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制是卵巢癌根治的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)之一,因此,卵巢癌的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制已成為國內(nèi)外研究的熱點,一般認(rèn)為惡性腫瘤的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移涉及腫瘤細(xì)胞從原發(fā)灶的脫離、蛋白酶水解周圍基底膜以及腫瘤細(xì)胞遷移到蛋白酶水解部位等過程[3-5],上述的腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移過程具有腫瘤血管依賴性,其中血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)及其受體調(diào)控途徑是腫瘤血管形成的最重要因素。郎景和課題組研究表明卵巢癌患者術(shù)前血清VEGF水平是影響卵巢癌預(yù)后的獨立因素,且與卵巢癌的復(fù)發(fā)密切相關(guān),VEGF表達(dá)水平升高是患者預(yù)后不良的標(biāo)志[6],因此如何從源頭上抑制VEGF的表達(dá)無疑成為卵巢癌的有效治療方法之一。
microRNA是真核細(xì)胞內(nèi)的非編碼微小RNA,大量研究表明miRNA與多種腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān),其可能發(fā)揮著抑癌基因或癌基因的作用[6-7]。miR-126是作為一種特異性表達(dá)的microRNA,是新近被鑒定的血管生成相關(guān)microRNA,它們來源于共同的前體結(jié)構(gòu),位于染色體9q34.3上EGFL7基因內(nèi)含子中,少數(shù)情況下也可位于EGFL7基因外顯子及部分非編碼區(qū)域,研究證實miR-126通過VEGF mRNA 3'UTR中的互補(bǔ)位點結(jié)合,在翻譯水平抑制VEGF的表達(dá)[8-9],它能夠通過調(diào)控VEGF等基因的表達(dá)參與調(diào)控血管發(fā)育,新生血管形成以及血管炎性反應(yīng)等血管的生理和病理生理過程[10]。研究表明miR-126可以抑制多種腫瘤的增殖和轉(zhuǎn)移,如肺癌,乳腺癌,結(jié)腸癌等,提示miR-126可能具有潛在的抑癌基因作用,但其在卵巢癌中的作用尚未闡明[11-13]。本研究通過體外培養(yǎng)SKOV3卵巢癌細(xì)胞株,同時通過慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染miR-126的基因,復(fù)制SKOV3卵巢癌細(xì)胞株miR-126過表達(dá)模型,以探討miR-126對卵巢癌細(xì)胞株的細(xì)胞周期及細(xì)胞形態(tài)改變的影響,評價miR-126靶向調(diào)控卵巢癌增殖侵襲的作用。
1 材料與方法
1.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
SKOV3細(xì)胞株購自南京凱基生物科技發(fā)展有限公司,將SKOV3細(xì)胞移入培養(yǎng)瓶中,加入新鮮培養(yǎng)液,適當(dāng)稀釋細(xì)胞(含細(xì)胞的凍存液:新鮮培養(yǎng)液=1︰9),放置CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),待細(xì)胞貼壁后換液去除二甲亞砜(DMSO);或者將細(xì)胞低速離心(1500 r/min,5 min)以直接去除含DMSO的培養(yǎng)液,然后加入新鮮培養(yǎng)基,輕輕吹打接種到培養(yǎng)瓶中。
1.2 慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染
miR-126質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建和慢病毒包裝由上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司完成,參照慢病毒說明書,取對數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,接種于6 cm培養(yǎng)皿,每孔細(xì)胞數(shù)為3×105個,加2 mL全培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng),24 h后待細(xì)胞長至80%~90%融合時,用2 mL無血清培養(yǎng)基洗細(xì)胞1次,準(zhǔn)備轉(zhuǎn)染。實驗分3組:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-126表達(dá)組(SKOV3/LV3-has-miR-126組):1 mL培養(yǎng)基+45 μL LV3-has-miR-126慢毒原液+1 μL 5 g/L凝聚胺溶液(polybrene);轉(zhuǎn)染陰性對照組(SKOV3/LV3NC組):1 mL培養(yǎng)基+45 μL LV3NC慢病毒原液+1 μL 5 g/L polybrene;空白對照組(SKOV3組):1 mL培養(yǎng)基+1 μL l5 g/L polybrene,混合均勻后放入培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)24 h,然后更換正常的培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h后,取出培養(yǎng)皿,直接在倒置熒光顯微鏡下進(jìn)行觀察、細(xì)胞計數(shù)并拍照,隨機(jī)計數(shù)100個細(xì)胞,計算有綠色熒光的細(xì)胞所占細(xì)胞總數(shù)的百分比,即為轉(zhuǎn)染效率。LV3-has-miR-126寡核苷酸序列為5'-TCGTACCGTGAGTAATAATGCG-3',LV3NC寡核苷酸序列為5'-TTCTCCGAACGTGTCACGT-3'。慢病毒上均含有編碼GFP的基因,故轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞在熒光顯微鏡下可激發(fā)出綠色熒光。在熒光顯微鏡下觀察計數(shù),細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)染效率為70%~90%。
1.3 細(xì)胞生長周期檢測
對數(shù)期生長的細(xì)胞(細(xì)胞總數(shù)≥1×106個),0.25%胰酶消化成細(xì)胞懸液,1500 r/min離心10 min,棄上清;PBS洗滌1次,1500 r/min離心10 min,棄上清;加入0.3 mL PBS(含10%小牛血清30 μL)重懸;懸液加至放有0.7 mL無水乙醇的EP管內(nèi),20℃保存。碘化丙啶(PI)染色:-20℃固定的細(xì)胞3000 r/min離心1 min,PBS洗滌兩次,每次1500 r/min離心10 min,棄上清,加入0.1 mL RNaseA(1 mg/mL),37℃水浴30 min,加入0.4 mL PI,暗處染色20 min。流式細(xì)胞儀分析DNA含量分布、Multicycle軟件分析DNA合成前期(G1),DNA合成期(S)細(xì)胞的比例。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染結(jié)果
三組細(xì)胞均呈單層貼壁生長,SKOV3組和陰性轉(zhuǎn)染對照組細(xì)胞為短梭形或呈多角形,胞核均呈圓形或橢圓形胞質(zhì)透亮。LV3-has-miR-126組卵巢癌細(xì)胞組短梭形細(xì)胞居多,片狀偽足減少,提示miR-126可一定程度上改變卵巢癌細(xì)胞的形態(tài),這均不有利于腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移(圖1,封三)。
2.2 三組卵巢癌細(xì)胞細(xì)胞周期的檢測
經(jīng)流式細(xì)胞儀檢測三組細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期分析發(fā)現(xiàn),SKOV3組、SKOV3/LV3NC組、SKOV3/LV3-has-miR-126組S期細(xì)胞平均比例分別為(53.8±4.5)%、(55.2±4.2)%和(39.7±6.6)%,而G1細(xì)胞比例則分別為(43.2±13.2)%、(42.6±13.2)%和(55.6±13.2)%,上述數(shù)據(jù)顯示SKOV3組和SKOV3/LV3 NC組細(xì)胞S期和G1期細(xì)胞比例比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);與SKOV3組和SKOV3/LV3NC組細(xì)胞比較,SKOV3/LV3-has-miR-126組的細(xì)胞S期增殖指數(shù)較低而停留在G1的細(xì)胞比例則較高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),提示miR-126過表達(dá)后,細(xì)胞S期合成受到明顯抑制。
3 討論
近來年,microRNA作為一種真核細(xì)胞內(nèi)的非編碼微小RNA,在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用已成為研究的熱點之一。大量研究證明miRNA參與了細(xì)胞的增殖、分化、凋亡,在腫瘤的發(fā)生中,miRNA 扮演著癌基因或者抑癌基因的角色,不同類型的腫瘤發(fā)生中有著不同miRNA表達(dá)的改變,特征性miRNA表達(dá)的改變預(yù)示著腫瘤患者的預(yù)后和生存[14-15]。
上皮性卵巢癌是嚴(yán)重威脅女性健康的常見惡性腫瘤之一,其侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移是卵巢癌致死的重要原因,其發(fā)生機(jī)制目前尚未完全明確[16-17]。研究卵巢癌的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制可以為臨床患者的治療提供實驗基礎(chǔ),為卵巢癌的治療提供新的靶點。MiR-126是一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的與血管生成相關(guān)的microRNA,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-126在血管化組織中表達(dá)較正常組織明顯增加,并且,miR-126是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的唯一的在內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞系和造血始祖細(xì)胞中特異性表達(dá)的miRNA,大量研究表明,miR-126與多種腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展相關(guān),如乳腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌等,通過抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增生、遷移和侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移,或者抑制調(diào)控相關(guān)因子的表達(dá)[11-13]。在原發(fā)性乳腺癌中,miR-126的表達(dá)下降,同時發(fā)現(xiàn)與miR-126表達(dá)高的乳腺癌患者相比,miR-126低表達(dá)的患者遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移能力明顯增強(qiáng),預(yù)后較差[18]。上述研究提示miR-126的表達(dá)水平可能與腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖與侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)。細(xì)胞周期通??蓜澐譃榉至验g期和分裂期,分裂間期是物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備和積累階段,分裂期則是細(xì)胞增殖的實施過程。整個周期表示為:G1期-S期-G2期-M期,其中分裂間期又常??梢詣澐譃镚1、S和DNA合成后期(G2),在此期間的任務(wù)主要是完成染色質(zhì)中的DNA復(fù)制和相關(guān)蛋白質(zhì)的合成,通常認(rèn)為細(xì)胞S期細(xì)胞數(shù)目與增殖密切相關(guān),而G1的細(xì)胞比例高認(rèn)為細(xì)胞增殖抑制[19-20],本研究結(jié)果顯示,SKOV3/LV3-has-miR-126組的細(xì)胞S期細(xì)胞明顯減少,而停留在G1的細(xì)胞比例則較高,表明miR-126過表達(dá)后,細(xì)胞S期合成顯著抑制。
綜上所述,SKOV3細(xì)胞內(nèi)過表達(dá)miR-126后,卵巢癌細(xì)胞形態(tài)呈短梭形,片狀偽足減少,不有利于腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移。同時S期細(xì)胞減少而G1的細(xì)胞增多,癌細(xì)胞增殖受抑制,提示miR-126是卵巢癌治療的潛在靶點,為卵巢癌的治療提供了新的思路。
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[18] Hoppe R,Achinger-Kawecka J,Winter S,et al. Increased expression of miR-126 and miR-10a predict prolonged relapse-free time of primary oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer following tamoxifen treatment [J]. Eur J Cancer,2013,49(17):3598-3608.
[19] Yang ZL,Cheng K,Han ZD. Effect of bFGF on the MCF-7 cell cycle with CD44(+)/CD24(-):promoting the G0/G1→G2/S transition [J]. J Breast Cancer,2012,15(4):388-392.
[20] Ho K,Yazan LS,Ismail N, et al. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 induced by vanillin [J]. Cancer Epidemiol,2009,33(2):155-160.
(收稿日期:2014-03-31 本文編輯:任 念)
[4] 江忠清,陳小芳,孫蓬明,等.不同轉(zhuǎn)移能力的卵巢上皮性癌細(xì)胞中matriptase mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)及與其轉(zhuǎn)移能力的相關(guān)性[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2013,48(5):370-374.
[5] 郭清,吳小華.腹腔微環(huán)境與卵巢上皮性癌腹腔轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2013,48(5):388-390.
[6] 譚先杰,郎景和,沈鏗,等.卵巢上皮性癌患者術(shù)前血清血管內(nèi)皮生長因子與CA125水平的相關(guān)性及其預(yù)測預(yù)后的價值[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2008,43(1):9-12.
[7] To KK. MicroRNA:a prognostic biomarker and a possible druggable target for circumventing multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy [J]. J Biomed Sci,2013,20(1):99.
[8] Sasahira T,Kurihara M,Bhawal UK,et al. Downregulation of miR-126 induces angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by activation of VEGF-A in oral cancer [J]. Br J Cancer,2012,107(4):700-706.
[9] Zhang Y,Wang X,Xu B,et al. Epigenetic silencing of miR-126 contributes to tumor invasion and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer [J]. Oncol Rep,2013,30(4):1976-1984.
[10] Li Z,Li N,Wu M,et al. Expression of miR-126 suppresses migration and invasion of colon cancer cells by targeting CXCR4 [J]. Mol Cell Biochem,2013,381(1-2):233-242.
[11] Zhu X,Li H,Long L,et al. miR-126 enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to anticancer agents by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A [J]. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai),2012,44(6):519-526.
[12] Bai Y,Bai X,Wang Z,et al. MicroRNA-126 inhibits ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization via regulating angiogenic growth factors [J]. Exp Mol Pathol,2011,91(1):471-477.
[13] Donnem T,Lonvik K,Eklo K,et al. Independent and tissue-specific prognostic impact of miR-126 in nonsmall cell lung cancer:coexpression with vascular endothelial growth factor-A predicts poor survival [J]. Cancer,2011, 117(14):3193-3200.
[14] Zhou X,Liu J,Ye X,et al. Ensemble classifier based on context specific miRNA regulation modules: a new method for cancer outcome prediction [J]. BMC Bioinformatics,2013,14(12):6.
[15] Yan JW,Lin JS,He XX. The emerging role of miR-375 in cancer [J]. Int J Cancer,2013,1(1):122-124.
[16] Liliac L,Amalinei C,Balan R,et al. Ovarian cancer:insights into genetics and pathogeny [J]. Histol Histopathol,2012,27(6):707-719.
[17] Rosanò L,Spinella F,Bagnato A. The importance of endothelin axis in initiation,progression, and therapy of ovarian cancer [J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2010,299(2):395-404.
[18] Hoppe R,Achinger-Kawecka J,Winter S,et al. Increased expression of miR-126 and miR-10a predict prolonged relapse-free time of primary oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer following tamoxifen treatment [J]. Eur J Cancer,2013,49(17):3598-3608.
[19] Yang ZL,Cheng K,Han ZD. Effect of bFGF on the MCF-7 cell cycle with CD44(+)/CD24(-):promoting the G0/G1→G2/S transition [J]. J Breast Cancer,2012,15(4):388-392.
[20] Ho K,Yazan LS,Ismail N, et al. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 induced by vanillin [J]. Cancer Epidemiol,2009,33(2):155-160.
(收稿日期:2014-03-31 本文編輯:任 念)
[4] 江忠清,陳小芳,孫蓬明,等.不同轉(zhuǎn)移能力的卵巢上皮性癌細(xì)胞中matriptase mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)及與其轉(zhuǎn)移能力的相關(guān)性[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2013,48(5):370-374.
[5] 郭清,吳小華.腹腔微環(huán)境與卵巢上皮性癌腹腔轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系的研究進(jìn)展[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2013,48(5):388-390.
[6] 譚先杰,郎景和,沈鏗,等.卵巢上皮性癌患者術(shù)前血清血管內(nèi)皮生長因子與CA125水平的相關(guān)性及其預(yù)測預(yù)后的價值[J].中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2008,43(1):9-12.
[7] To KK. MicroRNA:a prognostic biomarker and a possible druggable target for circumventing multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy [J]. J Biomed Sci,2013,20(1):99.
[8] Sasahira T,Kurihara M,Bhawal UK,et al. Downregulation of miR-126 induces angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by activation of VEGF-A in oral cancer [J]. Br J Cancer,2012,107(4):700-706.
[9] Zhang Y,Wang X,Xu B,et al. Epigenetic silencing of miR-126 contributes to tumor invasion and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer [J]. Oncol Rep,2013,30(4):1976-1984.
[10] Li Z,Li N,Wu M,et al. Expression of miR-126 suppresses migration and invasion of colon cancer cells by targeting CXCR4 [J]. Mol Cell Biochem,2013,381(1-2):233-242.
[11] Zhu X,Li H,Long L,et al. miR-126 enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to anticancer agents by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A [J]. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai),2012,44(6):519-526.
[12] Bai Y,Bai X,Wang Z,et al. MicroRNA-126 inhibits ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization via regulating angiogenic growth factors [J]. Exp Mol Pathol,2011,91(1):471-477.
[13] Donnem T,Lonvik K,Eklo K,et al. Independent and tissue-specific prognostic impact of miR-126 in nonsmall cell lung cancer:coexpression with vascular endothelial growth factor-A predicts poor survival [J]. Cancer,2011, 117(14):3193-3200.
[14] Zhou X,Liu J,Ye X,et al. Ensemble classifier based on context specific miRNA regulation modules: a new method for cancer outcome prediction [J]. BMC Bioinformatics,2013,14(12):6.
[15] Yan JW,Lin JS,He XX. The emerging role of miR-375 in cancer [J]. Int J Cancer,2013,1(1):122-124.
[16] Liliac L,Amalinei C,Balan R,et al. Ovarian cancer:insights into genetics and pathogeny [J]. Histol Histopathol,2012,27(6):707-719.
[17] Rosanò L,Spinella F,Bagnato A. The importance of endothelin axis in initiation,progression, and therapy of ovarian cancer [J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2010,299(2):395-404.
[18] Hoppe R,Achinger-Kawecka J,Winter S,et al. Increased expression of miR-126 and miR-10a predict prolonged relapse-free time of primary oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer following tamoxifen treatment [J]. Eur J Cancer,2013,49(17):3598-3608.
[19] Yang ZL,Cheng K,Han ZD. Effect of bFGF on the MCF-7 cell cycle with CD44(+)/CD24(-):promoting the G0/G1→G2/S transition [J]. J Breast Cancer,2012,15(4):388-392.
[20] Ho K,Yazan LS,Ismail N, et al. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 induced by vanillin [J]. Cancer Epidemiol,2009,33(2):155-160.
(收稿日期:2014-03-31 本文編輯:任 念)