摘 要： 文章對照2013年福建省高考《考試說明》，結(jié)合對近幾年高考試題的分析，認(rèn)真研究《考試說明》，了解新課程高考英語試卷特點(diǎn)，適用有效答題策略，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。

關(guān)鍵詞： 高考復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 答題策略

1.引言

正如2013年高考英語（福建）《考試說明》所述，閱讀是我國考生接觸英語，了解英語國家文化，培養(yǎng)跨文化交際意識(shí)的主要途徑，是高中英語教學(xué)和測試評價(jià)的重點(diǎn)。因此，閱讀理解在試卷中所占權(quán)重較大。

2.閱讀理解測試考生閱讀理解書面英語的能力

它主要考查考生獲取、分析和處理信息的能力。所選的文章內(nèi)容貼近生活、貼近社會(huì)、貼近時(shí)代，語言地道，體裁多樣，題材豐富。要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。題目類型主要有：

2.1理解短文中的具體信息

任何一篇文章都包含大量的細(xì)節(jié)信息，用來支持文章中心思想的闡述。這些細(xì)節(jié)對于理解文章內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要。

2.2根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義或句意

2013年《考試說明》強(qiáng)調(diào)推斷生詞含義是學(xué)生所必須具備的能力。也就是說，詞匯是《考試說明》的重中之重，根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義或句意的題目應(yīng)該會(huì)出。

2.3作出簡單判斷和推測

閱讀的主要目的是獲取相關(guān)信息，也就是理解文章作者所要傳達(dá)的信息。這些信息中，有些需要根據(jù)短文提供的線索和事實(shí)，進(jìn)行判斷和推理，推測出作者沒有提到的事實(shí)或發(fā)生某事的可能性或趨勢。

2.4理解文章主旨和大意

每一篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)主旨和要義。在英語中，作者一般是在文章第一段甚至是第一句就表明文章的主旨大意。有時(shí)則放在文章的最后。少數(shù)文章的主旨大意需要從文章的字里行間進(jìn)行推斷。

2.5理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

了解了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，才能準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章內(nèi)容。要把握住全篇文章的文脈，也就是句與句之間、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。要理解文章中某一段落的作用或者某一些詞語的指代關(guān)系等。

2.6理解作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和意圖

每一篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)特定的寫作目的及意圖。但是，這些信息通常并沒有明確地表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在字里行間。學(xué)生要在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的弦外之音。

3.高考英語閱讀理解試題答題策略

在高考實(shí)際答題中，由于時(shí)間限制，考生不可能詳細(xì)品讀文章，最具實(shí)效的答題策略就是巧用關(guān)鍵詞搜索答案出處，迅速準(zhǔn)確地選對答案。以下以一篇人物傳記題材的閱讀理解題為例，說明如何確定關(guān)鍵詞搜索答案。

【例】It was a very happy family.The life was fairly well off.Father，Leopold，was a music master in Austria.Mother was warm hearted.There were two children，Marianne，a schoolgirl，and little Wolfgang，a child not quite four years old.Marianne was learning to play the piano，and day after day Leopold stood behind her as she practiced.How patient her father was，and how cleverly he showed Marianne how to play some particularly difficult pieces！She was making progress，very good progress，and that was excellent. ①And there，almost lost in the big chair，sat Wolfgang，who never had to be told to keep quiet when Marianne was practicing.

One evening at sunset Leopold patted Marianne’s shoulder，saying she had done well. At that moment Wolfgang climbed on his father’s knee and begged to be allowed to play the pretty piece Marianne had now mastered. What a joke that was！Picking up his baby son，Leopold laughed and said，②“Look at your small hands.You must wait，little man！”

③There was no end of fun during tea，and Marianne had to tell her mother about Wolfgang wanting to play a difficult piece.When the meal was finished，Marianne helped to clear away the dishes.Suddenly Leopold got up.④“Listen！”said he in a surprised voice.“Listen！”“Marianne is playing the piece better than ever！”

But Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen.

His wife following，Leopold walked quietly upstairs，the lamp in one hand，his music book in the other.He pushed open the door，and there was little Wolfgang playing in the darkness.“I love it.”whispered the child.

It was the beginning of Mozart’s life of music.

1.Wolfgang was quiet when his sister practiced the piano because？搖 ？搖？搖？搖.

A.he liked his sister

B.he loved music

C.he didn’t feel well

D.he didn’ t want to make a noise

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)判斷，關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)為Wolfgang，quiet。用它們?nèi)ノ闹袙呙?，在第一段最后找到句子①，說Wolfgang不用別人提醒就會(huì)自覺安靜下來聽姐姐演奏，表明他喜愛音樂，故選B。

2.Wolfgang’s father told him he couldn’t play the piano yet because？搖？搖 ？搖？搖.

A.he was too small

B.his sister was taking lessons

C.he had to help his mother

D.he had to wait for his sister to finish practicing

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中出現(xiàn)told一詞，跟說話有關(guān)，可能要在引號(hào)中找答案。在第二段最后找到句子②，說Wolfgang手太小，要等（到長大），故選A。

3.At tea time the family had？搖？搖 ？搖？搖.

A.no fun B.a little fun C.a lot of fun D.little fun

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)判斷，關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)為tea。用它們?nèi)ノ闹袙呙瑁诘谌蔚谝痪湔业骄渥英?，其中“no end of fun”說明應(yīng)選C。

4.Shortly after tea Leopold heard the music from upstairs. He was astonished because？搖 ？搖？搖？搖.

A.Marianne had never played the piece so beautifully

B.Marianne was washing dishes in the kitchen

C.Wolfgang was playing in the darkness

D.Wolfgang loved the piece so much

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中出現(xiàn)after tea，說明答案出處在第3題之后，且關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)為astonished。但用它去文中第三段以后掃描，卻找不到。我們在句子④中找到了它的同義詞surprised，從該句知道應(yīng)該選A。

用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞去文中掃描找到答案，對于半數(shù)以上的閱讀理解題是適用的，而且大大節(jié)省了考生的答題時(shí)間。我覺得在高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)閱讀理解題作答時(shí)效果良好，各位考生不妨一試。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]2013年福建省高考英語科考試說明.