王菁卓,姚旭哲,李斌,潘一龍,李曉東
(中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,沈陽(yáng)110004)
血管緊張素Ⅱ?qū)Υ笫笱芷交〖?xì)胞T型鈣通道及其信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的影響
王菁卓,姚旭哲,李斌,潘一龍,李曉東
(中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,沈陽(yáng)110004)
目的研究血管緊張素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)對(duì)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞Cav3.1表達(dá)的影響及其作用機(jī)制。方法酶消化法原代培養(yǎng)大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管平滑肌細(xì)胞,應(yīng)用第5代傳代細(xì)胞,實(shí)驗(yàn)隨機(jī)分為7組:對(duì)照組(不加任何藥物)、AngⅡ組[加入AngⅡ(0.1 μmol/L)培養(yǎng)24 h]、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀組[加入氯沙坦鉀(1 μmol/L)培養(yǎng)1 h,再加入AngⅡ(0.1μmol/L)共同培養(yǎng)24 h]、AngⅡ+PD98059組[加入PD98059(10 μmol/L)預(yù)刺激1 h,再加入AngⅡ(0.1 μmol/L)共同培養(yǎng)24 h]、PD98059組[加入PD98059(10 μmol/L)培養(yǎng)1 h]、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀+PD98059組[先加入氯沙坦鉀(1 μmol/L),PD98059(10 μmol/L)培養(yǎng)1 h,再加入AngⅡ(0.1 μmol/L)共同培養(yǎng)24 h]、氯沙坦鉀組[加入氯沙坦鉀(1 μmol/L)培養(yǎng)4 h]。RT-PCR、Western blot方法測(cè)定各組T型鈣通道的表達(dá)。結(jié)果PCR結(jié)果顯示:與對(duì)照組(1.000±0.315)比較,AngⅡ組Cav3.1表達(dá)量(17.930±0.954)明顯增加(P<0.01);PD98059組、氯沙坦鉀組Cav3.1表達(dá)量為0.928±0.262、0.978±0.292,與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀組、AngⅡ+PD98059組、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀+PD98059組的Cav3.1表達(dá)量分別為0.125±0.007、0.066±0.015、0.109±0.018,明顯低于AngⅡ組(P<0.01)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示:與對(duì)照組比較,AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀組、AngⅡ+PD98059組及AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀+PD98059組Cav3.1蛋白表達(dá)明顯降低(P<0.05);而PD98059組及氯沙坦鉀組Cav3.1蛋白表達(dá)與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論AngⅡ通過(guò)Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2路徑增加血管平滑肌細(xì)胞Cav3.1的表達(dá)。
T型鈣通道;Cav3.1;血管平滑肌細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞增殖;血管緊張素Ⅱ
血管緊張素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)作為腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)中一個(gè)非常重要的肽類激素,參與了體內(nèi)多種重要的病理生理過(guò)程,包括高血壓、動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及支架內(nèi)再狹窄[1~4]等。這些病理生理的過(guò)程均與AngⅡ促進(jìn)血管平滑肌的生長(zhǎng)及增殖效應(yīng)有關(guān)。既往的許多研究表明鈣離子作為調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞生理功能的重要信號(hào)分子具有多種功能,例如細(xì)胞增殖、分化、分泌及細(xì)胞遷移等[5]。早期對(duì)于血管平滑肌細(xì)胞致血管性疾病的研究主要集中在收縮相關(guān)蛋白的基因調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制上,近來(lái)則側(cè)重于離子通道,特別是鈣離子通道的改變機(jī)制上。目前發(fā)現(xiàn)分布在血管平滑肌上的鈣通道有2種,即L型鈣通道和T型鈣通道[6]。關(guān)于L型鈣通道在平滑肌細(xì)胞中病理生理學(xué)作用的研究目前已經(jīng)趨于完善,已有研究[7]表明,L型鈣通道在增殖或受損傷血管內(nèi)的平滑肌細(xì)胞是減少的。還有研究[8]發(fā)現(xiàn),在動(dòng)脈硬化血管中,平滑肌細(xì)胞的L型鈣通道不僅減少,而且伴隨著表達(dá)的變異。人們?cè)谘芯縇型鈣通道的同時(shí),也發(fā)現(xiàn)了T型鈣通道的表達(dá)在增殖型血管平滑肌細(xì)胞中是增加的,許多研究也表明T型鈣通道與細(xì)胞周期的調(diào)控有著密切的聯(lián)系[9,10],這提示T型鈣通道可能與細(xì)胞增殖有關(guān)。最近的研究直接表明:T型鈣通道參與肺動(dòng)脈平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖的調(diào)控[10],這提示在血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的增殖過(guò)程中,T通道是必不可少的,但需要更多的證據(jù)。AngⅡ作為心血管事件鏈中的“罪魁禍?zhǔn)住本哂袕?qiáng)大的誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞增殖的能力,但機(jī)制目前尚未完全闡述。趙亞麗等初次闡明了AngⅡ誘導(dǎo)平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖相對(duì)完整的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑[11],這與Ferron等[12]發(fā)現(xiàn)的AngⅡ誘導(dǎo)心肌細(xì)胞T型鈣通道重新表達(dá)的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑有著驚人的相似,但是目前對(duì)于AngⅡ?qū)ζ交〖?xì)胞中T型鈣通道的作用及其調(diào)控尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本研究就“AngⅡ通過(guò)Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2路徑增加血管平滑肌細(xì)胞T型鈣通道的表達(dá)”這一假設(shè)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
1.1 動(dòng)物
SPF級(jí)Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,雄性,6~8周齡,體質(zhì)量160~180g,由中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心提供,適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)7 d后處死。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法:(1)應(yīng)用酶消化法原代培養(yǎng)大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管平滑肌細(xì)胞;(2)分組:培養(yǎng)的血管平滑肌細(xì)胞胰酶消化脫壁后,充分混合,隨機(jī)分為7組:對(duì)照組(不加任何藥物)、AngⅡ組(加入0.1 μmol/L AngⅡ培養(yǎng)24 h)、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀組(加入1 μmol/L氯沙坦鉀培養(yǎng)1 h,再加入0.1 μmol/L AngⅡ共同培養(yǎng)24 h)、AngⅡ+PD98059組(加入10 μ mol/L PD98059預(yù)刺激1 h,再加入0.1 μmol/L AngⅡ共同培養(yǎng)24 h)、PD98059組(加入10 μmol/L PD98059培養(yǎng)1 h)、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀+PD98059組(先加入1 μmol/L氯沙坦鉀,10 μmol/L PD98059培養(yǎng)1 h,再加入0.1 μmol/L AngⅡ共同培養(yǎng)24 h)、氯沙坦鉀組(加入1 μmol/L氯沙坦鉀培養(yǎng)4 h);(3)RT-PCR、Western blot法檢測(cè)血管平滑肌中Cav3.1的表達(dá),所有操作步驟均按說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行。
1.2.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與鑒定:細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)參照文獻(xiàn)[13]進(jìn)行。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1 大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞鑒定
大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的鑒定在倒置相差顯微鏡下觀察,血管平滑肌細(xì)胞呈梭形或多邊形,核呈橢圓形或,胞質(zhì)均質(zhì),有時(shí)可見(jiàn)核仁,細(xì)胞可重疊生長(zhǎng)達(dá)多層,高低起伏,呈典型的“峰-谷”樣生長(zhǎng)。經(jīng)平滑肌細(xì)胞特異性α-SMA免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)染色,陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)中有棕黃色顆粒,陽(yáng)性率約為95%,見(jiàn)圖1。
2.2 RT-PCR法檢測(cè)Cav3.1在各組大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)
結(jié)果顯示,AngⅡ組Cav3.1mRNA表達(dá)量(17.930±0.954)與對(duì)照組(1.000±0.315)比較增加明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);PD98059組、氯沙坦鉀組Cav3.1mRNA表達(dá)量分別為0.928±0.262、0.978±0.292,與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明單獨(dú)的PD98059及氯沙坦鉀對(duì)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞T型鈣通道無(wú)明顯影響;AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀組、AngⅡ+PD98059組、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀+PD98059組Cav3.1mRNA表達(dá)量分別為0.125±0.007、0.066± 0.015、0.109±0.018,明顯低于AngⅡ組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),表明MEK1阻滯劑以及血管緊張素受體拮抗劑可以顯著降低由AngⅡ誘導(dǎo)的血管平滑肌細(xì)胞Cav3.1表達(dá)。
圖1 第5代大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管平滑肌細(xì)胞免疫組化鑒定Fig.1 Immunohistochemical identification of the fifth generation vascular smooth muscle cells
2.3 Western blot檢測(cè)Cav3.1在各組大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)
對(duì)照組、AngⅡ組、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀組、AngⅡ+ PD98059組、AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀+PD98059組、PD98059組及氯沙坦鉀組血管平滑肌細(xì)胞中Cav3.1蛋白表達(dá)分別為1.000±0.315、1.000±0.053、0.125± 0.007、0.066±0.015、0.109±0.018、0.928±0.262、0.978±0.292。與對(duì)照組比較,AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀組、AngⅡ+PD98059組及AngⅡ+氯沙坦鉀+PD98059組Cav3.1蛋白表達(dá)明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而PD98059組及氯沙坦鉀組Cav3.1蛋白表達(dá)與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)圖2。由此結(jié)果顯示,AngⅡ能夠誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞過(guò)量表達(dá)T型鈣通道,即T型鈣通道過(guò)量表達(dá)是Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的下游蛋白產(chǎn)物。
圖2 各組大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞Cav3.1蛋白質(zhì)相對(duì)表達(dá)量的比較Fig.2 Comparison of Cav3.1 protein relative expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells among different group
T型鈣通道鑲嵌在細(xì)胞膜雙脂質(zhì)層中,是由α、β、γ、δ等多個(gè)亞單位組成的糖基化多肽復(fù)合體,各亞單位之間通過(guò)二硫鍵或非共價(jià)鍵相連,其中α分為α1和α2亞基。α1為鈣通道的核心,它決定通道的電生理學(xué)性質(zhì)。近年來(lái)已經(jīng)克隆出3種T型鈣通道α1亞單位的基因,即α1G、α1H和α1 I(新的命名為Cav3.1、Cav3.2和Cav3.3)。T型鈣通道被激活時(shí)可引起細(xì)胞外Ca2+內(nèi)流,而細(xì)胞內(nèi)Ca2+濃度升高時(shí)可以激活Ca2+/鈣調(diào)蛋白依賴性蛋白激酶激酶,后者激活后將產(chǎn)生一系列生理病理反應(yīng)[14]。因?yàn)門型鈣通道在動(dòng)脈管壁、心肌傳導(dǎo)組織及神經(jīng)激素釋放的部位含量較高,故T型鈣通道在細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和增殖中起著十分重要的作用。血管平滑肌細(xì)胞從血管中膜向內(nèi)膜下遷移,并以自分泌、旁分泌形式分泌大量細(xì)胞因子和血管活性物質(zhì),是血管損傷后共同的病理生理過(guò)程[15],在高血壓、動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、冠脈搭橋術(shù)后移植血管及血管成形術(shù)后局部血管的再狹窄等多種損傷性血管疾病的形成過(guò)程中起著重要作用。血管損傷后,局部血管壁AngⅡ的基因表達(dá)及蛋白合成均增加[16],過(guò)度表達(dá)的AngⅡ通過(guò)與多種細(xì)胞因子、生長(zhǎng)因子相互作用,啟動(dòng)了不同的細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)系統(tǒng),促進(jìn)VSMC增殖、肥大并參與血管重塑[17]。已有研究證明,AngⅡ通過(guò)Ras/PKCζ/ MEK途徑激活ERK1/2,是其誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖的重要信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路之一[18~20]。因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)基于以上研究,探討AngⅡ?qū)Υ笫笱芷交〖?xì)胞T型鈣通道及其信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的影響。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)RT-PCR及Western blot技術(shù)測(cè)定大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞Cav3.1表達(dá),并得出結(jié)論:絲裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶1阻滯劑及血管緊張素受體拮抗劑亦可以顯著降低由AngⅡ誘導(dǎo)的血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的Cav3.1mRNA及蛋白質(zhì)的表達(dá),這充分說(shuō)明AngⅡ通過(guò)Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2途徑增加Cav3.1的表達(dá),即Cav3.1過(guò)量表達(dá)是Ras/PKC ζ/MEK/ ERK1/2信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的下游蛋白產(chǎn)物。
已有研究證實(shí),Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2途徑是AngⅡ誘導(dǎo)血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖的重要信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路之一,本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究并證明了Cav3.1過(guò)量表達(dá)是Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的下游蛋白產(chǎn)物之一,但沒(méi)有對(duì)T型鈣通道的其他表型加以研究。
綜上所述,T型鈣通道在AngⅡ介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞增殖中扮演了重要角色,AngⅡ強(qiáng)大的細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)增殖能力,是通過(guò)Ras/PKCζ/MEK/ERK1/2信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,使大鼠血管平滑肌細(xì)胞中T型鈣通道的Cav3.1過(guò)量表達(dá)引起的。因此轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路與血管再狹窄的發(fā)生有著十分密切的關(guān)系[21],本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)將來(lái)血管再狹窄的防治有明確的指導(dǎo)意義。
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(編輯 武玉欣)
Influence of AngⅡon T-type Calcium Channelsand SignalTransduction Pathway in RatVascular Smooth Muscle Cells
WANGJing-zhuo,YAOXu-zhe,LIBin,PANYi-long,LIXiao-dong
(DepartmentofCardiology,Shengjing Hospital,China MedicalUniversity,Shenyang 110004,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects ofAngⅡon T-type calcium channels in ratvascularsmooth muscle cells.MethodsPrimary culture ofrataortic vascularsmooth muscle cells was established by enzyme digestion method,and the fifth generation cells were used in the study.Cells were randomly divided into 7 groups:①controlgroup:withoutany drugs;②AngⅡgroup:AngⅡ0.1μmol/L for24 hours;③AngⅡ+losartan potassium group:losartan potassium 1μmol/L for1 hour,then add AngⅡ0.1μmol/Land cultures foranother24 hours;④AngⅡ+PD98059 group:adds 10 μmol/L PD98059 and stimulus for 1 hour,then adds 0.1 μmol/L AngⅡand cultures for 24 hours together;⑤PD98059 group:adds 10 μmol/L PD98059 and cultures for 1 hour;⑥AngⅡ+losartan potassium+PD98059 group:adds 1 μmol/L losartan potassium and 10 μmol/L PD98059 cultures for 1 hour,then adds 0.1 μmol/L AngⅡand cultures for 24 hours together;⑦losartan potassium group:adds losartan potassium and cultures for 4 hours.The expression of T-type calcium channel of every group was determined by PT-PCR and Western blot.Results①PCR results showed that the expression of Cav3.1 in AngⅡgroup(17.930±0.954)increased significantly compared with control group(1.000±0.315)(P<0.05),which were notobserved in PD98059 group(2-ΔΔCt:0.928±0.262)and losartan potassium group(2-ΔΔCt:0.978±0.292);the expression of Cav3.1 in AngⅡ+losartan potassium group(0.125±0.007),AngⅡ+PD98059 group(0.066±0.015)and AngⅡ+losartan potassium+PD98059 group(0.109±0.018)significantly lower than AngⅡgroup(1.000±0.053)(allP<0.01)。②Western blot result showed that the expression of Cav3.1 in AngⅡ+losartan potassium group,AngⅡ+losartan potassium+PD98059 group and AngⅡ+PD98059 group is significantly reduced compared with the control group;while no obvious statistical significance was found between PD98059 group and losartan potassium group(P>0.05).ConclusionAngiotensinⅡcan lead excessive expression of T-type calcium channel in rat vascular smooth muscle cells;However,there isno statistically significantdifferencescompared with the controlgroup.
T-type calcium channel;Cav3.1;vascular smooth muscle cell;cell proliferation;angiotensinⅡ
R329.2+8
A
0258-4646(2014)09-0802-04
遼寧省教育廳高??蒲杏?jì)劃(L2013314)
王菁卓(1988-),女,碩士研究生.
李曉東,E-mail:lxd@medmail.com
2014-06-17
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:
中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)2014年9期