蘆婷婷等
摘要采用直接酯化法,通過改變對苯二甲酸(PTA)與2,5呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)的摩爾比,制備了一系列聚對苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯(PEFT)。運用1HNMR和13CNMR測試手段研究PEFT共聚酯的鏈結(jié)構(gòu)。
1引言
共聚物的序列結(jié)構(gòu)影響其物理和化學(xué)性能,研究共聚物鏈序列結(jié)構(gòu)對高聚物的改性和分子設(shè)計有重要意義。核磁共振是研究三元共聚物的結(jié)構(gòu)與組成的有效手段,已有大量文獻(xiàn)報道。
從可再生資源中尋求新的材料或單體代替依賴石油資源的產(chǎn)品已成為一種趨勢。近年來,基于可再生資源的含呋喃環(huán)聚酯已成為研究熱點之一。目前,已有一些關(guān)于2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二酸丁二醇共聚酯、2,5呋喃二甲酸對苯二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯等一系列含呋喃環(huán)聚酯的合成與性能研究的報道,本課題組亦在聚對苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯(PEFT)的合成、結(jié)構(gòu)和性能方面開展了研究工作。然而,現(xiàn)有的報道均集中在含呋喃環(huán)聚酯的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、合成和性能的研究,鮮有采用核磁共振(1HNMR和13CNMR)的手段研究PEFT共聚酯的序列結(jié)構(gòu)的文獻(xiàn)報道。
本研究組合成了一系列PEFT共聚酯,研究了PEFT共聚酯的一級結(jié)構(gòu)、熱性能和力學(xué)性能。序列結(jié)構(gòu)是共聚酯特有的,直接影響其性能。本研究運用1HNMR和13CNMR方法對PEFT共聚酯分子鏈中乙二醇單元中受苯環(huán)和呋喃環(huán)遠(yuǎn)程作用影響較大的兩個亞甲基上氫原子和碳原子的化學(xué)位移進(jìn)行了分析,研究了PEFT三元共聚物的組成、序列結(jié)構(gòu)和鏈段分布,進(jìn)而通過上述方法計算了PEFT共聚酯的無規(guī)度(B)值和數(shù)均序列長度(L)值,并且與聚對苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇嵌段共聚物和聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯&2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二酯的共混物的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比。
2.2.2聚對苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯嵌段共聚物的制備分別以對苯二甲酸(PTA)、2,5呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)、乙二醇(EG)為原料,采用直接酯化法,分別按照摩爾比為nPTA∶nEG=1∶1.6和nFDCA∶nEG=1∶1.6, 同時按照PTA或FDCA摩爾數(shù)的‰加入催化劑Ti(OC4H9)4,進(jìn)行兩個實驗A和B(實驗A為聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),實驗B為聚2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEF))。將A、B反應(yīng)在N2保護(hù)下分別逐步加熱到250 ℃,待反應(yīng)均一透明(酯化結(jié)束)后升溫至265 ℃進(jìn)行縮聚,A反應(yīng)60 min,B反應(yīng)180 min后,終止反應(yīng),取出產(chǎn)物,將其打碎混合均勻后,在攪拌下加熱到265 ℃再進(jìn)行縮聚4 h,得到聚對苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯嵌段共聚物。
2.2.3聚對苯二甲酸2,5呋喃二甲酸乙二醇共聚酯(PEFT)的提純分別稱取共聚酯1 g,溶于15 mL鄰氯苯酚,待完全溶解后,邊攪拌邊緩慢滴入150 mL甲醇中,離心分離,反復(fù)提純3次后放入真空烘箱80 ℃下干燥48 h,待測試。
2.2.4核磁共振分析(NMR, 600 MHz)
1HNMR核磁共振: 稱取樣品3~5 mg溶于0.5 mL CF3COOD中;13CNMR核磁共振: 稱取樣品30~35 mg溶于0.5 mL CF3COOD中,采用反轉(zhuǎn)門控去偶方法,在150.94 MHz下,采樣點數(shù)為20 k,采樣次數(shù)為7000,采樣間隔時間為6.7 s,譜寬為33 kHz測試樣品,通過亞甲基上H和C的化學(xué)位移及其相應(yīng)峰的積分面積計算無規(guī)度B值,研究序列結(jié)構(gòu)。采用高斯分峰法分峰,剪紙稱重法測量峰面積。所用紙張為硫化紙。
3結(jié)果與討論
綜上所述,1HNMR和13CNMR計算結(jié)果表明,共聚物鏈為無規(guī)共聚物的本質(zhì)。這與文獻(xiàn)所報道的PEFT共聚酯只有一個玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度,為無規(guī)共聚酯的結(jié)果一致。2,5呋喃二甲酸與對苯二甲酸在與乙二醇的親核取代反應(yīng)中活性相近。通過研究PEFT共聚酯的鏈結(jié)構(gòu),為今后PEFT共聚酯的制備及擴(kuò)大化生產(chǎn)提供了理論依據(jù)。
References
1HUANG Mei, HU GengYuan, FENG LinXian. Acta Plymerica Sinica, 1998, (11): 483-487
黃 梅, 胡耿源, 封麟先. 高分子學(xué)報, 1998, (11): 483-487
2DAI JunMing, ZHAO HuiPeng, LI Guang,YANG ShengLin, JIANG JianMing. Journal of Donghua University, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
戴鈞明, 趙輝鵬, 李 光, 楊勝林, 江建明. 東華大學(xué)學(xué)報, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
3GUO QingZhong, WANG HongHua, JING FengYing, CHEN TianLu. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2003, (2): 283-287
郭慶中, 王紅華, 景鳳英, 陳天祿. 高分子學(xué)報, 2003, (2): 283-287
4GUO BaoHua, HUI Ge, XU XiaoLin, XU Jun, SUN YuanBi. Chem. J. Chinese Universities, 2003, 24(12): 2312-2316
郭寶華, 慧 鴿, 徐曉琳, 徐 軍, 孫元碧. 高等學(xué)校化學(xué)學(xué)報, 2003, 24(12): 2312-2316
5CUI Jing, WANG ChaoSheng, WANG HuaPing, CHEN Ying, ZHANG YuMei. Synthetic Fiber in China, 2006, (9): 1-5
崔 晶, 王朝勝, 王華平, 陳 穎, 張玉梅. 合成纖維, 2006, (9): 1-5
6Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Neto C P, Sousa A F, Gomes M. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2009, 47: 295-298
7Gomes M, Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Reies B. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2011, 49: 3759-3768
8Ma J P, Pang Y, Wang M, Xu J, Ma B H, Nie X. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 3457-3461
9Sousa A F, Matos M, Freire C S R, Silvestre A J D, Coelho J F. Polymer, 2013, 54, 513-519
10Jiang M, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Ye C, Zhou G Y. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem, 2012, 50: 1026-1036
11LIU Qian, JIANG Min, ZHOU GuangYuan, ZHANG Qiang, YE Chong, AO YuHui. Chinese J. Appl. Chem., 2012, 29(7): 751-756
劉 茜, 姜 敏, 周光遠(yuǎn), 張 強(qiáng), 葉 沖, 熬玉輝. 應(yīng)用化學(xué), 2012, 29(7): 751-756
12JIANG Min, LIU Qian, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (1): 24-29
姜 敏, 劉 茜, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報, 2013, (1): 24-29
13JIANG Min, LU TingTing, JIANG GuoWei, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
姜 敏, 蘆婷婷, 姜國偉, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
14Jedlinski Z, Sek D, Dziewiecka B. European Polymer Journal, 1977, 13: 871-874
AbstractA series of poly(ethylene terephthalateCoethylene 2,5furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length (L), the degree of randomness (B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEFblockPET of B value was 0.577, and the PEFblendPET of B value was 0. It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1.012 based on the result of 1HNMR, and the value was 1.028 based on the result of 13CNMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.
KeywordsCopolyesters; Terephthalic acid; 2,5Furandicarboxylic acid; Sequence structure
6Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Neto C P, Sousa A F, Gomes M. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2009, 47: 295-298
7Gomes M, Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Reies B. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2011, 49: 3759-3768
8Ma J P, Pang Y, Wang M, Xu J, Ma B H, Nie X. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 3457-3461
9Sousa A F, Matos M, Freire C S R, Silvestre A J D, Coelho J F. Polymer, 2013, 54, 513-519
10Jiang M, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Ye C, Zhou G Y. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem, 2012, 50: 1026-1036
11LIU Qian, JIANG Min, ZHOU GuangYuan, ZHANG Qiang, YE Chong, AO YuHui. Chinese J. Appl. Chem., 2012, 29(7): 751-756
劉 茜, 姜 敏, 周光遠(yuǎn), 張 強(qiáng), 葉 沖, 熬玉輝. 應(yīng)用化學(xué), 2012, 29(7): 751-756
12JIANG Min, LIU Qian, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (1): 24-29
姜 敏, 劉 茜, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報, 2013, (1): 24-29
13JIANG Min, LU TingTing, JIANG GuoWei, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
姜 敏, 蘆婷婷, 姜國偉, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
14Jedlinski Z, Sek D, Dziewiecka B. European Polymer Journal, 1977, 13: 871-874
AbstractA series of poly(ethylene terephthalateCoethylene 2,5furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length (L), the degree of randomness (B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEFblockPET of B value was 0.577, and the PEFblendPET of B value was 0. It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1.012 based on the result of 1HNMR, and the value was 1.028 based on the result of 13CNMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.
KeywordsCopolyesters; Terephthalic acid; 2,5Furandicarboxylic acid; Sequence structure
6Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Neto C P, Sousa A F, Gomes M. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2009, 47: 295-298
7Gomes M, Gandini A, Silvester A J D, Reies B. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem., 2011, 49: 3759-3768
8Ma J P, Pang Y, Wang M, Xu J, Ma B H, Nie X. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 3457-3461
9Sousa A F, Matos M, Freire C S R, Silvestre A J D, Coelho J F. Polymer, 2013, 54, 513-519
10Jiang M, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Ye C, Zhou G Y. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem, 2012, 50: 1026-1036
11LIU Qian, JIANG Min, ZHOU GuangYuan, ZHANG Qiang, YE Chong, AO YuHui. Chinese J. Appl. Chem., 2012, 29(7): 751-756
劉 茜, 姜 敏, 周光遠(yuǎn), 張 強(qiáng), 葉 沖, 熬玉輝. 應(yīng)用化學(xué), 2012, 29(7): 751-756
12JIANG Min, LIU Qian, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (1): 24-29
姜 敏, 劉 茜, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報, 2013, (1): 24-29
13JIANG Min, LU TingTing, JIANG GuoWei, ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU GuangYuan. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
姜 敏, 蘆婷婷, 姜國偉, 張 強(qiáng), 周光遠(yuǎn). 高分子學(xué)報, 2013, (8): 1073-1079
14Jedlinski Z, Sek D, Dziewiecka B. European Polymer Journal, 1977, 13: 871-874
AbstractA series of poly(ethylene terephthalateCoethylene 2,5furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length (L), the degree of randomness (B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEFblockPET of B value was 0.577, and the PEFblendPET of B value was 0. It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1.012 based on the result of 1HNMR, and the value was 1.028 based on the result of 13CNMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.
KeywordsCopolyesters; Terephthalic acid; 2,5Furandicarboxylic acid; Sequence structure