楊 然吳氫凱
(1 南陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,河南 南陽(yáng) 473009;2 上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院,上海 200233)
TVT-O治療女性壓力性尿失禁48例臨床分析
楊 然1吳氫凱2
(1 南陽(yáng)市中心醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,河南 南陽(yáng) 473009;2 上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院,上海 200233)
目的探討經(jīng)閉孔尿道中段無(wú)張力懸吊術(shù)(TVT-O)治療女性壓力性尿失禁(SUI)的手術(shù)療效及安全性。方法回顧性分析48例應(yīng)用TVT-O手術(shù)治療SUI患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后2個(gè)月、6個(gè)月及1年的療效,評(píng)價(jià)尿道中段懸吊術(shù)的效果及安全性。結(jié)果①單純行TVT-O手術(shù)平均用時(shí)20(11~30)min,術(shù)中平均出血14 (7~20)mL。②患者術(shù)后排尿正常,術(shù)中無(wú)尿道及膀胱損傷,無(wú)神經(jīng)及血管損傷等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。③5例術(shù)前合并尿急患者中4例術(shù)后癥狀自行改善,2例患者術(shù)后尿急,口服托特羅定后癥狀緩解。分別于術(shù)后2個(gè)月、6個(gè)月和1年隨訪,療效評(píng)價(jià)主要依靠患者的主觀感受,即尿失禁癥狀的改善程度和滿意度,以及指壓實(shí)驗(yàn)和墊實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)論TVT-O手術(shù)操作簡(jiǎn)便,創(chuàng)傷小,并發(fā)癥少,療效滿意,是治療女性SUI的安全有效方法。
女性壓力性尿失禁;經(jīng)閉孔尿道中段無(wú)張力懸吊術(shù);生活質(zhì)量
壓力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)是婦科常見(jiàn)疾病,嚴(yán)重影響生活質(zhì)量。女性人群總體發(fā)病率國(guó)外文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道為10%~20%[1],國(guó)內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道為22.9%[2]。壓力性尿失禁的手術(shù)治療日臻完善。經(jīng)陰道無(wú)張力吊帶術(shù)(tension—free vaginal tape suspension,TVT)已成為目前治療SUI的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。de Leval[3]于2003年報(bào)道了1種新的改良的術(shù)式(tension free vaginal tape obturator technique,TVT-O)。本研究總結(jié)了2010年1月至2011年11月進(jìn)行的TVT-O手術(shù)情況及術(shù)后隨訪結(jié)果。
1.1 一般資料
2010年1月至2011年11月我院婦產(chǎn)科確診的壓力性尿失禁患者48例,入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①病史中咳嗽、大笑或打噴嚏時(shí)有漏尿;②壓力試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性、指壓試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性、1 h尿墊試驗(yàn)漏尿量>10 g[4];③1 h尿墊試驗(yàn)漏尿量2~10 g,保守治療失?。虎苣虺R?guī)和尿培養(yǎng)檢查結(jié)果正常,尿動(dòng)力學(xué)檢查排除逼尿肌不穩(wěn)定及尿道梗阻;⑤無(wú)尿失禁手術(shù)史;⑥非妊娠狀態(tài);⑦無(wú)泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)及消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤;⑧無(wú)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病;⑨依據(jù)盆腔器官脫垂定量(POP-Q)分度法,排除盆腔器官Ⅲ度及以上脫垂或膨出的患者。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
①手術(shù)材料:強(qiáng)生公司生產(chǎn)的無(wú)菌聚丙烯網(wǎng)狀吊帶,大小1.1 cm ×45 cm,雙側(cè)各帶1枚螺旋穿刺針,并配置金屬蝶形導(dǎo)引桿1枚。②麻醉及體位:全部采用腰硬聯(lián)合麻醉。取膀胱截石位。③TVT-O手術(shù)步驟:a.插18號(hào)Foley導(dǎo)尿管,排空膀胱。b.皮膚切口:平陰蒂水平,與大陰唇皺褶交點(diǎn)外2 cm處,切口約0.5 cm。陰道切口:以陰道前壁正中線尿道外口約1 cm處向下縱行切開(kāi)1.5 cm。c.穿刺通道:腦膜剪自陰道切口向外上45°角分離陰道黏膜下間隙,達(dá)閉孔窩處,蝶形導(dǎo)引桿沿分離孔插入,有落空感即達(dá)閉空膜。d.放置吊帶:用右手持穿刺針沿患者右側(cè)蝶形導(dǎo)引桿穿入,旋轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)引針手柄,并穿向皮膚切口,引導(dǎo)吊帶經(jīng)皮膚切口拉出。同法用左手持穿刺針處理左側(cè)。e.調(diào)整吊帶松緊度:將網(wǎng)帶正中置于尿道下,用止血鉗插入網(wǎng)帶與尿道之間,輕拉網(wǎng)帶,并向膀胱內(nèi)注入生理鹽水300 mL,按壓膀胱時(shí),觀察尿道口有尿滴溢出,除去網(wǎng)帶的塑料外鞘,剪除多余材料,縫合陰道切口及皮膚切口。
1.3 術(shù)后處理
因陰道內(nèi)有切口,術(shù)后陰道內(nèi)填塞碘伏紗布,24 h后取出,并拔出尿管。術(shù)后常規(guī)用抗生素預(yù)防感染。術(shù)后尿管拔除后常規(guī)行超聲檢查,測(cè)殘余尿量,若殘余尿量≥100 mL則再次留置尿管3 d。殘余尿量在50~100 mL的患者,可暫出院,1周后復(fù)測(cè)殘余尿量。
1.4 術(shù)后隨訪
于術(shù)后2個(gè)月、6個(gè)月和1年門(mén)診復(fù)查。療效評(píng)價(jià)主要依靠患者主觀感受,既尿失禁癥狀的改善程度和滿意度。進(jìn)行指壓實(shí)驗(yàn),尿墊實(shí)驗(yàn)。
手術(shù)時(shí)間最短11 min,最長(zhǎng)30 min,平均20 min;術(shù)中出血量最少7 mL,最多20 mL,平均14 mL。術(shù)中無(wú)膀胱穿孔及尿道損傷,無(wú)神經(jīng)損傷、出血及血腫等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。術(shù)后24 h拔出尿管后,患者均排尿正常,無(wú)明顯疼痛不適。分別于術(shù)后2個(gè)月、6個(gè)月和1年隨訪,均無(wú)排尿困難、尿路感染及尿失禁復(fù)發(fā),手術(shù)效果滿意。
TVT-O手術(shù)優(yōu)于TVT手術(shù),雖同樣于尿道中段置入聚丙烯吊帶,但由于TVT-O穿刺路徑不經(jīng)恥骨后間隙,而經(jīng)雙側(cè)恥骨降支緊貼兩側(cè)閉孔穿出,避開(kāi)膀胱、尿道及恥骨后間隙,減少了膀胱、尿道損傷,減少了神經(jīng)、血管損傷,減少了盆腔出血及血腫形成等并發(fā)癥,不需常規(guī)行膀胱鏡檢查,縮短了手術(shù)時(shí)間[3,5]。
TVT-O手術(shù)主要適用于女性中重度壓力性尿失禁,術(shù)前行超聲檢查,尿動(dòng)力學(xué)檢查,必要時(shí)行尿道膀胱鏡檢查,排除嚴(yán)重的急迫性尿失禁、膀胱出口梗阻以及逼尿肌無(wú)功能的情況,排除膀胱結(jié)石、腫瘤、憩室等情況。本研究術(shù)前合并混合性尿失禁的5例患者,術(shù)后4例未再出現(xiàn)尿頻、尿急等癥狀,術(shù)后1例仍有尿急,經(jīng)口服托特羅定后癥狀改善,說(shuō)明混合性尿失禁不是TVT-O手術(shù)的絕對(duì)禁忌。Paick等[6]指出對(duì)混合患者性尿失禁行經(jīng)閉孔吊帶手術(shù)治愈率達(dá)82%。對(duì)行TVT-O手術(shù)的患者,于術(shù)后2個(gè)月、6個(gè)月和1年門(mén)診隨訪,術(shù)后無(wú)尿失禁復(fù)發(fā),無(wú)泌尿系感染,無(wú)尿潴留,質(zhì)量評(píng)分較術(shù)前有顯著性提高,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[7,8]一致。綜上所述,TVT-O手術(shù)治療女性壓力性尿失禁操作簡(jiǎn)便,手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小,手術(shù)時(shí)間短,無(wú)膀胱、尿道損傷,等,且療效確切,效果滿意,大大改善了患者的生活質(zhì)量,近年來(lái)在國(guó)內(nèi)的應(yīng)用日益廣泛。
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TVT-O Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Clinical Analysis of 48 Cases
YANG Ran1, WU Qing-kai2
(1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473009, China; 2 The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of transobturator tension-free vaginal tape (TVT-O) by 1-year follow-up.MethodsThe data of 48 female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included physical examination, and urinary symptom, Qmax, post-voiding residual (PVR), and quality of life scale questionnaires. The anti-incontinence procedure was TVT-O through the anterior vaginal wall.Results①The mean time of operation was 20 minutes (11-30 min),mean bleed loss was 14 mL(7-20 mL). ②The patients had normal urination after the surgery, the surgical was very smooth without damage to the urethra and bladder, there weren’t nerve and blood vessel damage complications during the operation. ③There were 4 cases improved themselves among the 5 merge urgency patients before the operation, urgency arised in 2 cases after surgery, and the symptoms was mitigated after oral tolterodine. The 1 h pad test of 2 months, 6 months and 1 year after operation judging the efficacy of the operation rely mainly on the patient’s subjective experience, that the degree of improvement of symptoms of urinary incontinence and satisfaction, as well as experimental and shiatsu mat experiment.ConclusionsTVT-O is a surgery that is easy to operate. It has few complications, satisfled short-term cure rate and quality of life. The impact on sexual life and long-term results still need further evaluation.
Female stress urinary incontinence; Tension-free vaginal tape-obturator technique(TVT-O); Quality of life
R694+<.54 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B class="emphasis_bold">.54 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B 文章編號(hào):1671-8194(2014)23-0054-02.54 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B
1671-8194(2014)23-0054-02
B 文章編號(hào):1671-8194(2014)23-0054-02