祁艷霞等
摘要介孔材料由于其具有高度規(guī)則的孔徑結(jié)構(gòu)和一系列優(yōu)良的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),使其對復(fù)雜基質(zhì)中選擇性萃取低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽方面具有較大的優(yōu)勢和發(fā)展?jié)摿?。本研究采用共沉淀法結(jié)合后修飾法制備了一種介孔內(nèi)表面修飾反相苯基基團、外表面修飾烷基二醇基的硅基介孔材料,并對其結(jié)構(gòu)及選擇性富集性能進行了考察。傅立葉變換紅外光譜圖表明, 苯基和烷基二醇基成功修飾到介孔材料上; 萃取實驗結(jié)果表明, 內(nèi)外表面的雙重修飾使其對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)蛋白、人血漿等復(fù)雜樣品中低分子量蛋白質(zhì)(分子量小于10 kDa)具有良好的富集選擇性。
關(guān)鍵詞介孔二氧化硅; 內(nèi)外表面修飾; 選擇性富集; 低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽; 生物樣品預(yù)處理
1引言
低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽是一類重要的生物功能分子和疾病標(biāo)志物。從復(fù)雜的生物樣品,例如血漿或組織提取液中選擇性富集低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽意義重大。由于低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽在復(fù)雜生物樣品中一般豐度較低,在富集的過程中容易受到大量高豐度大分子量蛋白質(zhì)的干擾,富集的選擇性和回收率很難同時得到保證。因此,如何特異性、高效地從復(fù)雜生物樣品中富集低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽仍然是生物分離分析領(lǐng)域的一個難題。使用具有特定截留分子量過濾膜的超濾管對生物樣品進行超濾離心是選擇性富集低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽最常用的方法,在血清樣品低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽研究中被廣泛應(yīng)用\[1\]。超濾離心的缺點主要有兩方面,第一是隨著離心的進行,蛋白濃度急劇升高,大量高分子量蛋白質(zhì)會析出并堵塞超濾膜,降低超濾富集效率并延長了超濾時間;第二是低分子量污染物如鹽、變性劑(如SDS)等會被富集到低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽樣品中,在進行液相色譜和質(zhì)譜分析前必須進行樣品純化處理。限進鍵合相(Restrictedaccess medium, RAM)是一類新型尺寸排阻色譜填料,其外表面一般具有低吸附生物兼容性親水基團,如烷基二醇基、親水聚合物等,而內(nèi)表面一般具有高吸附疏水或離子交換等基團\[2,3\]。Hu等使用具有強陽離子交換(Strong cationexchange columns, SCX)性質(zhì)的RAM色譜柱對血清低分子量(<15000 Da)蛋白質(zhì)和多肽進行在線萃取,并使用不同鹽梯度進行了在線分級二維色譜分離,從20 μL血清中鑒定到了1286個內(nèi)源性多肽\[4\]。但是RAM材料價格昂貴,且沒有商品化填料出售,限制了其應(yīng)用。
介孔材料由于具有高的孔表面積,非常有序的孔結(jié)構(gòu),窄的孔尺寸分布以及相對高的化學(xué)和物理穩(wěn)定性,使其在分離科學(xué)中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用\[5,6\]。Tian等\[7\]應(yīng)用孔徑約為2 nm的MCM41介孔材料對血清中的低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽進行了選擇性富集。結(jié)果表明,介孔材料具有超濾離心和吸附富集方法的雙重優(yōu)點,規(guī)則的孔道結(jié)構(gòu)對高分子量蛋白質(zhì)進行高效排出,超過90%的表面積為介孔內(nèi)部表面積,為進入孔道內(nèi)部的低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽提供了充分的吸附面積。實驗證明MCM41介孔材料對血漿中分子量低于12000 Da的蛋白質(zhì)和多肽具有良好的富集選擇性。然而,二氧化硅介孔材料內(nèi)外表面都存在硅羥基,雖然內(nèi)表面面積顯著大于外表面,但是外表面對蛋白分子的吸附在動力學(xué)上更快,而高分子量蛋白的吸附不僅降低了材料對低分子量蛋白質(zhì)的富集選擇性而且會形成空間位阻效應(yīng),阻礙低分子量蛋白質(zhì)進入材料內(nèi)部孔道,從而降低了材料的富集效率;此外,其內(nèi)表面對低分子量蛋白質(zhì)的吸附是基于硅氧橋鍵反相和硅羥基離子交換的混合作用,吸附容量有限, 且使用有機溶劑洗脫時很難得到較高的洗脫效率,影響了材料的富集效率和回收率。因此,對二氧化硅介孔材料進行內(nèi)外表面化學(xué)修飾,提高富集選擇性,降低非特異性吸附,并提高洗脫效率,是將其應(yīng)用到實際復(fù)雜生物樣品分析的重要前提。
本研究組采用烷基二醇基修飾了二氧化硅介孔材料外表面,提高了富集低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽的效率和特異性。此外,制備了介孔內(nèi)表面修飾疏水性乙烯基,外表面修飾烷基二醇基的二氧化硅介孔材料,進一步提高了萃取多肽樣品的洗脫效率\[9\]。為了進一步增強二氧化硅介孔材料內(nèi)表面對低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽樣品的選擇性富集能力,本研究在介孔材料內(nèi)表面修飾了反相苯基基團, 外表面所修飾烷基二醇基。結(jié)果表明,苯基被成功引入MCM41內(nèi)表面,該材料對低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽表現(xiàn)出良好的萃取效率。
33標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品富集
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)蛋白質(zhì)和多肽混合物與材料Alkyldiol@phenylSiO2混合富集后,采用50%乙腈溶液(01% TFA)洗脫,洗脫液直接進行質(zhì)譜分析。圖2是樣品原液、富集后洗脫液及上清液的質(zhì)譜圖。通過Alkyldiol@phenylSiO2材料萃取后BSA酶解肽段和胰島素的質(zhì)譜檢測信號得到了極大增強,富集倍數(shù)約為30倍。同時細(xì)胞色素C(MW=124 kDa)的檢測信號不明顯,變?yōu)樵芤旱?/5左右。這說明由于該介孔材料的孔徑尺寸排阻作用,對于分子量小于10 kDa的多肽和蛋白質(zhì)分子有很強的富集作用。此外,在處理后的上清液中,只出現(xiàn)了較弱的BSA酶切肽段的峰。這說明Alkyldiol@phenylSiO2材料具有較強的富集效率和吸附容量。
34血漿中低分子蛋白質(zhì)和多肽的富集
在復(fù)雜生物樣品如血漿中,低分子量多肽和蛋白質(zhì)的富集受到大量高豐度高分子量蛋白質(zhì)的影響, 這一直是一個難點??疾炝薃lkyldiol@phenylSiO2材料對于血漿中低分子量多肽和蛋白質(zhì)的富集能力。結(jié)果表明,Alkyldiol@phenylSiO2材料可以有效排除血漿中高分子量蛋白質(zhì)的干擾,并且選擇性萃取低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽(圖3)。在血漿萃取液中,在分子量范圍080~10 kDa中質(zhì)譜檢測到多個低分子量蛋白質(zhì)和多肽, 而在分子量范圍10~90 kDa中基本檢測不到高分子量蛋白質(zhì), 說明Alkyldiol@phenylSiO2材料在復(fù)雜生物液體中對分子量低于10 kDa的蛋白質(zhì)和多肽具有較好的選擇性。這也與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品的分析結(jié)果吻合。
AbstractSelective extraction of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins and peptides from complex biological samples plays an important role in the discovery of useful biomarkers and signaling molecules It is demonstrated that the unique pore structure of mesoporous material makes it efficient to enrich LMW proteins and peptides from complex matrixes In this study, a mesoporous material, alkyldiol@phenylSiO2, with modified exterior (alkyldiol group) and interior (phenyl group) surfaces, was synthesized by cocondensation and postgrafting, and its characteristic was evaluated by FTIR and MS The LMW proteins and peptides enriched by the alkyldiol@phenylSiO2 mesoporous material could be easily eluted by organic solvents, which was compatible with the following detection by mass spectrometry (MS) This new mesoporous material exhibited good selectivity for the extraction of LMW proteins and peptides (less than 10 kDa) from complex biological samples
KeywordsMesoporous silica; Interior and external modification; Selective extraction; Low molecular weight protein; Biological samples preparation
AbstractSelective extraction of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins and peptides from complex biological samples plays an important role in the discovery of useful biomarkers and signaling molecules It is demonstrated that the unique pore structure of mesoporous material makes it efficient to enrich LMW proteins and peptides from complex matrixes In this study, a mesoporous material, alkyldiol@phenylSiO2, with modified exterior (alkyldiol group) and interior (phenyl group) surfaces, was synthesized by cocondensation and postgrafting, and its characteristic was evaluated by FTIR and MS The LMW proteins and peptides enriched by the alkyldiol@phenylSiO2 mesoporous material could be easily eluted by organic solvents, which was compatible with the following detection by mass spectrometry (MS) This new mesoporous material exhibited good selectivity for the extraction of LMW proteins and peptides (less than 10 kDa) from complex biological samples
KeywordsMesoporous silica; Interior and external modification; Selective extraction; Low molecular weight protein; Biological samples preparation
AbstractSelective extraction of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins and peptides from complex biological samples plays an important role in the discovery of useful biomarkers and signaling molecules It is demonstrated that the unique pore structure of mesoporous material makes it efficient to enrich LMW proteins and peptides from complex matrixes In this study, a mesoporous material, alkyldiol@phenylSiO2, with modified exterior (alkyldiol group) and interior (phenyl group) surfaces, was synthesized by cocondensation and postgrafting, and its characteristic was evaluated by FTIR and MS The LMW proteins and peptides enriched by the alkyldiol@phenylSiO2 mesoporous material could be easily eluted by organic solvents, which was compatible with the following detection by mass spectrometry (MS) This new mesoporous material exhibited good selectivity for the extraction of LMW proteins and peptides (less than 10 kDa) from complex biological samples
KeywordsMesoporous silica; Interior and external modification; Selective extraction; Low molecular weight protein; Biological samples preparation