姜濤
【摘要】 目的:評(píng)價(jià)舒適麻醉在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:選取本院2012年收治的122例行剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)的產(chǎn)婦,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為舒適麻醉組和傳統(tǒng)麻醉組各61例,舒適麻醉組采取心理干預(yù)、腰麻-硬膜外聯(lián)合麻醉和術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛的舒適麻醉方法治療,傳統(tǒng)麻醉組采取常規(guī)麻醉方式治療,比較兩組產(chǎn)婦的焦慮水平、麻醉效果和手術(shù)滿意度情況。結(jié)果:舒適麻醉組入手術(shù)室時(shí)(T2)和麻醉開始時(shí)(T3)焦慮評(píng)分均明顯低于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組,舒適麻醉組麻醉效果明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組,舒適麻醉組麻醉效果Ⅲ級(jí)及以上的比例為75.4%明顯高于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組的42.7%,舒適麻醉組產(chǎn)婦滿意度91.8%明顯高于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組的77.0%,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:舒適麻醉流程有利于減輕產(chǎn)婦焦慮,提高麻醉效果和術(shù)后滿意度,值得在臨床上推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 舒適麻醉; 產(chǎn)婦; 剖宮產(chǎn); 效果; 評(píng)價(jià)
The Application and Evaluation of Comfortable Anesthesia Process in Cesarean Section/JIANG Tao.//Medical Innovation of China,2014,11(01):071-073
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the evaluation of comfortable anesthesia process in cesarean section.Method:One hundred and twenty-two women underwent cesarean section surgery were selected in our hospital in 2012,according to the random number table method they were divided into the comfortable anesthesia group and the traditional anesthesia group,61 cases in each group.The comfortable anesthesia group was given psychological intervention,combined spinal epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia comfort anesthesia treatment,the traditional anesthesia group was given routine anesthesia treatment.The level of anxiety,the effect of anesthesia and operation satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The anxiety scores of entering the operating room time (T2) and starting of anesthesia time (T3) in the comfortable anesthesia group were lower than the traditional anesthesia group.The anesthesia effect of comfortable anesthesia group was obviously superior to the traditional anesthesia group,the anesthesia effect of comfortable anesthesia group Ⅲ and above the ratio of 75.4% was significantly higher than that of traditional anesthesia group (42.7%),pregnant women's satisfaction of the comfortable anesthesia group was 91.8%,it was obviously higher than that of the traditional anesthesia group(77.0%),the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Comfortable anesthesia process will help reduce the anxiety of maternal,improve anesthesia effect and postoperative satisfaction.Its worthy popularized in clinical practice.
【Key words】 Comfortable Anesthesia; Maternal; Cesarean section; Effect; Evaluation
First-authors address:Leyu Peoples Hospital of Zhangjiagang City,Zhangjiagang 215621,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.01.034
隨著醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,越來越多的患者要求在診療過程中獲得最大的舒適和無痛,麻醉無疑在這個(gè)過程中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用[1]。舒適麻醉是新近提出的一個(gè)概念,即通過采取合適的心理干預(yù)措施及麻醉誘導(dǎo)方式并結(jié)合術(shù)后多模式鎮(zhèn)痛,以求整個(gè)麻醉流程最大限度減少患者圍術(shù)期心理生理創(chuàng)傷[2]。本研究通過觀察舒適麻醉在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)中的運(yùn)用,分析產(chǎn)婦圍術(shù)期心理應(yīng)激、疼痛反應(yīng)和行為學(xué)反應(yīng),評(píng)價(jià)舒適麻醉在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)中的運(yùn)用效果,以期為臨床應(yīng)用提供基礎(chǔ)性資料。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取本院2012年收治的122例擇期行剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)的產(chǎn)婦,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級(jí),年齡21~35歲,平均(24.3±7.6)歲,孕周37~41周,平均(38±2.3)周,所有患者均無椎管內(nèi)麻醉禁忌證、無鎮(zhèn)痛藥物服藥史、無妊娠期高血壓疾病、肝腎功能異常等,排除前置胎盤、瘢痕子宮、雙胎或多胎等明顯干預(yù)觀察指標(biāo)的產(chǎn)婦。按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將所有產(chǎn)婦分為舒適麻醉組和傳統(tǒng)麻醉組各61例。其中,舒適麻醉組平均(25.2±8.1)歲,平均體重(59.7±10.3)kg,平均身高(163.7±11.2)cm,平均孕周(38.7±2.1)周;傳統(tǒng)麻醉組平均(23.9±7.8)歲,平均體重(61.2±9.6)kg,平均身高(164.7±10.4)cm,平均孕周(37.9±2.7)周,兩組產(chǎn)婦年齡、體重、身高、孕周等一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 麻醉方法
1.2.1 舒適麻醉組 (1)圍術(shù)期心理干預(yù)措施:術(shù)前訪視時(shí)與產(chǎn)婦和家屬溝通,詳細(xì)介紹麻醉方法;術(shù)前1 d帶產(chǎn)婦及家屬參觀手術(shù)室,介紹麻醉流程及相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng),與產(chǎn)婦在麻醉手術(shù)室攀談家常,模擬麻醉過程,與產(chǎn)婦熟悉,增加信任。(2)麻醉方式:采用腰麻-硬膜外聯(lián)合麻醉,產(chǎn)婦取左側(cè)臥位,先行L3~4間隙硬膜外穿刺,成功后退出針芯,再插入腰穿針,注入麻醉劑后,拔除腰麻針,并經(jīng)硬膜外穿刺向頭端置入硬膜外導(dǎo)管。(3)術(shù)后訪視3 d了解產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后疼痛及并發(fā)癥情況并及時(shí)處理,做好解釋工作和心理疏通。(4)術(shù)后鎮(zhèn)痛采用舒芬太尼和布托啡諾配置的靜脈鎮(zhèn)痛泵,對(duì)于嘔吐嚴(yán)重的采用氟哌利多鎮(zhèn)吐。
1.2.2 傳統(tǒng)麻醉組 (1)術(shù)前1 天于病房訪視,與家屬溝通麻醉流程及相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng),與產(chǎn)婦交流以增進(jìn)信任。(2)麻醉方式:采用單純性硬膜外麻醉,L2~3間隙硬膜外穿刺。(3)術(shù)后訪視3 d了解產(chǎn)婦術(shù)后疼痛和并發(fā)癥并及時(shí)處理,做好解釋和心理疏導(dǎo)。(4)術(shù)后采取常規(guī)鎮(zhèn)痛措施。
1.3 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)焦慮情況評(píng)分:分別于術(shù)前訪視時(shí)(T1)、入手術(shù)室時(shí)(T2)、麻醉開始時(shí)(T3)、術(shù)后6 h(T4)、術(shù)后24 h(T5)五個(gè)時(shí)點(diǎn),分別采用“漢密爾頓焦慮量表”(HAMA)評(píng)估各組產(chǎn)婦的焦慮水平。(2)麻醉效果評(píng)價(jià):鎮(zhèn)痛效果較差,疼痛劇烈,腹肌緊張,牽拉反應(yīng)較重,為Ⅰ級(jí);鎮(zhèn)痛效果有限,疼痛較輕,腹肌較緊,牽拉反應(yīng)較輕微,為Ⅱ級(jí);鎮(zhèn)痛效果良好,腹肌輕微緊,為Ⅲ級(jí);鎮(zhèn)痛效果較好,腹肌松軟,為Ⅳ級(jí)[3]。滿意度調(diào)查:于術(shù)后72 h回訪產(chǎn)婦滿意度。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用Excel 2003建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,采用SPSS 17.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用 字2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組產(chǎn)婦焦慮狀況評(píng)分比較 舒適麻醉組T2、T3時(shí)評(píng)分均明顯低于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組,比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組產(chǎn)婦麻醉效果比較 舒適麻醉組麻醉效果明顯優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組,舒適麻醉組麻醉效果Ⅲ級(jí)及以上的比例為75.4%明顯高于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組的42.7%,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=13.556,P=0.000),見表2。
表2 兩組產(chǎn)婦麻醉效果比較 例(%)
組別 Ⅰ級(jí) Ⅱ級(jí) Ⅲ級(jí) Ⅳ級(jí)
舒適麻醉組(n=61) 4(6.6) 11(18.0) 27(44.3) 19(31.1)
傳統(tǒng)麻醉組(n=61) 11(18.0) 24(39.3) 17(27.9) 9(14.8)
2.3 兩組術(shù)后72 h產(chǎn)婦滿意度情況比較 舒適麻醉組產(chǎn)婦滿意度91.8%明顯高于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組的77.0%,比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(字2=5.050,P=0.023),見表3。
表3 兩組術(shù)后72 h產(chǎn)婦滿意度情況比較 例(%)
組別 滿意 基本滿意 不滿意
舒適麻醉組(n=61) 33(54.1) 23(37.7) 5(8.2)
傳統(tǒng)麻醉組(n=61) 19(31.1) 28(45.9) 14(23.0)
3 討論
近年來隨著醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,新型麻醉藥物也不斷在臨床應(yīng)用,麻醉方式也不斷改善,在提高手術(shù)安全性的同時(shí),也進(jìn)一步減輕了手術(shù)者在術(shù)中的痛苦,舒適麻醉流程作為一種應(yīng)激反應(yīng)少、痛苦少、并發(fā)癥少、麻醉效果好的綜合麻醉方式,越來越在臨床手術(shù)中受到青睞[4]。由于產(chǎn)婦特殊的生理和心理特點(diǎn),常常會(huì)在懷孕期間產(chǎn)生焦慮心情,剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)在一定程度上會(huì)加劇產(chǎn)婦的焦慮,產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的心理生理反應(yīng),增加了手術(shù)麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn),加劇術(shù)后疼痛,影響術(shù)后恢復(fù),甚至留下永久的精神創(chuàng)傷[5-6]。
舒適麻醉組通過術(shù)前對(duì)產(chǎn)婦的綜合心理干預(yù),能夠有效減輕產(chǎn)婦麻醉過程的焦慮,提高麻醉效果。術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備時(shí),與產(chǎn)婦及家屬交流,術(shù)前1天帶產(chǎn)婦及家屬參觀麻手術(shù)室,模擬麻醉過程,可以有效降低產(chǎn)婦心理應(yīng)激發(fā)生,舒適麻醉組入手術(shù)室時(shí)和麻醉開始時(shí)評(píng)分均低于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。心理滿足已成為產(chǎn)婦麻醉的重要組成部分[7]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),舒適麻醉組采用腰麻-硬膜外聯(lián)合麻醉,以及術(shù)后采用靜脈泵鎮(zhèn)痛,可以有效提高麻醉效果,同時(shí)減輕產(chǎn)婦圍術(shù)期疼痛,與Abizanda等[8]和胡玲等[9]研究結(jié)論一致。本研究于術(shù)后72 h對(duì)本次手術(shù)產(chǎn)婦滿意度進(jìn)行調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),舒適麻醉組產(chǎn)婦滿意度91.8%明顯高于傳統(tǒng)麻醉組的77.0%。這說明舒適麻醉模式給產(chǎn)婦造成的痛苦少,容易被產(chǎn)婦所接受,與Ninidze等[10]報(bào)道結(jié)論相同。因此,采取圍手術(shù)期心理干預(yù)和多模式鎮(zhèn)痛相結(jié)合的舒適麻醉,有利于減輕產(chǎn)婦焦慮,提高產(chǎn)婦麻醉誘過程中的合作度,提高麻醉效果,減少手術(shù)及麻醉并發(fā)癥,同時(shí),增加產(chǎn)婦對(duì)手術(shù)的滿意度,值得在臨床上進(jìn)一步推廣。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]楊承祥.麻醉與舒適醫(yī)療[M].北京:北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)出版社,2011:1-3.
[2] Bengisun Z K,Salviz E A,Darcin K,et al.Intraarticular levobupivacaine or bupivacaine administration decreases pain scores and provides a better recovery after total knee arthroplasty[J].Journal of Anesthesia,2010,24(5):694-699.
[3]王敏.腰麻-硬膜外聯(lián)合麻醉在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用[J].中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究,2013,11(1):23.
[4]周曉雪,衛(wèi)強(qiáng),戴載深.舒適麻醉流程在學(xué)齡前期小兒手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用[J].按摩與康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué),2012,3(12):412.
[5]魏海茹,杜義敏,李麗雅,等.孕婦心理狀況調(diào)查分析[J].河北醫(yī)藥,2011,33(4):617-618.
[6] Mowatt L,Youseff E,Langford M.Anaesthesia for phacosemulsification surgery:is it as comfortable as we think?[J].Journal of perioperative practice,2010,20(1):30.
[7]蔣紅玲.對(duì)剖腹產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦心理干預(yù)的實(shí)證分析[J].湖南科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2008,29(12):82-83.
[8] Abizanda F P,Reina M A,Ruiz I F,et al.Paresthesia in various spinal anesthesia techniques for cesarean section[J].Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim,2007,54(9):529.
[9]胡玲.不同鎮(zhèn)痛方式對(duì)剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及焦慮狀況的影響[J].醫(yī)學(xué)臨床研究,2013,30(3):512-515.
[10] Ninidze N N,Chelidze G D,Davarashvili D I,et al.The importance of labor pain relief in the process of childbirth,the regional anaesthesia in caesarean section and in operational gynaecology[J].Georgian Medical News,2006,12(138):89.
(收稿日期:2013-07-03) (本文編輯:歐麗)
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]楊承祥.麻醉與舒適醫(yī)療[M].北京:北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)出版社,2011:1-3.
[2] Bengisun Z K,Salviz E A,Darcin K,et al.Intraarticular levobupivacaine or bupivacaine administration decreases pain scores and provides a better recovery after total knee arthroplasty[J].Journal of Anesthesia,2010,24(5):694-699.
[3]王敏.腰麻-硬膜外聯(lián)合麻醉在剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用[J].中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究,2013,11(1):23.
[4]周曉雪,衛(wèi)強(qiáng),戴載深.舒適麻醉流程在學(xué)齡前期小兒手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用[J].按摩與康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué),2012,3(12):412.
[5]魏海茹,杜義敏,李麗雅,等.孕婦心理狀況調(diào)查分析[J].河北醫(yī)藥,2011,33(4):617-618.
[6] Mowatt L,Youseff E,Langford M.Anaesthesia for phacosemulsification surgery:is it as comfortable as we think?[J].Journal of perioperative practice,2010,20(1):30.
[7]蔣紅玲.對(duì)剖腹產(chǎn)產(chǎn)婦心理干預(yù)的實(shí)證分析[J].湖南科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2008,29(12):82-83.
[8] Abizanda F P,Reina M A,Ruiz I F,et al.Paresthesia in various spinal anesthesia techniques for cesarean section[J].Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim,2007,54(9):529.
[9]胡玲.不同鎮(zhèn)痛方式對(duì)剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)患者應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及焦慮狀況的影響[J].醫(yī)學(xué)臨床研究,2013,30(3):512-515.
[10] Ninidze N N,Chelidze G D,Davarashvili D I,et al.The importance of labor pain relief in the process of childbirth,the regional anaesthesia in caesarean section and in operational gynaecology[J].Georgian Medical News,2006,12(138):89.
(收稿日期:2013-07-03) (本文編輯:歐麗)
參考文獻(xiàn)
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(收稿日期:2013-07-03) (本文編輯:歐麗)