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維尼非林藥理活性研究進(jìn)展

2014-03-22 00:55龔福愷孔慶軍王曉琴李照雪
關(guān)鍵詞:反式白藜蘆醇抗氧化

龔福愷,孔慶軍,王曉琴,李照雪,張 波

(石河子大學(xué)1.藥學(xué)院,2.省部共建新疆特種資源植物藥重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,3.生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,新疆石河子 832002)

維尼非林藥理活性研究進(jìn)展

龔福愷1,2,孔慶軍3,王曉琴1,李照雪1,張 波1,2

(石河子大學(xué)1.藥學(xué)院,2.省部共建新疆特種資源植物藥重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,3.生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,新疆石河子 832002)

維尼非林(viniferin)是白藜蘆醇寡聚體的總稱(chēng),其作為植保素存在于豆科、蓼科、葡萄科、毛茛科和龍腦香科等植物中,并承擔(dān)抗菌、抗真菌和病毒侵染以及紫外損傷等生理功能。維尼非林具有抗氧化、抗病原微生物、抗炎和抗腫瘤等藥理活性,且對(duì)心腦血管和神經(jīng)退行性疾病具有改善和防治作用。本文對(duì)近年維尼非林藥理活性研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述,為其藥物開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用提供參考。

維尼非林;藥理作用

維尼非林(viniferin)是植物茋類(lèi)化合物的一種,為苯丙酸途徑下游的次級(jí)代謝產(chǎn)物,是指具有1,2-二苯乙烯骨架的單體及其聚合物的總稱(chēng),其以白藜蘆醇的二聚體和三聚體形式通過(guò)脫氫聚合而成。維尼非林多以反式白藜蘆醇為基本單元的低聚體類(lèi)似物存在于植物中。天然的維尼非林是繼白藜蘆醇之后,新發(fā)現(xiàn)的源于白藜蘆醇而作用又高于白藜蘆醇的化合物,是植物受到病原體侵染或逆境脅迫時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的一類(lèi)植保素,當(dāng)植物受到病原體〔灰霉葡萄孢 (Botrytis cinerea)和葡萄霜霉病(Plasmopara viticola)〕侵染[1-2]、化學(xué)污染(鋁劑)[3-4]或外界刺激時(shí)如臭氧、紫外線(xiàn)照射和H2O2等,植物體內(nèi)維尼非林等茋類(lèi)化合物的含量顯著升高[5-7]。近年來(lái),又相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)其抗氧化、抗腫瘤、心血管和神經(jīng)保護(hù)等作用。本文主要綜述近年來(lái)維尼非林的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其藥理活性,為其深入研究提供參考。

1 天然維尼非林的發(fā)現(xiàn)

目前,在藥學(xué)領(lǐng)域研究較多的維尼非林主要有二聚體ε-維尼非林,ω-維尼非林和δ-維尼非林以及三聚體α-維尼非林的順式和反式異構(gòu)體。Langcake等[8]將從葡萄科植物(Vitis vinifera L.)中分離得到的一類(lèi)植物抗毒素命名為維尼非林,并在UV-C照射過(guò)的葡萄離體葉片和灰葡萄孢侵染的葡萄葉片中首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了白藜蘆醇二聚體反式ε-維尼非林,并得到三聚體α-維尼非林和四聚體γ-維尼非林等(圖1)。此后,越來(lái)越多的研究者開(kāi)始關(guān)注植物中的維尼非林,又發(fā)現(xiàn)了γ-2-維尼非林。

已有研究表明,葡萄植株感染灰霉病和赭曲霉毒素A后,植株內(nèi)會(huì)產(chǎn)生具有抗病抗菌作用的反式δ-維尼非林、反式ε-維尼非林和白藜蘆醇[9-10]。與此同時(shí),也不斷從植物中提取分離到維尼非林,增加了維尼非林這種植保素的來(lái)源。目前,維尼非林已可以從多種植物中分離,如豆科(Leguminosae)的槐屬(Sophora Linn.)等、蓼科(Polygonaceae)的大黃屬(Rheum L.)等、葡萄科(Vitaceae)的葡萄屬(Vitis L.)、毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)的芍藥屬(Paeonia L.)和鐵線(xiàn)蓮屬(Clematis L.)、龍腦香科(Dipterocarpaceae)的杯裂香屬(Cotylelobium)、青梅屬(Vatica)、坡壘屬(Hopea)和娑羅雙屬(Shorea)以及買(mǎi)麻藤科(Gnetaceae Lindl.)的買(mǎi)麻藤屬(Gnetum L.)等(表1)。

2 維尼非林的藥理活性

2.1 維尼非林結(jié)構(gòu)特征與抗氧化作用

多羥基茋類(lèi)化合物大多具有抗氧化作用。一方面,作為體外抗氧化劑;另一方面,由于許多疾病與細(xì)胞有氧呼吸中產(chǎn)生的活性氧有關(guān),多羥基茋類(lèi)化合物更多用于體內(nèi)抗氧化活性的研究。維尼非林結(jié)構(gòu)上具有酚羥基和不飽和雙鍵,所以推斷維尼非林是潛在的天然抗氧化藥物。目前,關(guān)于維尼非林體內(nèi)外抗氧化作用的研究中,反式ε-維尼非林的研究較多且深入,其抗氧化作用更明顯。

圖1 天然維尼非林的結(jié)構(gòu)式.A:白藜蘆醇;B:ε-維尼非林;C:ω-維尼非林;D:δ-維尼非林;E:α-維尼非林;F:β-維尼非林〔坡壘苯酚(hopeaphenol)〕;G:γ-維尼非林;H:γ-2-維尼非林.

表1 天然維尼非林的植物來(lái)源

2.1.1 維尼非林體外清除自由基的作用

通過(guò)植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑處理的葡萄植株可產(chǎn)生具有抗氧化作用的反式ε-維尼非林和白皮杉醇。反式ε-維尼非林和δ-維尼非林分別表現(xiàn)出不同的抗氧化作用,反式ε-維尼非林對(duì)二甲亞砜溶液中的超氧陰離子有抗氧化作用(半數(shù)抑制濃度IC50=0.14 mmol·L-1),而δ-維尼非林則在油/水過(guò)氧化自由基系統(tǒng)中表現(xiàn)出最大抗氧化活性,能夠使β-胡蘿卜素的漂白率被抑制82%[36-37]。通過(guò)化學(xué)密度泛函理論計(jì)算,順式ε-維尼非林抗氧化能力弱于反式[38]。Toda等[39]發(fā)現(xiàn),從砂生槐中分離得到的α-維尼非林具有羥自由基清除能力。γ-2-維尼非林對(duì)自由基在2,2′-連氮基-雙-(3-乙 基苯并二 氫 噻 唑 啉-6-磺酸) (ABTS+)中有很強(qiáng)的清除能力(總抗氧化能力TEAC值=5.57 μmol·L-1),可抑制大豆脂肪氧合酶活性(IC50=6.39 μmol·L-1)[40]。

2.1.2 維尼非林體內(nèi)抗氧化作用

反式ε-維尼非林作用于卵母細(xì)胞后可降低卵母細(xì)胞凋亡率,使得卵母細(xì)胞內(nèi)谷胱甘肽合成增加,活性氧水平降低[41]。體外實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,反式ε-維尼非林還可通過(guò)降低脂肪氧合酶活性 (IC50=6.7 μmol·L-1)[42],明顯抑制脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化反應(yīng)[43]。反式ε-維尼非林對(duì)低、高密度脂蛋白氧化均有抑制作用,而對(duì)高密度脂蛋白氧化的抑制作用更明顯[44]。Zghonda等[45]研究了反式ε-維尼非林對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的抗氧化作用,發(fā)現(xiàn)這種抗氧化作用是通過(guò)蛋白激酶B,p38絲裂原活化蛋白激酶和細(xì)胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶1/2途徑使核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子相關(guān)因子2分子積累并轉(zhuǎn)錄,從而增加細(xì)胞內(nèi)抗氧化酶和血紅素氧合酶1來(lái)完成的。

2.2 抗病原微生物作用

植保素是植物受病原微生物侵害時(shí)自身產(chǎn)生的一類(lèi)起防衛(wèi)作用的化合物。植保素在植物的抗病過(guò)程中發(fā)揮相當(dāng)重要的作用。維尼非林作為植保素的一種,其抗動(dòng)、植物病原微生物作用一直被研究者所關(guān)注。

2.2.1 抗細(xì)菌和抗真菌作用

維尼非林中ε-維尼非林的抗病原微生物作用較為明顯。Yuk等[46]報(bào)道,反式ε-維尼非林對(duì)細(xì)菌唾液酸苷酶具有抑制作用(IC50=24.4 μmol·L-1)。Verhagen等[47]報(bào)道,成團(tuán)泛菌(Pa-AF2)、枯草芽孢桿菌(Bs-271)、魯氏不動(dòng)桿菌(Al-113)和熒光假單胞桿菌(Pf-CT2)誘導(dǎo)的葡萄植株可產(chǎn)生防御灰霉病的反式白藜蘆醇和反式ε-維尼非林。不同品系葡萄感染霜霉后,在霜霉病的初期階段大量的茋類(lèi)化合物顯著增加,其中包括δ-維尼非林[48]。植株遭受不同病菌侵染時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的維尼非林種類(lèi)不同,發(fā)揮的抗逆性也不同。

ε-維尼非林是抑制假單孢菌屬生物膜的化合物之一,反式ε-維尼非林22 μmol·L-1可抑制腸出血性大腸桿菌 O157∶H7生物膜形成,抑制率達(dá)到98%[49-50]。Yim等[51]報(bào)道,山葡萄中提取的反式ε-維尼非林可有效抑制口腔變形鏈球菌和血鏈球菌(MIC=55和27.5 μmol·L-1)。

2.2.2 抗炎作用

Lee等[52]報(bào)道,α-維尼非林對(duì)前列腺素H2合酶有抑制作用(IC50=7 μmol·L-1),相同濃度下其抑制作用是白藜蘆醇的3~4倍。在完全弗氏佐劑型關(guān)節(jié)炎模型中,α-維尼非林 3~10 mg·kg-1可明顯抑制炎癥反應(yīng)[53]。膠原誘導(dǎo)型關(guān)節(jié)炎模型中,α-維尼非林對(duì)環(huán)氧合酶2(cyclooxygenase 2,COX-2)有較強(qiáng)抑制作用(IC50=4.9 μmol·L-1),但是對(duì)COX-1抑制較弱 (IC50=100 μmol·L-1)。同時(shí)α-維尼非林3~10 μmol·L-1能抑制脂多糖活化的小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞COX-2的轉(zhuǎn)錄,抑制誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物的合成(IC50=4.7 μmol·L-1),減少一氧化氮的產(chǎn)生[54]。Chung等[55]報(bào)道,α-維尼非林在低濃度時(shí)(3 μmol·L-1)抑制細(xì)胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)及轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子1(signal transducer and activation of transcription-1,STAT-1)絲氨酸(727)磷酸化,而在高濃度時(shí)(10 μmol·L-1)才抑制磷酸化蛋白酪氨酸激酶2介導(dǎo) STAT-1酪氨酸(701) 磷酸化,下調(diào)炎癥相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)。α-維尼非林可通過(guò)激活核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子相關(guān)因子2,同時(shí)抑制磷脂酰肌醇3激酶,最終減少一氧化氮產(chǎn)生,發(fā)揮抗炎作用[17]。Wang等[56]報(bào)道,小葉葡萄中提取的反式 ε-維尼非林具有抗炎作用。Zhang等[57]報(bào)道,反式ε-維尼非林在220 μmol·L-1時(shí)對(duì)COX-1和COX-2活性的抑制率分別達(dá)到99%和47%。綜上所述,維尼非林作用于細(xì)胞不同途徑和不同靶點(diǎn),但最終是通過(guò)抑制COX-1,COX-2和誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶活性,而發(fā)揮抗炎作用。

2.3 抗腫瘤作用

近年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),維尼非林對(duì)白血病細(xì)胞HL-60,乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7,結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HCT-116,HT-29和Caco-2,肝癌細(xì)胞HepG2,宮頸癌細(xì)胞HeLa等具有抗腫瘤作用[59-68]。Kulanthaivel等[58]報(bào)道,α-維尼非林可抑制人乳腺癌細(xì)胞MCF-7增殖(IC50=3.6 μmol·L-1),對(duì)蛋白激酶C具有抑制作用,可抑制全血中自由基的釋放(IC50=47 μmol·L-1)。González-Sarrías等[59]報(bào)道,α-維尼非林對(duì)正常人結(jié)腸細(xì)胞CCD-18Co無(wú)抑制作用,但在6~32 μmol·L-1對(duì)人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞HCT-116,HT-29和Caco-2的抑制作用具有時(shí)間效應(yīng)和濃度效應(yīng)關(guān)系,20 μmol·L-1時(shí)導(dǎo)致S期阻滯并引起細(xì)胞凋亡。ε-維尼非林對(duì)骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤、人宮頸癌、人乳腺癌、人肝癌和結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞均具有抑制作用。反式ε-維尼非林對(duì)U266,RPMI8226,Jurkat,K562,U937,HeLa,MCF-7,HepG2和HT-29細(xì)胞的半數(shù)抑制率分別為30.8,45.7,83.5,39.3,20.4,47.3,103.9,167.6和198.5 μmol·L-1,與長(zhǎng)春新堿聯(lián)用后可增強(qiáng)長(zhǎng)春新堿對(duì)HepG2的抗腫瘤作用[60]。順式ε-維尼非林對(duì)HeLa,MCF-7,HepG2和HT-29細(xì)胞的半數(shù)抑制率分別為135.8,28.4,106.1和66.9 μmol·L-1[61-62]。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),反式ε-維尼非林能夠抑制多發(fā)性骨髓瘤細(xì)胞U266生長(zhǎng),阻滯于G2/M期,同時(shí)通過(guò)與Fas/FasL的相互作用,活化細(xì)胞內(nèi)胱天蛋白酶,引發(fā)細(xì)胞凋亡[62]。ε-維尼非林還可通過(guò)抑制腫瘤血管新生達(dá)到抗腫瘤作用[63]。Empl等[64]研究了γ-2-維尼非林對(duì)犬成膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞D-GBM增殖的抑制作用,結(jié)果表明,γ-2-維尼非林可抑制D-GBM細(xì)胞增殖,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡,增加細(xì)胞內(nèi)胱天蛋白酶3、胱天蛋白酶7和胱天蛋白酶9的表達(dá)。γ-2-維尼非林抑制D-GBM細(xì)胞增殖的作用強(qiáng)于白藜蘆醇。

α-維尼非林和ε-維尼非林對(duì)早幼粒細(xì)胞白血病HL-60細(xì)胞增殖具有抑制作用(IC50分別為5.94和33 μmol·L-1)[65-66]。α-維尼非林可引起HL-60細(xì)胞凋亡,胱天蛋白酶3、胱天蛋白酶8和胱天蛋白酶9表達(dá)增加,染色質(zhì)濃縮,DNA片段化[67]。Quiney等[68]報(bào)道,ε-維尼非林可促使B細(xì)胞白血病細(xì)胞和B細(xì)胞慢性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病細(xì)胞凋亡,乙酰化ε-維尼非林對(duì)B細(xì)胞白血病細(xì)胞凋亡的促進(jìn)作用更加顯著(IC50=6.7 μmol·L-1),這種促凋亡作用是由于細(xì)胞內(nèi)誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶表達(dá)降低,內(nèi)源性一氧化氮產(chǎn)生減少所致。

在腫瘤治療中抗腫瘤藥物的耐藥性已成為臨床治療的一大難題。多耐藥相關(guān)蛋白1與多種腫瘤耐藥性有關(guān)。Bobrowska-H?gerstrand等[69]報(bào)道,α-維尼非林和反式ε-維尼非林抑制多藥耐藥相關(guān)蛋白1,可調(diào)控2′,7′-二(3-羧丙基)-5(6)-羧基-熒光素在完整細(xì)胞和紅細(xì)胞內(nèi)外囊泡模型中的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。由此表明,維尼非林能有效地抑制多藥耐藥相關(guān)蛋白1調(diào)節(jié)的有機(jī)陰離子運(yùn)輸,從而減少腫瘤耐藥性的產(chǎn)生。

由此可以看出,維尼非林中 α-維尼非林和ε-維尼非林的抗腫瘤活性更為明顯,其預(yù)防和抗腫瘤作用并不是單一途徑或單一靶點(diǎn),此類(lèi)化合物為天然抗腫瘤藥物的開(kāi)發(fā)提供了相關(guān)線(xiàn)索[71]。

2.4 心血管保護(hù)作用

Zghonda等[72]報(bào)道,反式ε-維尼非林對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的保護(hù)作用強(qiáng)于白藜蘆醇單體,反式ε-維尼非林對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的保護(hù)作用是由于一氧化氮的生成使血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖,并減少細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧產(chǎn)生使細(xì)胞免受氧化應(yīng)激影響。給予自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠的反式ε-維尼非林(5 mg·kg-1)3周,可明顯降低血管舒張壓,減輕心臟負(fù)荷。Lin等[73]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),反式ε-維尼非林具有抗血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶和舒張血管的作用。這些結(jié)果表明,ε-維尼非林對(duì)心血管具有一定的保護(hù)作用。

2.5 防治神經(jīng)退行性疾病

神經(jīng)退行性疾病是大腦和脊髓細(xì)胞神經(jīng)元衰老死亡的疾病,包括帕金森病和阿爾茨海默病等。Chowdhury等[70]和Rivière等[74]分別報(bào)道,ε-維尼非林糖苷、反式ε-維尼非林和ω-維尼非林對(duì)β淀粉樣蛋白(amyloid β protein,Aβ)沉積有抑制作用。Aβ1-40和Aβ1-42能夠誘導(dǎo)交感神經(jīng)細(xì)胞瘤 PC12細(xì)胞的死亡。Richard等[75-76]報(bào)道,ε-維尼非林糖苷分子與Aβ1-40特征區(qū)域之間會(huì)形成阻礙聚集的復(fù)合物,同時(shí) ε-維尼非林糖苷能有效抑制體外全長(zhǎng)Aβ1-40和Aβ1-42沉積。

Kim等[77]和Jeong等[78]分別報(bào)道,γ-2-維尼非林和反式ε-維尼非林抑制谷氨酸誘導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)元死亡、細(xì)胞內(nèi)Ca2+濃度升高及細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧產(chǎn)生,改變神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞內(nèi)凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá),從而對(duì)缺血性腦損傷的神經(jīng)起到保護(hù)作用。Fu等[79]研究報(bào)道,反式ε-維尼非林具有一定的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用,在亨廷頓病中能減少亨廷頓病突變引起的線(xiàn)粒體乙?;?的消耗,對(duì)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞起到保護(hù)作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),反式ε-維尼非林抑制神經(jīng)突觸對(duì)去甲腎上腺素(IC50=3.64 μmol·L-1)和5-羥色胺(IC50=30.41 μmol·L-1)的攝取,抑制單胺氧化酶的活性[80]。同樣,α-維尼非林對(duì)5-羥色胺受體有明顯拮抗作用,可能是通過(guò)細(xì)胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶1/2下調(diào)5-羥色胺受體的活性發(fā)揮的[81]。Sung等[14]研究報(bào)道,α-維尼非林對(duì)乙酰膽堿酯酶有濃度依賴(lài)性的抑制作用(IC50=115.8 μmol·L-1),其抑制作用是特定、可逆和非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的,被認(rèn)為是治療阿爾茨海默病的潛在天然藥物。

2.6 其他藥理作用

近年來(lái),隨著維尼非林研究的不斷深入,維尼非林的其他藥理作用不斷被發(fā)現(xiàn)。Oshima等[82]報(bào)道,ε-維尼非林30 mg·kg-1可有效保護(hù)CCl4引起的小鼠肝損傷,認(rèn)為ε-維尼非林可作為潛在的保肝護(hù)肝藥物進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)。ε-維尼非林和γ-2-維尼非林被認(rèn)為是很好的囊性纖維跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)抑制劑,可抑制囊性纖維跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)介導(dǎo)的氯離子的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),并呈劑量依賴(lài)性[83]。此外,反式ε-維尼非林[84]和α-維尼非林[85]還具有降糖作用。

3 展望

維尼非林作為一大類(lèi)以白藜蘆醇低聚形式存在的天然產(chǎn)物,具有相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量大、含量低、活性高和安全性較好等特點(diǎn)。近年來(lái),雖通過(guò)多種實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P桶l(fā)現(xiàn)了維尼非林的藥理作用,但對(duì)于維尼非林各種生物效應(yīng)的具體分子機(jī)制尚不完全明確。從這類(lèi)化合物結(jié)構(gòu)共性來(lái)看,其抗炎、抗腫瘤和抗氧化等活性均與調(diào)節(jié)生物氧化還原平衡狀態(tài)有關(guān),提示其與白藜蘆醇具有相似之處。因此,深入研究維尼非林的化學(xué)、生物活性和氧化還原的作用機(jī)制,可能是其藥理作用機(jī)制的突破點(diǎn),也將會(huì)為其臨床應(yīng)用提供新的理論依據(jù)。

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Advances in pharmacoIogicaI activities of viniferin

GONG Fu-kai1,2,KONG Qing-jun3,WANG Xiao-qin1,LI Zhao-xue1,ZHANG Bo1,2
(1.School of Pharmaceutics,2.Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources,Ministry of Education,3.School of Life Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi832002,China)

Viniferin is the generic term of oligomers of resveratrol,which acts as phytoalexin in Leguminosae,Polygonaceae,Vitaceae,Ranunculaceae,Dipterocarpaceae and other plants.Viniferin plays important physiological roles in protecting against UV damage and resisting bacterial fungal and viral infection in plants.Nevertheless,these oligomers have shown various pharmacological activities including antioxidative activities,anti-pathogenic,anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.This paper review the recent advances in research of viniferins microbes to show their key pharmaceutical activities for pharmaceutic references.

viniferin;pharmacological actions

ZHANG Bo,E-mail:bozhang_lzu@126.com,Tel:(0993)2057670

R285

:A

:1000-3002(2014)06-0914-09

10.3867/j.issn.1000-3002.2014.06.015

Foundation item:The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160058);National Natural Science Foundation of China(21362028);and the Key Areas of Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps(2014BA029)

2014-04-23 接受日期:2014-10-14)

(本文編輯:齊春會(huì))

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31160058);國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(21362028);新疆兵團(tuán)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(2014BA029)

龔福愷 (1989-),男,碩士研究生,主要從事抗腫瘤藥理學(xué)研究,E-mail:gfkfk@163.com

張 波,E-mail:bozhang_lzu@126.com,Tel:(0993)2057670

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