名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句一樣是高考的重頭戲,一直受高考出題者青睞。筆者對(duì)此進(jìn)行了易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)歸類,并做了剖析。
一、名詞性從句中that與what的誤用
連詞that在名詞性從句中不做成分,只起連接主從句的作用;What在名詞性從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,并起連接主從句的作用。
【真題回放】
1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.(2010 北京,33)
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
解析:B。本題考查主語(yǔ)從句,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞regard后面缺少賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用what作賓語(yǔ)并引導(dǎo)從句。
二、引導(dǎo)詞whoever與who的區(qū)別
Whoever在名詞性從句中翻譯成“……的人”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人相當(dāng)于anyone who;而who則翻譯成“誰(shuí)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事。
【真題回放】
1.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?(2009全國(guó)I,24)
A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever
解析:C。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是跟人交談,故排除B、D兩項(xiàng);又因?yàn)閺?qiáng)調(diào)的是“……的人”而不是“誰(shuí)”,所以選whoever在此相當(dāng)于anyone who。
三、名詞性從句中whether和if的異同
Whether和if在名詞性從句中譯為“是否”,if只引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并且是動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,而whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句。
【真題回放】
1.We haven’t settled the question of it is necessary for him to study abroad.(2006江蘇,35)
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
解析:C。根據(jù)句意排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。介詞of后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只用whether,不用if。
四、名詞性從句的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)
1.that通常不可省略的情況
(1)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句,that都不可?。?/p>
(2)當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略。
2.Wh-ever與no matter wh-的用法區(qū)別
Wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,而no matter wh-只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
(1)Whatever I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.
=No matter what I said,he wouldn’t listen to me.
無(wú)論我說(shuō)什么,他都不會(huì)聽(tīng)我的。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
(2)He would believe whatever I said.
我說(shuō)什么他都信。(賓語(yǔ)從句)
3.連詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞之后,如:fact,hope,desire,thought等,對(duì)前面的名詞起內(nèi)容解釋和說(shuō)明的作用,連詞that只起引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分,因此that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句是完整的,不缺任何成分。
關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that一方面起引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的作用,另一方面,that在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),因此,that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是殘缺的。如:
(1)The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位語(yǔ)從句,不缺任何成分)
(2)The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.(定語(yǔ)從句,缺少賓語(yǔ))
名詞性從句綜合檢測(cè)題:
1.As a new graduate,he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.(2010天津,14)
A. how B. what C. when D. which
2.It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(2010陜西,18)
A. which B. what C. that D. if
3.Before the sales start,I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season.(2010山東,26)
A. why B. what C. how D. which
4.We should consider the students’request the school library provide more books on popular science.(2009重慶,31)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
5.—Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport
—No problem.(2009浙江,12)
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
6.People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.(08重慶)
A. that B. which C. what D. how
7. was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(2008山東)
A. It B. This C. What D. As
8.When asked they needed most,the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.(2008湖南卷)
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
9.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.(2008北京卷)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
10.You can only be sure of you have at present;you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.[2007 安徽卷]
A. that;what B. what;/ C. which; that D. /; that
Keys:
1—5 BCBAB 6—10 CCCCB