国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

陜西省鳳太礦集區(qū)柴螞金礦床碳酸鹽礦物的Sm-Nd同位素測(cè)年及意義**

2014-03-14 06:48:01劉協(xié)魯王義天胡喬青魏然王瑞廷溫深文陳明壽楊光華LIUXieLuWANGYiTianHUQiaoQingWEIRanWANGRuiTingWENShenWenCHENMingShouandYANGGuangHua
巖石學(xué)報(bào) 2014年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:方解石八卦金礦

劉協(xié)魯 王義天 胡喬青 魏然 王瑞廷 溫深文 陳明壽 楊光華LIU XieLu, WANG YiTian*, HU QiaoQing, WEI Ran, WANG RuiTing, WEN ShenWen, CHEN MingShou and YANG GuangHua

1. 中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)地球科學(xué)與資源學(xué)院,北京 1000832. 中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院礦產(chǎn)資源研究所,國(guó)土資源部成礦作用和資源評(píng)價(jià)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 1000373. 西北有色地質(zhì)勘查局,西安 7100544. 西北有色地質(zhì)勘查局717總隊(duì),寶雞 7210045. 西安地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘查開(kāi)發(fā)院,西安 7101001. School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China2. MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China3. Northwest Geological Exploration and Mining Bureau for Nonferrous Metals, Xi’an 710054, China4. No. 717 Geological Party, Northwest Geological Exploration and Mining Bureau for Nonferrous Metals, Baoji 721004, China5. Xi’an Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration, Xi’an 710100, China2013-08-10 收稿, 2013-11-29 改回.

1 引言

陜西省鳳(縣)-太(白)礦集區(qū)位于秦嶺泥盆系金、銀、鉛鋅多金屬成礦帶中段,區(qū)內(nèi)已探明的金儲(chǔ)量達(dá)200噸以上(李建華,2008)。自20世紀(jì)80年代發(fā)現(xiàn)八卦廟超大型和雙王大型金礦床后,又陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)了絲毛嶺、柴螞、古跡、沈家灣等一些中小型金礦床。眾多學(xué)者對(duì)八卦廟和雙王金礦床從成礦地質(zhì)特征(古貌新等,1983;石準(zhǔn)立等,1989;張恩等,2001;湯靜如等,2002;陳建文等,2003;馮建忠等,2003;張軍,2003)、礦床地球化學(xué)特征(鄭作平等,1994;于學(xué)元等,1996;Guoetal., 2000;張作衡等,2004;王瑞廷等,2006;何鴻等,2009)、成礦流體及成礦條件(張長(zhǎng)年和陳丹玲,1993;錢大益等,2003;韋龍明,2007;劉必政等,2011)等方面進(jìn)行了深入的研究。但對(duì)于八卦廟金礦床的成因仍存在較大爭(zhēng)議,主要有以下幾種觀點(diǎn):(1)將其歸為卡林型-類卡林型金礦即微細(xì)浸染型,并建立了秦嶺卡林型金礦成礦模式(邵世才和汪東波,2001;陳衍景等,2004;);(2)(熱水)沉積-構(gòu)造或(巖漿)熱液改造型,認(rèn)為早期沉積形成Au背景值較高的圍巖,后經(jīng)歷構(gòu)造或(巖漿)熱液疊加改造成礦(張恩和郭健,2000;蘇瑞俠等,2001;張萬(wàn)業(yè)等,2003;韋龍明,2003);(3)認(rèn)為經(jīng)歷了多階段的成礦作用,為多成因復(fù)成或多期次復(fù)合型(Zhong and Zhang,1997;劉方杰等,2000);(4)認(rèn)為礦床的形成與脆-韌性剪切帶密切相關(guān),為脆-韌性剪切帶型金礦(溫深文,1999;方維萱等,2000);(5)通過(guò)對(duì)元素組合、同位素特征、不同礦物成分特征及形成的物理化學(xué)條件的研究,認(rèn)為是中溫?zé)嵋?碳酸鹽)型(Zhengetal., 1994;于學(xué)元等,1996;鄭作平等,1997);(6)造山型金礦,提出了印支-燕山期的碰撞造山過(guò)程中巖漿作用與來(lái)源于造山過(guò)程中熱作用產(chǎn)生的熱液流體共同作用形成了金礦床的觀點(diǎn)(毛景文,2001;Maoetal., 2002;張作衡,2002)。

柴螞金礦床位于八卦廟超大型金礦床西側(cè)約0.5km處,其成礦地質(zhì)環(huán)境及控礦條件與八卦廟金礦床均相似,前人已對(duì)其地質(zhì)特征及礦體礦化特征進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究(汶博等,2008;張廣輝等,2013),但并沒(méi)有詳細(xì)劃分成礦階段,且缺乏可靠的成礦年齡數(shù)據(jù)。本文在詳細(xì)研究柴螞金礦地質(zhì)特征的基礎(chǔ)上,厘清了成礦階段,并對(duì)不同階段的礦物組合、結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造及圍巖蝕變等特征進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的描述。

熱液礦床成礦年代學(xué)是研究礦床成因的關(guān)鍵,針對(duì)成礦年代學(xué)的研究除了直接對(duì)輝鉬礦(Maoetal., 1999,2006;袁順達(dá)等,2012a)、錫石(Yuanetal., 2008,2011)等礦石礦物及云母(Maoetal., 2004;Yuanetal., 2007;袁順達(dá)等,2010,2012b)等蝕變礦物開(kāi)展同位素測(cè)年之外,脈石礦物亦是重要的測(cè)年對(duì)象,方解石-白云石是各類礦床中最常見(jiàn)的脈石礦物,作為含鈣礦物,其Sm-Nd同位素體系是精確厘定熱液礦床成礦時(shí)代的有效手段(Pengetal., 2003;Suetal., 2009)。Sm、Nd均為稀土元素,具有穩(wěn)定性好、變化同步、不易受改造、母體衰變形成的子體容易在礦物晶格中保存下來(lái)的特點(diǎn),因此Sm-Nd同位素體系的抗風(fēng)化、抗蝕變能力均較強(qiáng),易保持封閉。Fryer and Taylor(1984)對(duì)熱液型鈾礦成功地進(jìn)行Sm-Nd同位素定年,首次揭示該體系用于熱液礦床定年的潛力。隨后一些研究均指出,熱液礦床的含鈣礦物如螢石、方解石等是Sm-Nd同位素定年的理想對(duì)象(Hallidayetal., 1990;Nieetal., 1999;Jiangetal., 2000)。目前已有大量學(xué)者對(duì)不同類型礦床的方解石開(kāi)展了Sm-Nd同位素研究,均獲得了可靠的年代學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)(Nieetal., 1999;李文博等,2004;胡文潔等,2012)。本次工作利用主成礦階段方解石、白云石等碳酸鹽礦物進(jìn)行了Sm-Nd等時(shí)線年齡測(cè)定,獲得了精確的年齡數(shù)據(jù),為厘定成礦時(shí)代和研究礦床成因提供了可靠的證據(jù)。

2 成礦地質(zhì)背景

鳳太礦集區(qū)位于商丹縫合帶南側(cè),南北均以深大斷裂為界(圖1),北部為湘子河-黃柏塬斷裂,屬于商丹縫合帶的組成部分,南部為酒奠梁-江口斷裂。礦集區(qū)的基本構(gòu)造格架為NWW向古岔河-殷家壩復(fù)式向斜(圖1),次級(jí)斷裂和褶皺發(fā)育。斷裂構(gòu)造發(fā)育有NWW向和NE向兩組,褶皺構(gòu)造表現(xiàn)為一系列NWW-近EW向的復(fù)式褶皺。斷裂走向及褶皺軸自東向西均表現(xiàn)為NW→NWW→近EW向的變化規(guī)律。王義天等(2009)對(duì)礦集區(qū)內(nèi)褶皺、斷裂、節(jié)理、線理等構(gòu)造要素進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的研究工作后,提出整個(gè)鳳太礦集區(qū)為一個(gè)大型的走滑雙重構(gòu)造。

圖1 西秦嶺鳳太礦集區(qū)地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)簡(jiǎn)圖(據(jù)胡喬青等,2013;王相等,1996修編)(1)地層:Pre-前寒武系;D-泥盆系;C-石炭系;P-二疊系;T-三疊系;K-白堊系.(2)巖漿巖:γ-印支-燕山期巖漿巖.(3)斷裂:F1-湘子河-黃柏塬斷裂(商丹縫合帶);F2-修石巖-觀音峽斷裂;F3-王家楞-二郎壩斷裂;F4-倒回溝-柘梨園斷裂;F5-酒奠梁-江口斷裂.(4)鉛鋅礦床(點(diǎn)):1-譚家溝;2-銀洞梁;3-峰崖;4-手搬崖;5-鉛硐山;6-葦子坪-安溝;7-葦子坪-洞溝;8-尖端山;9-八方山-二里河;10-長(zhǎng)溝;11-洞溝;12-銀母寺;13-大黑溝;14-崖房灣;(5)金礦床(點(diǎn)):15-絲毛嶺;16-八卦廟;17-雙王;18-柴螞Fig.1 Sketch map of geology and minerals of the Fengxian-Taibai ore concentration area in western Qinling (modified after Hu et al., 2013; Wang et al., 1996)(1)Pre-Pre-Cambrian; D-Devonian; C-Carboniferous; P-Permian; T-Triassic; K-Cretaceous; (2)γ-Indosinian-Yanshanian magmatic rock; (3)F1-Xiangzihe-Huangbaiyuan Fault (Shang-Dan suture zone); F2-Xiushiyan-Guanyinxia Fault; F3-Wangjialeng-Erlangba Fault; F4-Daohuigou-Zheliyuan Fault; F5-Jiudianliang-Jiangkou Fault; (4)Pb-Zn deposits (occurrences): 1-Tanjiagou; 2-Yindongliang; 3-Fengya; 4-Shoubanya; 5-Qiandongshan; 6-Weiziping-Angou; 7-Weiziping-Donggou; 8-Jianduanshan; 9-Bafangshan-Erlihe; 10-Changgou; 11-Donggou; 12-Yinmusi; 13-Daheigou; 14-Yafangwan; (5)gold deposit (occurrences): 15-Simaoling; 16-Baguamiao; 17-Shuangwang; 18-Chaima

礦集區(qū)內(nèi)出露的地層主要是中、上泥盆統(tǒng)的淺變質(zhì)的碳酸鹽巖-泥質(zhì)碎屑巖建造,由新到老依次為上泥盆統(tǒng)九里坪組、星紅鋪組及中泥盆統(tǒng)古道嶺組、馬槽溝組。其中星紅鋪組是八卦廟、絲毛嶺及柴螞金礦床的賦礦層位。在礦集區(qū)外圍,前寒武紀(jì)變質(zhì)巖地層出露于北部,中、下石炭統(tǒng)碳酸鹽巖夾碎屑巖以及下白堊統(tǒng)礫巖夾粉砂巖出露于西北部,西南部出露的地層主要為石炭統(tǒng)海相碳酸鹽巖夾陸相碎屑巖,二疊統(tǒng)石英砂巖及砂質(zhì)板巖,三疊統(tǒng)砂巖、板巖及灰?guī)r。

礦集區(qū)內(nèi)侵入巖主要有中東部近東西向展布的西壩中酸性巖體(圖1),該巖體向西側(cè)伏。巖脈廣泛發(fā)育,主要有花崗斑巖脈、閃長(zhǎng)玢巖脈、煌斑巖脈,常呈脈狀充填于NWW向和NE向斷裂中。

3 礦區(qū)地質(zhì)特征

礦區(qū)內(nèi)出露的地層有上泥盆統(tǒng)星紅鋪組淺變質(zhì)細(xì)碎屑巖建造和中泥盆統(tǒng)古道嶺組以生物碎屑灰?guī)r為主的碳酸鹽巖建造。上泥盆統(tǒng)星紅鋪組劃分為四個(gè)巖性段,其中第一巖性段劃分出四個(gè)巖性層:第一巖性層與下伏的古道嶺組呈斷層接觸,局部為整合接觸;第二巖性層是八卦廟金礦床和柴螞金礦床的賦礦層位(圖2),巖性主要為鐵白云質(zhì)粉砂質(zhì)千枚巖、鐵白云質(zhì)粉砂巖、鈣質(zhì)粉砂巖,局部夾條帶狀大理巖化灰?guī)r;第四巖性層也是柴螞金礦賦礦層位,巖性主要為鐵白云質(zhì)粉砂質(zhì)千枚巖,斑點(diǎn)狀鐵白云質(zhì)粉砂質(zhì)千枚巖,局部夾大理巖化灰?guī)r。

礦區(qū)內(nèi)斷裂、褶皺構(gòu)造較為發(fā)育,整體構(gòu)造線的方向是NW向。斷裂構(gòu)造分為NW向和NE向兩組。NW向斷裂主要為礦區(qū)北部的一組高角度逆斷層,是八卦廟-王家愣逆沖大斷層的一部分,在F13斷裂(圖2)下盤(pán)的千枚巖中糜棱巖化、石香腸、細(xì)頸構(gòu)造廣泛發(fā)育,是一典型的韌性剪切帶,柴螞金礦即位于該韌性剪切帶中。NE向斷裂由西向東呈NNE-NE向延伸,錯(cuò)斷地層和礦體,斷距幾十到一百多米。褶皺構(gòu)造主要為長(zhǎng)溝-八卦廟向斜和長(zhǎng)溝-打柴溝背斜,軸線方向均為近NW向。區(qū)內(nèi)小型褶皺發(fā)育,形態(tài)較多,有平臥、斜歪褶皺等。

礦區(qū)內(nèi)巖漿巖不發(fā)育,主要是出露于東北部呈NE向展布的鈉長(zhǎng)巖脈和西南部充填NE向斷層中的煌斑巖脈(圖2)。

柴螞金礦共劃分為5個(gè)含礦帶(圖2),主要受構(gòu)造和地層巖性聯(lián)合控制,總體走向均為近NW向,常呈透鏡狀、似層狀產(chǎn)出。1號(hào)含礦帶位于長(zhǎng)溝-八卦廟向斜核部,2號(hào)含礦帶位于該向斜南翼,3號(hào)含礦帶及八卦廟金礦床位于該向斜北翼;4號(hào)含礦帶位于長(zhǎng)溝-打柴溝背斜東部,5號(hào)含礦帶就位于該背斜南翼(圖2)。礦帶總體走向?yàn)?80°~335°。礦體在走向、傾向上均呈透鏡狀、囊狀產(chǎn)出,往往呈雁行狀排列,具有膨大縮小、向兩側(cè)尖滅的特征。金礦化主要發(fā)育在石英脈與鐵白云質(zhì)粉砂質(zhì)千枚巖、斑點(diǎn)狀千枚巖中,礦石類型有兩種:石英脈型和蝕變巖型,以石英脈型為主。

1號(hào)含礦帶長(zhǎng)約380m,寬40~120m,總體走向310°~330°,已劃分出大小礦體十余條,其中較大的礦體有6條。2號(hào)含礦帶長(zhǎng)約300m,寬80~140m,總體走向320°~335°,已劃分出4條金礦體。3號(hào)含礦帶長(zhǎng)約260m,寬10~70m,總體走向315°~330°,已劃分出3條礦體。4號(hào)含礦帶長(zhǎng)約240m,長(zhǎng)約30~50m,總體走向295°~320°,已劃分出4條較小的礦體。5號(hào)含礦帶長(zhǎng)約280m,寬30~80m,總體走向300°~320°,已劃分出3條較小的礦體。其中2號(hào)含礦帶平均品位較高,最高可達(dá)6g/t,其次是4號(hào)含礦帶,1號(hào)、3號(hào)和5號(hào)含礦帶平均品位均在1g/t左右。

圖2 柴螞金礦床地質(zhì)圖(據(jù)西北有色地質(zhì)勘查局717總隊(duì),2010*西北有色地質(zhì)勘查局717總隊(duì).2010.陜西省鳳縣絲毛嶺-柴螞金鉛鋅礦床地質(zhì)詳查報(bào)告修編)

Fig.2 Geological map of the Chaima gold deposit

4 成礦階段劃分

結(jié)合前人研究成果,本次工作對(duì)柴螞金礦床1450中段的41穿脈進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的觀察和測(cè)量工作,根據(jù)不同礦脈的產(chǎn)狀及其穿插關(guān)系、礦石的礦物組成和結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造將其成礦過(guò)程劃分為三個(gè)階段:早期石英-碳酸鹽階段,主成礦期石英-碳酸鹽-硫化物階段和晚期石英階段。

早期成礦階段:該階段產(chǎn)物為NW向順層石英脈,脈體產(chǎn)狀與地層產(chǎn)狀基本一致,常呈揉皺狀產(chǎn)出,有時(shí)其厚度、形態(tài)、產(chǎn)狀變化很大,局部甚至呈團(tuán)塊狀產(chǎn)出。一般規(guī)模較大,厚度大者可達(dá)1m以上。金品位較低,一般小于1g/t,很少能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成礦體。礦石礦物主要為黃鐵礦,含量很低,脈石礦物有石英、白云石和方解石。金屬硫化物在石英和碳酸鹽中呈星散狀分布。礦石構(gòu)造主要為團(tuán)塊狀、脈狀,礦石結(jié)構(gòu)主要是自形-半自形粒狀結(jié)構(gòu)。本階段發(fā)育的圍巖蝕變主要為絹云母化。

主成礦階段:形成富含硫化物石英脈(圖3a, b),與地層斜交,傾角一般5°~45°,產(chǎn)狀變化較大,主體表現(xiàn)為NE向,也有呈近NW向產(chǎn)出,有時(shí)發(fā)生揉皺。脈體規(guī)模不大,厚度大多小于1m。金品位較高,但有時(shí)單脈規(guī)模偏小。礦石中金屬礦物主要為黃鐵礦、磁黃鐵礦,少量的黃銅礦、閃鋅礦、方鉛礦,也有極少量的碲化物如碲銀礦、碲鉛礦。非金屬礦物有石英、白云石、方解石、絹云母、綠泥石及鈉長(zhǎng)石等。黃鐵礦、磁黃鐵礦等載金礦物與碳酸鹽礦物密切共生,呈浸染狀賦存于白云石或與其共生的方解石中(圖3c-e)。金主要以粒間金、裂隙金和包裹金的形式存在,顯微鏡下常見(jiàn)黃鐵礦、磁黃鐵礦包裹自然金,或自然金分布于碳酸鹽礦物與金屬礦物粒間,顯示與其共生(圖3f,g)。礦石構(gòu)造以浸染狀、團(tuán)塊狀為主,礦石結(jié)構(gòu)主要有自形-半自形結(jié)構(gòu)、半自形-他形結(jié)構(gòu)及包裹結(jié)構(gòu)等。本階段發(fā)育的圍巖蝕變以黃鐵礦化、硅化、絹云母化、綠泥石化為主。

表1柴螞金礦床Sm-Nd同位素年齡測(cè)試樣品信息

Table 1 The samples from the Chaima gold deposit for Sm-Nd age dating

樣品號(hào)采樣位置樣品描述測(cè)年單礦物CM-18-11450中段41穿脈富硫化物石英脈,黃鐵礦細(xì)粒半自形,呈浸染狀分布于方解石中,方解石白色中粒,自形程度較好方解石CM-18-21450中段41穿脈富硫化物石英脈,細(xì)粒黃鐵礦呈浸染狀分布于方解石中,方解石白色中粒,自形程度較好方解石CM-38-31490中段40穿脈富硫化物石英脈,細(xì)粒自形-半自形黃鐵礦呈浸染狀、團(tuán)塊狀分布于白云石中,白云石輕微氧化呈淺肉紅色,中粒白云石CM-39-11490中段42穿脈-44穿脈間富硫化物石英脈,細(xì)粒黃鐵礦呈浸染狀分布于方解石中,方解石白色中粒,自形程度較好,石英灰白色方解石CM-51-41410中段43穿脈富硫化物石英脈,細(xì)粒黃鐵礦呈細(xì)脈狀、團(tuán)塊狀分布于白云石中,白云石局部輕微氧化呈黃色白云石CM-51-71410中段43穿脈富硫化物石英脈,黃鐵礦細(xì)粒呈細(xì)脈狀、團(tuán)塊狀分布于白云石中,石英灰白色白云石

表2柴螞金礦床碳酸鹽礦物Sm-Nd同位素比值和含量測(cè)定結(jié)果

Table 2 The Sm-Nd isotopic data of carbonate minerals from the Chaima gold deposit

樣品號(hào)樣品名稱Sm(×10-6)Nd(×10-6)147Sm144Nd143Nd144NdCM-18-1方解石0.15740.38010.25080.512025±9CM-18-2方解石0.06580.29730.13350.511867±7CM-38-3白云石0.03560.13790.15710.511905±8CM-39-1方解石0.10950.25360.26240.512041±9CM-51-4白云石0.03120.15270.12630.511861±10CM-51-7白云石0.03230.10480.18520.511934±8CM-18-2稀醋酸溶物0.01570.11590.07920.511797±9CM-39-1稀醋酸不溶物0.31540.35420.53850.512408±7美國(guó)LaJollaNd同位素標(biāo)準(zhǔn)0.511863±6國(guó)際權(quán)威值:0.511860±20

晚期成礦階段:該階段產(chǎn)物為NE向節(jié)理脈,與地層斜交,可見(jiàn)到該階段石英脈穿切主成礦階段石英脈(圖3b)。傾向?yàn)?02°~335°,傾角較大,一般60°~85°。寬度普遍較小,一般僅幾個(gè)厘米,有時(shí)小于1厘米,但常密集分布,其密集程度可達(dá)3~4條/米。礦石礦物主要為黃鐵礦,含量很少;脈石礦物主要為石英,有很少量的碳酸鹽礦物。礦石構(gòu)造以脈狀、薄膜狀為主,礦石結(jié)構(gòu)主要為半自形-他形粒狀結(jié)構(gòu)。本階段發(fā)育的圍巖蝕變主要變現(xiàn)為硅化、絹云母化等。脈體兩旁圍巖常常發(fā)生褪色現(xiàn)象,呈灰黃色、灰綠色,與深灰色、灰黑色圍巖截然區(qū)別(圖3h)。

5 樣品、測(cè)試方法和結(jié)果

本次工作用于Sm-Nd同位素測(cè)年的碳酸鹽礦物均是來(lái)自于主成礦階段石英脈中與黃鐵礦、磁黃鐵礦等載金礦物共生的白云石或方解石(圖3c, d、表1、表2),無(wú)明顯的后期蝕變。將方解石、白云石樣品粉碎至40~80目,在雙目鏡下挑純達(dá)99%以上,用蒸餾水清洗,低溫蒸干,然后將純凈的方解石、白云石在瑪瑙研缽內(nèi)研磨至200目左右。

樣品的Sm-Nd同位素組成測(cè)定在南京大學(xué)現(xiàn)代分析中心完成。為獲得有一定差異的Sm/Nd而特選提取了稀醋酸溶物和不溶物。所分離樣品中的Sm、Nd元素富集物的同位素比值測(cè)定均在英國(guó)制造的VG354熱電離質(zhì)譜計(jì)上完成。對(duì)美國(guó)La Jolla Nd同位素標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣中143Nd/144Nd的測(cè)定值為0.511860±8(2σ),n=8;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化值采用146Nd/144Nd=0.7219校正。詳細(xì)的Sm-Nd化學(xué)制備、質(zhì)譜測(cè)定方法及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品測(cè)定結(jié)果參見(jiàn)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)(王銀喜等,1998,2006; Wangetal., 2007)

方解石、白云石的Sm、Nd含量及同位素組成分析結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2。Sm-Nd等時(shí)線年齡計(jì)算采用國(guó)際通用的ISOPLOT計(jì)算程序(Ludwig, 1998),樣品147Sm/144Nd比值誤差分別為1%,143Nd/144Nd誤差采用0.03%。計(jì)算獲得的Sm-Nd等時(shí)線年齡為203.2±1.6Ma(圖4),離散度4.3,143Nd/144Nd初始比值0.5116922 ±0.0000026。

圖4 柴螞金礦床碳酸鹽礦物Sm-Nd等時(shí)線年齡圖Fig.4 The carbonate minerals Sm-Nd isochron age plot for the Chaima gold deposit

圖5 柴螞金礦床碳酸鹽礦物1/Nd-143Nd/144Nd關(guān)系圖Fig.5 Diagram of 1/Nd vs. 143Nd/144Nd of carbonate minerals from the Chaima gold deposit

6 討論

6.1 成礦時(shí)代

熱液礦物Sm-Nd等時(shí)線定年的基本前提是同源、同時(shí)和封閉性,為確保所有樣品達(dá)到同時(shí)、同源的基本前提,本次樣品均為2號(hào)含礦帶中主成礦階段的石英脈型金礦石。由表2和圖5可知,1/Nd與(143Nd/144Nd)之間不存在線性關(guān)系,這說(shuō)明,圖4所表現(xiàn)的直線具有等時(shí)線意義。因此柴螞金礦床主成礦階段發(fā)生于203±1.6Ma,即晚三疊世-早侏羅世。

近年來(lái),系統(tǒng)的測(cè)年工作表明礦集區(qū)內(nèi)主要金礦均形成于三疊世-侏羅世。汶博等(2008)利用鉛同位素模式年齡測(cè)定柴螞金礦成礦年齡為210Ma。馮建忠等(2003)獲得八卦廟金礦早期NW向順層石英脈的Ar-Ar等時(shí)線年齡為222.14±3.45Ma。韋龍明(2003)利用八卦廟金礦NW、NE向石英脈及條帶巖型、千枚巖型礦石中的絹云母獲得K-Ar年齡為159.7±3.4Ma~199.1±4.2Ma,金礦石中黃鐵礦的U-Th-Pb年齡為210Ma。金勤海和鞠黨辰(1990)獲得雙王金礦體中早晚兩期黃鐵礦的40Ar/39Ar同位素年齡值分別為183.09±20.64Ma和168.09±16.2Ma。

礦集區(qū)內(nèi)主要巖體及巖脈的測(cè)年工作同樣表明均形成于三疊世-侏羅世。張帆等(2009)獲得礦集區(qū)東部西壩巖體的二長(zhǎng)花崗巖LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年齡為219±1Ma,花崗閃長(zhǎng)巖為218±1Ma;嚴(yán)陣等(1985)利用花崗閃長(zhǎng)巖中的黑云母獲得K-Ar年齡為214~148Ma。于學(xué)元等(1994)獲得雙王金礦鈉長(zhǎng)巖的K-Ar年齡為195.88±3.10Ma。王瑞廷等(2011)獲得二里河礦區(qū)切穿礦體的閃長(zhǎng)玢巖脈的LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年齡為214±2Ma,礦區(qū)內(nèi)花崗斑巖脈年齡為217.9±4.9Ma。

由上述成巖成礦年齡可以看出,金礦化年齡在159.7~222.14Ma之間,集中在183.09~222.14Ma。成巖年齡在148~219Ma之間,集中在195.88~219Ma。成礦年齡不同程度的小于成巖年齡。毛景文等(2012)認(rèn)為該地區(qū)的金礦可能是三疊紀(jì)大規(guī)模成礦的產(chǎn)物。

6.2 礦床成因

秦嶺地區(qū)的碰撞造山作用主要發(fā)生于印支期,而后轉(zhuǎn)入陸內(nèi)構(gòu)造演化階段(張國(guó)偉等,2001,2004)。三疊紀(jì)末,秦嶺在南北向強(qiáng)烈的構(gòu)造擠壓體制下,地層發(fā)生褶皺變形,發(fā)育脆-韌性剪切帶,礦床初步定位。同時(shí)發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈的巖漿活動(dòng),秦嶺地區(qū)廣泛發(fā)育的印支期巖漿巖集中反映了全面碰撞作用(張國(guó)偉等,1996),巖體侵位后,又進(jìn)一步促使剪切帶中的Au被活化、改造,并伴隨成礦熱液運(yùn)移至剪切帶內(nèi)有利擴(kuò)容空間,最終沉淀成礦。燕山期秦嶺轉(zhuǎn)入陸內(nèi)造山階段,秦嶺造山帶進(jìn)一步收縮擠壓,剪切帶抬升至地表進(jìn)入脆性變形階段,區(qū)域上再次出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模巖漿活動(dòng),成礦熱液疊加在早期礦體之上,金礦床最終形成。

王義天等(2009)在綜合研究礦集區(qū)褶皺、斷裂、節(jié)理等構(gòu)造要素和性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,認(rèn)為鳳太礦集區(qū)是以南北兩條區(qū)域性斷裂帶的左行走滑運(yùn)動(dòng)為主導(dǎo)形成的大型走滑雙重構(gòu)造,在區(qū)內(nèi)形成最大主壓應(yīng)力為NE向的局部構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)??臻g上礦體的分布均受構(gòu)造控制,時(shí)間上成礦作用與走滑雙重構(gòu)造的形成相吻合,碰撞造山-構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)-礦床定位是一個(gè)連續(xù)的過(guò)程,造山過(guò)程中的強(qiáng)烈的構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)內(nèi)金礦床的形成和定位起主要的控制作用。

諸多成巖、成礦年齡及區(qū)域構(gòu)造演化過(guò)程表明,鳳太礦集區(qū)主要的巖漿作用、成礦作用及有關(guān)的構(gòu)造活動(dòng)均發(fā)生于印支末期。三者在時(shí)間和空間上的連續(xù)性和耦合性一致表明,柴螞金礦床是秦嶺后碰撞過(guò)程與巖漿熱液活動(dòng)有關(guān)的造山型金礦床。

7 結(jié)論

柴螞金礦主成礦階段的白云石、方解石的Sm-Nd等時(shí)線年齡為203.2±1.6Ma,指示其成礦時(shí)代為晚三疊世。柴螞金礦床是鳳太礦集區(qū)在印支晚期后碰撞過(guò)程中與巖漿熱液活動(dòng)有關(guān)的造山型金礦床。

致謝西北有色地質(zhì)勘查局717總隊(duì)和柴螞金礦床的有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和技術(shù)人員在野外工作期間給予了大力支持和幫助;審稿人對(duì)文章提出了寶貴的意見(jiàn)和建議;在此一并致謝!

Chen JW, Zhang XG, Xu SS, Huang CQ and Liu P. 2003. The characteristics of the Baguamiao gold deposit and the mining methods in Fengxian, Shaanxi. Geology of Shaanxi, 21(2): 27-32 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Chen YJ, Zhang J, Zhang FX, Pirajno F and Li C. 2004. Carlin and Carlin-like gold deposits in western Qinling Mountains and their metallogenic time, tectonic setting and model. Geological Review, 50(2): 134-152 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Fang WX, Huang ZY and Liu FJ. 2000. Research on tectonics-mineral-geochemistry of superlarge Baguamiao gold deposit, Fengxian County, Shaanxi. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 20(2): 121-127 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Feng JZ, Wang DB, Wang XM, Shao SC, Ma ZG and Zhang XG. 2003. Geology and metallogenesis of the Baguamiao giant gold deposit in Fengxian, Shaanxi Province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 77(3): 387-398 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Fryer BJ and Taylor RP. 1984. Sm-Nd direct dating of the Collins Bay hydrothermal uranium deposit, Saskatchewan. Geology, 12(8): 479-482

Gu MX, Dai AZ, Fang JB and Zhao ZD. 1983. The geological characters of Shuangwang gold deposit in Shaanxi. Geology of Shaanxi, 1(2): 23-31 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Guo J, Liu P, Zhang WY, Zhu HP and Zhu HZ. 2000. Ore-forming and exploration models of the Baguamiao gold deposit, Shaanxi province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 74(3): 577-581

Halliday AN, Shepherd TJ, Dickin AP and Chesley JT. 1990. Sm-Nd evidence for the age and origin of a Mississippi Valley-type ore deposit. Nature, 344: 54-56

He H, Wei LM, Zhang ST, Gao Y and Xu Y. 2009. Helium, argon, hydrogen and oxygen isotopic characters of ore-forming fluid of Baguamiao gold deposit in Shaanxi Province. Gold, 30(8): 9-11 (in Chinese)

Hu QQ, Wang YT, Wang RT, Li JH, Dai JZ, Wang SY, Wen YH, Li X and Li XK. 2013. Geological characteristics and genesis of the Bafangshan-Erlihe Pb-Zn(-Cu) deposit in the Fengxian-Taibai ore concentration area, West Qinling. Geology and Exploration, 49(1): 99-112 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Hu WJ, Tian SH, Wang SP, Chen LJ, Su AN, Yue L and Wang YX. 2012. Sm-Nd isochron age of carbonatite from the Maoniuping REE deposit, Sichuan Province and their geological implications. Mineral Resources and Geology, 26(3): 237-241 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Jiang SY, Slack JF, Palmer MR and Shaw DR. 2000. Sm-Nd dating of the giant Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia. Geology, 28(8): 751-754

Jin QH and Ju DC. 1990. The genesis of Xiba complex intrusion and its relationship with Shuangwang gold deposit in southern Taibai, Shaanxi Province. Geoscience, 4(4): 65-76 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Li JH. 2008. Analysis on ore-controlling factors and prospecting potential of the Baguamiao-type gold deposits in Fengtai area, Shannxi. Mineral Resources and Geology, 22(1): 62-64 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Li WB, Huang ZL, Wang YX, Chen J, Han RS, Xu C, Guan T and Yin DD. 2004. Age of the giant Huize Zn-Pb deposits determined by Sm-Nd dating of hydrothermal calcite. Geological Review, 50(2): 189-195 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Liu BZ, Wang JP, Wang KX, Liu JJ, Xie HY, Cao RR, Hui DF and Cheng JJ. 2011. Characteristics and geological significance of fluid inclusions in the Shuangwang gold deposit, Shaanxi Province. Geoscience, 25(6): 1088-1098 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Liu FJ, Jia RX and Guo J. 2000. Mechanism of Baguamiao large gold deposit, Shaanxi. Northwest Geoscience, 21(1): 27-36 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Ludwig KR. 1988. Using Isoplot/Ex: A geochronological tool kit for Microsoft Excel, version 1.00, Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication No.1: 1-4

Mao JW, Zhang ZC, Zhang ZH and Du AD. 1999. Re-Os isotopic dating of molybdenites in the Xiaoliugou W (Mo) deposit in the northern Qilian Mountains and its geological significance. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(11-12): 1815-1818

Mao JW. 2001. Geology, distribution and classification of gold deposits in the western Qinling belt, Central China. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 20(1): 11-13 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Mao JW, Qiu YM, Goldfarb RJ, Zhang ZC, Garwin S and Ren FS. 2002. Geology, distribution, and classification of gold deposits in the western Qinling belt, central China. Mineralium Deposita, 37(3-4): 352-377

Mao JW, Li XF, Chen W, Lan XM and Wei SL. 2004. Geological characteristics of the Furong tin orefield, Hunan,40Ar-39Ar dating of tin ores and related granite and its geodynamic significance for rock and ore formation. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78(2): 481-491

Mao JW, Wang YT, Lehmann, B, Yu JJ, Du AD, Mei YX, Li YF, Zang WS, Stein, HJ and Zhou TF. 2006. Molybdenite Re-Os and albite40Ar/39Ar dating of Cu-Au-Mo and magnetite porphyry systems in the Yangtze River Valley and metallogenic implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 29(3-4): 307-324

Mao JW, Zhou ZH, Feng CY, Wang YT, Zhang CQ, Peng HJ and Yu M. 2012. A preliminary study of the Triassic large-scale mineralization in China and its geodynamic. Geology in China, 39(6): 1437-1471 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Nie FJ, Bjorlykke AB and Nilsen KS. 1999. The origin of the Proterozoic Bidjovagge gold-copper deposit, Finnmark, Northern Norway, as deduced from rare earth element and Nd isotope evidences on calcites. Resour. Geol., 49(1): 13-25

Peng JT, Hu RZ and Burnard PG. 2003. Samarium-neodymium isotope systematics of hydrothermal calcites from the Xikuangshan antimony deposit (Hunan, China): The potential of calcite as a geochronometer. Chemical Geology, 200(1-2): 129-136

Qian DY, Xie YL and Xu JH. 2003. Composition characteristics of fluid inclusions from Baguamiao gold deposit in Shaanxi Province, China. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 25(1): 1-4 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Shao SC and Wang DB. 2001.39Ar-40Ar of the three typical gold deposits and its geological significance in the southern Qinling region. Acta Geologica Sinica, 75(1): 106-110 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Shi ZL, Liu JX, Fan SC,Jin QH and Zhang WX. 1989. Geological Characteristics and Genesis of the Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province. Xi'an: Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, 1-116 (in Chinese)

Su RX, Liu P and Guo J. 2001. The gold mineralization and PGE concentration of Baguamiao gold deposit in Qinling tectonic belt. Contribution to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 16(1): 12-18 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Su WC, Hu RZ, Xia B, Xia Y and Liu YP. 2009. Calcite Sm-Nd isochron age of the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou, China. Chemical Geology, 258(3-4): 269-274

Tang JR, Wang JC, Wang GF, Peng ES and Shi JH. 2002. The geological features and preliminary study of gold-hosted breccia in Shuangwang ore deposit, Shaanxi. Northwestern Geology, 35(1): 60-64 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang RT, Han JM, Mao JW, Li JH, Wang DB and Guo J. 2006. Geochemical characteristic of platinum group element in the Baguamiao gold deposit, Shaanxi Province. Mineral Deposits, 25(S1): 103-106 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang RT, Li FL, Chen EH, Dai JZ, Wang CA and Xu XF. 2011. Geochemical characteristics and prospecting prediction of the Bafangshan-Erlihe large lead-zinc ore deposit, Feng County, Shaanxi Province, China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(3): 779-793 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang X, Tang RY, Li S, Li YX, Yang MJ, Wang DS, Guo J, Liu P, Liu RD and Li WQ. 1996. Qinling Orogeny and Metallogenesis. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 187-230 (in Chinese)

Wang YT, Wang RT, Dai JZ, Li JH, Wang CA, Tian MM and Wen B. 2009. The strike-slip duplex and its significance for mineralization in the Fengxian-Taibai ore area, western Qinling, Central China. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 29(Suppl.): 188-189 (in Chinese)

Wang YX, Yang JD, Tao XC and Li HM. 1988. A study of the Sm-Nd method for fossil mineral and rock and its applications. Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Science Edition), 24(2): 297-308 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang YX, Gu LX, Zhang ZZ, Wu CZ, Zhang KJ, Li HM and Yang JD. 2006. Geochronology and Nd-Sr-Pb isotops of the bimodal volcanic rocks of the Bogeda rift. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(5): 1215-1224 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wang YX, Yang JD, Chen J, Zhang KJ and Rao WB. 2007. The Sr and Nd isotopic variations of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 7Ma: Implications for the East Asian winter monsoon and source area of loess. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 249(3-4):351-361

Wei LM. 2003. Metallogenic environment and prediction for Baguamiao gold deposit type in Qinling region, China. Ph. D. Dissertation. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 69-70 (in Chinese with English summary)

Wei LM. 2007. Preliminary study on the ore-forming fluids of Baguamiao gold deposit, Shaanxi Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23(9): 2257-2262 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wen B, Wang SL, Yang X and Ren CH. 2008. Analysis on ore-controlling factors and geological characteristics of the Chaima gold deposits in Fengxian, Shannxi. In: Niu YJ (ed.). The Seventh Academic Annual Conference Proceedings of the Nonferrous Metals Society of China. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 73-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wen SW. 1999. Geological conditions and genesis of the Baguamiao gold deposit in Shaanxi. Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals, 8(6): 689 (in Chinese)

Yan Z. 1985. The Granite in Shaanxi Orovince. Xi’an: Xi’an Jiaotong University Press, 1-321 (in Chinese)

Yu XY, Zheng ZP, Huang WK, Chen FR and Niu HC. 1994. The gold metallogenic characteristics of the southern Qinling. In: A Review on Research of the Gold Deposit in China. Beijing: Seismological Press, 365-380 (in Chinese)

Yu XY, Zheng ZP, Niu HC and Guo J. 1996. REE geochemistry of Baguamiao gold deposit. Geochimica, 25(2): 140-149 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Yuan SD, Peng JT, Shen NP, Hu RZ and Dai TM. 2007.40Ar-39Ar isotopic dating of the Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic orefield in southern Hunan, China and its geological implications. Acta Geologica Sinica, 81(2): 278-286

Yuan SD, Peng JT, Hu RZ, Li HM, Shen NP and Zhang DL. 2008. A precise U-Pb age on cassiterite from the Xianghualing tin-polymetallic deposit (Hunan, South China). Mineralium Deposita, 43(4): 375-382

Yuan SD, Hou KJ and Liu M. 2010. Timing of mineralization and geodynamic framework of iron-oxide-apatite deposits in Ningwu Cretaceous basin in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, China: Constraints from Ar-Ar dating on phlogopites. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(3): 797-808 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Yuan SD, Peng JT, Hao S, Li HM, Geng JZ and Zhang DL. 2011. In situ LA-MC-ICP-MS and ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology cassiterite in the giant Furong tin deposit, Hunan Province, South China: New constraints on the timing of tin-polymetallic mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 43(1): 235-242

Yuan SD, Zhang DL, Shuang Y, Du AD and Qu WJ. 2012a. Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the Xintianling giant tungsten-molybdenum deposit in southern Hunan Province, China and its geological implications. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28(1): 27-38 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Yuan SD, Liu XF, Wang XD, Wu SH, Yuan YB, Li XK and Wang TZ. 2012b. Geological characteristics and40Ar-39Ar geochronology of the Hongqiling tin deposit in southern Hunan Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 28(12): 3787-3797 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang CN and Chen DL. 1993. An analysis of metallogenie physical-chemieal condition of Baguamiao gold deposit. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 23(2): 141-149 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang E and Guo J. 2000. Geological conditions and metallogeny of the Baguamiao gold deposit in Shaanxi. Gold Geology, 6(4): 14-18 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang E, Zhou YK and Guo J. 2001. Geological characteristics and prospecting guide of the Baguamiao gold deposit in Shaanxi Province. Geology and Resources, 10(1): 33-37 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang F, Liu SW, Li QG, Wang ZQ, Han YG, Yang K and Wu FH. 2009. LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geological significance of Xiba granitoids from Qinling, central China. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 45(5): 833-840 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang GH, Wei LM, Huang GQ, Peng YH and Li C. 2013. The discussion about the 2-2 ore body’s mineralization rule in Chaima gold deposit, in Fengxian County Shaanxi Province. Land and Resources of Southern China, (4): 37-42 (in Chinese)

Zhang GW, Meng QR, Yu ZP, Sun Y, Zhou DW and Guo AL. 1996. Orogenic processes and geodynamic characteristics of Qinling belt. Science in China (Series D), 26(3): 193-200 (in Chinese)

Zhang GW, Zhang BR, Yuan XC and Xiao QH. 2001. Qinling Belt and Continental Dynamics. Beijing: Science Press, 1-855 (in Chinese)

Zhang GW, Cheng SY, Guo AL, Dong YP, Lai SC and Yao AP. 2004. Mianlue paleo-suture on the southern margin of the Central Orogenic System in Qinling-Dabie: With a discussion of the assembly of the main part of the continent of China. Geological Bulletin of China, 23(9-10): 846-853 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang J. 2003. Geological features and metallogenetic prognosis of the east Shuangwang gold mine, Shaanxi province. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 18(3): 190-194 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang WY, Liu FJ and Huang CQ. 2003. Metallogenic characteristics of Baguamiao gold deposit of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province and its exploration perspective in the vicinity of the deposit. Mineral Resources and Geology, 95(17): 136-139 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhang ZH. 2002. The mineralization and metallogenic process of orogenic gold deposits, western Qinling region Ph. D. Dissertation. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 67-77 (in Chinese with English summary)

Zhang ZH, Mao JW and Li XF. 2004. Geology, geochemistry and metallogenic mechanism of Shuangwang Breccia type gold deposit. Mineral Deposits, 23(2): 241-252 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zheng ZP, Yu XY and Guo J. 1994. A new genetic type of gold deposits-meso-epithermal carbonate-type gold deposits as exemplified by the Baguamiao superlarge gold deposit. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 3(1): 83-92

Zheng ZP, Yu XY and Guo J. 1994. On the geology and stable isotope of the Baguamiao gold deposit. Geology of Shaanxi, 12(2): 22-31 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zheng ZP, Chen FR and Yu XY. 1997. Characteristics of chlorite in Baguamiao gold deposit and their geological significance. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 17(1): 100-106 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Zhong JH and Zhang GW. 1997. On the genesis of the super-large Baguamiao gold deposit in Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 71(2): 189-203

附中文參考文獻(xiàn)

陳建文, 張選固, 徐四水, 黃長(zhǎng)青, 劉平. 2003. 陜西鳳縣八卦廟金礦床特征及采礦方法探討. 陜西地質(zhì), 21(2): 27-32

陳衍景, 張靜, 張復(fù)新, Pirajno F, 李超. 2004. 西秦嶺地區(qū)卡林-類卡林型金礦床及其成礦時(shí)間、構(gòu)造背景和模式. 地質(zhì)論評(píng), 50(2): 134-152

方維萱, 黃轉(zhuǎn)瑩, 劉方杰. 2000. 八卦廟超大型金礦床構(gòu)造-礦物-地球化學(xué). 礦物學(xué)報(bào), 20(2): 121-127

馮建忠, 汪東波, 王學(xué)明, 邵世才, 馬治國(guó), 張選固. 2003. 陜西鳳縣八卦廟超大型金礦床成礦地質(zhì)特征及成礦作用. 地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào), 77(3): 387-398

古貌新, 戴安周, 方甲炳, 趙志東. 1983. 陜西雙王金礦床地質(zhì)特征. 陜西地質(zhì), 1(2): 23-31

何鴻, 韋龍明, 張壽庭, 高陽(yáng), 徐毅. 2009. 陜西八卦廟金礦床成礦流體He、Ar、H、O同位素特征. 黃金, 30(8): 9-11

胡喬青, 王義天, 王瑞廷, 李建華, 代軍治, 王雙彥, 文耀輝, 李霞, 李雪凱. 2013. 西秦嶺鳳太礦集區(qū)八方山-二里河鉛鋅(銅)礦床成礦地質(zhì)特征與礦床成因探討. 地質(zhì)與勘探, 49(1): 99-112

胡文潔, 田世洪, 王素平, 陳林杰, 蘇媛娜, 岳量, 王銀喜. 2012. 四川牦牛坪稀土礦床碳酸鹽Sm-Nd等時(shí)線年齡及其地質(zhì)意義. 礦產(chǎn)與地質(zhì), 26(3): 237-241

金勤海, 鞠黨辰. 1990. 陜西太白南部西壩復(fù)式巖體的成因及其與雙王金礦床的關(guān)系. 現(xiàn)代地質(zhì), 4(4): 65-76

李建華. 2008. 陜西鳳太地區(qū)“八卦廟式”金礦控礦因素及其找礦潛力分析. 礦產(chǎn)與地質(zhì), 22(1): 62-64

李文博, 黃智龍, 王銀喜, 陳進(jìn), 韓潤(rùn)生, 許成, 管濤, 尹杜丹. 2004. 會(huì)澤超大型鉛鋅礦田方解石Sm-Nd等時(shí)線年齡及其地質(zhì)意義. 地質(zhì)論評(píng), 50(2): 189-195

劉必政, 王建平, 王可新, 劉家軍, 謝海鷹, 曹瑞榮, 惠德峰, 程建軍. 2011. 陜西省雙王金礦床成礦流體特征及其地質(zhì)意義. 現(xiàn)代地質(zhì), 25(6): 1088-1098

劉方杰, 賈潤(rùn)幸, 郭健. 2000. 陜西八卦廟特大型金礦床成礦機(jī)理. 西北地質(zhì)科學(xué), 21(1): 27-36

毛景文. 2001. 西秦嶺地區(qū)造山型與卡林型金礦床. 礦物巖石地球化學(xué)通報(bào), 20(1): 11-13

毛景文, 周振華, 豐成友, 王義天, 張長(zhǎng)青, 彭慧娟, 于淼. 2012. 初論中國(guó)三疊紀(jì)大規(guī)模成礦作用及其動(dòng)力學(xué)背景. 中國(guó)地質(zhì), 39(6): 1437-1471

錢大益, 謝玉玲, 徐九華. 2003. 陜西鳳縣八卦廟金礦流體包裹體的成分特征. 北京科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 25(1): 1-4

邵世才, 汪東波. 2001. 南秦嶺三個(gè)典型金礦床的Ar-Ar年代及其地質(zhì)意義. 地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào), 75(1): 106-110

石準(zhǔn)立,劉瑾璇,樊碩誠(chéng),金勤海,張文宣.1989.陜西雙王金礦床地質(zhì)特征及其成因.西安:陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 1-116

蘇瑞俠, 劉平, 郭健. 2001. 秦嶺八卦廟金礦金的礦化與鉑族金屬的富集. 地質(zhì)找礦論叢, 16(1): 12-18

湯靜如, 汪勁草, 王國(guó)富, 彭恩生, 史靜海. 2002. 陜西雙王含金角礫巖地質(zhì)特征及成因初探. 西北地質(zhì), 35(1): 60-64

王瑞廷, 韓俊民, 毛景文, 李建華, 汪東波, 郭健. 2006. 八卦廟超大型金礦床的伯族元素地球化學(xué)特征. 礦床地質(zhì), 25(S1): 103-106

王瑞廷, 李芳林, 陳二虎, 代軍治, 王長(zhǎng)安, 許小峰. 2011. 陜西鳳縣八方山-二里河大型鉛鋅礦床地球化學(xué)特征及找礦預(yù)測(cè). 巖石學(xué)報(bào), 27(3): 779-793

王相, 唐榮楊, 李實(shí), 李永祥, 楊銘君, 王東生, 郭健, 劉平, 劉人定, 李文全. 1996. 秦嶺造山與金屬成礦. 北京: 冶金工業(yè)出版社, 187-230

王義天, 王瑞廷, 代軍治, 李建華, 王長(zhǎng)安, 田民民, 汶博. 2009. 西秦嶺鳳太礦集區(qū)走滑雙重構(gòu)造及其控礦意義. 礦物學(xué)報(bào), 29(增刊): 188-189

王銀喜,楊杰東,陶仙聰,李惠民.1988.化石、礦物和巖石樣品的Sm-Nd同位素實(shí)驗(yàn)方法研究及其應(yīng)用.南京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),21(2): 297-308

王銀喜,顧連興,張遵忠,吳昌志,張開(kāi)均,李惠民,楊杰東.2006.博格達(dá)裂谷雙峰式火山巖地質(zhì)年代學(xué)與Nd-Sr-Pb同位素地球化學(xué)特征.巖石學(xué)報(bào),22(5): 1215-1224

韋龍明. 2003. 秦嶺鳳太地區(qū)八卦廟式金礦成礦地質(zhì)條件及其成礦預(yù)測(cè). 博士學(xué)位論文. 成都: 成都理工大學(xué), 69-70

韋龍明. 2007. 陜西八卦廟金礦成礦流體初步研究. 巖石學(xué)報(bào), 23(9): 2257-2262

汶博, 王勝利, 楊旭, 任朝暉. 2008. 陜西鳳縣柴螞金礦床地質(zhì)特征及控礦條件分析. 見(jiàn): 鈕因健編. 中國(guó)有色金屬學(xué)會(huì)第七屆學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集. 北京: 冶金工業(yè)出版社, 73-77

溫深文. 1999. 陜西八卦廟金礦床成礦地質(zhì)條件及礦床成因. 有色金屬礦產(chǎn)與勘查, 8(6): 689

嚴(yán)陣. 1985. 陜西省花崗巖. 西安: 西安交通大學(xué)出版社, 1-321

于學(xué)元, 鄭作平, 黃婉康, 陳繁榮, 牛賀才. 1994. 南秦嶺金礦成礦特征. 見(jiàn): 中國(guó)金礦研究新進(jìn)展. 北京: 地震出版社, 365-380

于學(xué)元, 鄭作平, 牛賀才, 郭健. 1996. 八卦廟大型金礦床稀土元素地球化學(xué)研究. 地球化學(xué), 25(2): 140-149

袁順達(dá), 侯可軍, 劉敏. 2010. 安徽寧蕪地區(qū)鐵氧化物-磷灰石礦床中金云母Ar-Ar定年及其地球動(dòng)力學(xué)意義. 巖石學(xué)報(bào), 26(3): 797-808

袁順達(dá), 張東亮, 雙燕, 杜安道, 屈文俊. 2012a. 湘南新田嶺大型鎢鉬礦床輝鉬礦Re-Os同位素測(cè)年及其地質(zhì)意義. 巖石學(xué)報(bào), 28(1): 27-38

袁順達(dá), 劉曉菲, 王旭東, 吳勝華, 原埡斌, 李雪凱, 王鐵柱. 2012b. 湘南紅旗嶺錫多金屬礦床地質(zhì)特征及Ar-Ar同位素年代學(xué)研究. 巖石學(xué)報(bào), 28(12): 3787-3797

張長(zhǎng)年, 陳丹玲. 1993. 八卦廟金礦成礦物理化學(xué)條件研究. 西北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版), 23(2): 141-149

張恩, 郭健. 2000. 陜西八卦廟金礦成礦地質(zhì)條件及礦床成因. 黃金地質(zhì), 6(4): 14-18

張恩, 周永康, 郭健. 2001. 八卦廟金礦床地質(zhì)特征及找礦方向. 地質(zhì)與資源, 10(1): 33-37

張帆, 劉樹(shù)文, 李秋根, 王宗起, 韓以貴, 楊愷, 吳輝峰. 2009. 秦嶺西壩花崗巖LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年代學(xué)及其地質(zhì)意義. 北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版), 45(5): 833-840

張廣輝, 韋龍明, 黃國(guó)慶, 彭艷華, 李辰. 2013. 陜西鳳縣柴螞金礦2-2礦體礦化規(guī)律探討. 南方國(guó)土資源, (4): 37-42

張國(guó)偉, 孟慶任, 于在平, 孫勇, 周鼎武, 郭安林. 1996. 秦嶺造山帶的造山過(guò)程及其動(dòng)力學(xué)特征. 中國(guó)科學(xué)(D輯), 26(3): 193-200

張國(guó)偉, 張本仁, 袁學(xué)誠(chéng), 肖慶輝. 2001. 秦嶺造山帶與大陸動(dòng)力學(xué). 北京: 科學(xué)出版社, 1-855

張國(guó)偉, 程順有, 郭安林, 董云鵬, 賴紹聰, 姚安平. 2004. 秦嶺-大別中央造山系南緣勉略古縫合帶的再認(rèn)識(shí)——兼論中國(guó)大陸主體的拼合. 地質(zhì)通報(bào), 23(9-10): 846-853

張軍. 2003. 陜西雙王金礦床東段礦體地質(zhì)特征及成礦預(yù)測(cè). 地質(zhì)找礦論叢, 18(3): 190-194

張萬(wàn)業(yè), 劉方杰, 黃長(zhǎng)青. 2003. 陜西鳳縣八卦廟金礦床成礦地質(zhì)特征及外圍找礦前景分析. 礦產(chǎn)與地質(zhì), 95(17): 136-139

張作衡. 2002. 西秦嶺地區(qū)造山型金礦床成礦作用和成礦過(guò)程. 博士學(xué)位論文. 北京: 中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院, 67-77

張作衡, 毛景文, 李曉峰. 2004. 雙王角礫巖型金礦床地質(zhì)地球化學(xué)及成礦機(jī)制. 礦床地質(zhì), 23(2): 241-252

鄭作平, 于學(xué)元, 郭健. 1994. 八卦廟金礦地質(zhì)及穩(wěn)定同位素研究. 陜西地質(zhì), 12(2): 22-31

鄭作平, 陳繁榮, 于學(xué)元. 1997. 八卦廟金礦床的綠泥石特征及成巖成礦意義. 礦物學(xué)報(bào), 17(1): 100-106

猜你喜歡
方解石八卦金礦
誘人的金礦
F-在方解石表面的吸附及其對(duì)方解石表面性質(zhì)的影響
氯化鈣和碳酸鈉對(duì)方解石浮選的影響及其機(jī)理研究
伏羲創(chuàng)八卦
幼兒100(2021年7期)2021-04-10 06:32:14
中國(guó)十大金礦排名
Premier金礦公司簡(jiǎn)介
西嶺金礦——中國(guó)最大單體金礦
貴州重晶石與方解石常溫浮選分離試驗(yàn)研究
世相八卦
山東青年(2016年1期)2016-02-28 14:26:36
世相八卦
山東青年(2016年2期)2016-02-28 14:26:20
泗阳县| 布拖县| 绍兴县| 莒南县| 吉水县| 静乐县| 山阳县| 雷州市| 杭锦后旗| 重庆市| 扎赉特旗| 兴义市| 新乐市| 珲春市| 无棣县| 临邑县| 郴州市| 青神县| 昌吉市| 南木林县| 乐山市| 临邑县| 郎溪县| 深水埗区| 定安县| 阜新市| 策勒县| 忻城县| 常熟市| 湾仔区| 秭归县| 略阳县| 化德县| 衡山县| 金塔县| 庆云县| 遵义市| 沾益县| 乐业县| 札达县| 玛纳斯县|