楊翠菊
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,很多同學(xué)覺得記憶單詞很困難,并且即便是記住了,過幾天又會(huì)忘記。結(jié)果導(dǎo)致很多同學(xué)對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)越來越?jīng)]有興趣,提起單詞就害怕。其實(shí)記憶單詞關(guān)鍵是要掌握規(guī)律,學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三聯(lián)想記憶。根據(jù)斯賓浩斯記憶曲線,記憶就是跟遺忘做斗爭(zhēng),記憶就是要不斷地復(fù)習(xí)。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,要學(xué)會(huì)總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律。學(xué)會(huì)把單詞放在短語(yǔ)里,短語(yǔ)放在句子里,句子放在文章里。這樣每個(gè)單詞不是孤立的個(gè)體,而是有語(yǔ)境有意義的整體。把個(gè)體放在整體中去記憶,賦予每個(gè)個(gè)體生命,這樣的記憶才會(huì)更牢固。下面我以必修5的Unit 1&2的重點(diǎn)單詞為例,向同學(xué)們講解如何總結(jié)單詞詞組的規(guī)律,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。
1. be+adj.+prep.
be strict with ... 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的
be consistent with 與……一致,相符
be thrilled with 對(duì)……興奮、激動(dòng)
be positive about 對(duì)……積極、肯定
be enthusiastic about 對(duì)……熱情、熱心
be cautious about 對(duì)……謹(jǐn)慎
be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事
be convenient to sb 對(duì)……來說方便
Shes very strict with her children. 她待子女很嚴(yán)。
What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你現(xiàn)在說的話與你上星期說過的話不相符。
The audience was thrilled with his performance.觀眾為他的表演而激動(dòng)。
She was quite positive about the amount of money involved. 她對(duì)所涉及的錢數(shù)十分肯定。
Do you think the English are enthusiastic about all the Russian developments? 你們認(rèn)為英國(guó)人對(duì)俄國(guó)的這一切進(jìn)展會(huì)感到高興嗎?
The boss is cautious about making promises. 老板對(duì)承諾持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。
I was unwilling to cooperate without having more information. 我不想在不夠了解的情況下參與合作。
Come to see me whenever it is convenient to you. 你什么時(shí)候方便,就請(qǐng)來看我。
在記憶這類詞組時(shí),同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)總結(jié)不同形容詞所接的介詞是不一樣的。對(duì)于所接介詞一樣的形容詞可以放在一起記憶,這樣就能達(dá)到舉一反三的效果。
2. be+v.-ed+prep.
英語(yǔ)里有些動(dòng)詞,本身的動(dòng)詞詞組強(qiáng)調(diào)一種動(dòng)作,同時(shí)也存在其-ed分詞形式,強(qiáng)調(diào)一種狀態(tài),即把其-ed分詞形式當(dāng)形容詞用。在這兩個(gè)單元中出現(xiàn)的這類詞組有:
expose ... to ... 使……暴露于……
be exposed to ... 暴露于……
link ... to/with ... 把……與……連接或聯(lián)系起來
be linked to/with 與……有關(guān)聯(lián)
(此處to為介詞,后面應(yīng)接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,類似的詞組有:be used to習(xí)慣于;be related to與……有關(guān); be addicted to沉溺于;be devoted to 致力于;be admitted to被……錄??;be attached to附屬于;be accustomed to習(xí)慣于等等)
be absorbed in ……專心于;全神貫注于
(類似的詞組還有be lost in, be devoted to, be buried in, be occupied in/with ... 等等)
Do not expose it to the sun. 此物謹(jǐn)防日曬。
This liquid is not to be exposed to air, for it will soon evaporate. 這種液體不可暴露在空氣中,因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)很快蒸發(fā)掉。
The newspapers have linked his name with hers.報(bào)紙報(bào)道把他和她的名字聯(lián)系在一起。
Climate change policy can be linked to development and win support from developing countries for low carbon growth. 氣候變化政策可以與發(fā)展聯(lián)系起來,從而贏得發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的支持。
3. v.+prep.
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,我們知道及物動(dòng)詞可以直接接賓語(yǔ),不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接接賓語(yǔ)。不及物動(dòng)詞要接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)需在其后加一個(gè)介詞,及物動(dòng)詞接雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也要加一個(gè)介詞,不同的動(dòng)詞所接的介詞不一樣,這就需要同學(xué)們平時(shí)多注意積累,可將相似結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)放在一起記憶。以必修5 Unit1&2兩個(gè)單元的單詞為例:
cure sb of ... 治愈某人的?。桓牡裟橙说膲牧?xí)慣
suspect sb of ... 懷疑某人有某種罪行或做過某事
(類似結(jié)構(gòu)的還有remind sb of sth使某人想起某事;rob sb of sth搶了某人某物;inform sb of sth通知某人某事;warn sb of sth警告某人某事;accuse sb of sth控告某人某事)
consist of 由……組成(不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(=be made up of; be composed of)
attend to sb/sth 處理,照顧,專心于某事 (to在這里是介詞,類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有l(wèi)ead to 導(dǎo)致; look forward to盼望; pay attention to注意; stick to堅(jiān)持;contribute to對(duì)…作貢獻(xiàn); apply oneself to致力于)
divide sth into sth 把……分開/分割開(=separate sth from sth)
The doctors cured her of cancer. 醫(yī)生治好了她的癌癥。
What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你憑什么懷疑錢是她偷的?
The committee consists of ten members. 委員會(huì)由十人組成。
Could you attend to this matter immediately? 你能不能立刻處理這件事?
Divide the cake into equal parts. 把蛋糕分成等份。
4. v.+adv.
在英語(yǔ)中,有很多這樣的詞組,即同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后接不同副詞時(shí)其意思不一樣,這樣的詞組需要同學(xué)們平時(shí)多積累,尤其是一些常見的詞組會(huì)有一些不常見的意思,這就需要我們平時(shí)多留心,多記憶總結(jié)。
put forward 提出;推薦;提前;撥快(時(shí)鐘)
put aside 放一邊;積蓄
put down 寫下;鎮(zhèn)壓;讓某人下車
put off 推遲;延期;打攪某人
put up 舉起;張貼;向某人提供食宿
She is putting forward radical proposals for electoral reform. 她為選舉制度的改革提出極為激進(jìn)的建議。
Put your watch forward; youre five minutes slow. 把你的表往前撥撥; 你的表慢了五分鐘。
Shes put aside a tidy sum for her retirement. 她存了一筆相當(dāng)可觀的錢以備退休之用。
The bus stopped to put down some passengers. 公共汽車停下來讓一些旅客下車。
Dont put me off when Im trying to concentrate. 我正要集中注意力呢, 別打攪我。
We can put you up for the night. 我們可以招待你過夜。
leave out 省去;遺漏;不考慮
leave aside 不考慮; 忽視
leave behind 留下;忘帶
leave off 停止
leave over 推遲
This word is wrongly spelt; youve left out a letter. 這字拼錯(cuò)了, 你漏了一個(gè)字母。
Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car? 拋開費(fèi)用不說, 且問我們真的需要再買一輛汽車嗎?
The storm left a trail of destruction behind. 暴風(fēng)雨過后留下滿目瘡痍的景象。
Hasnt the rain left off yet? 雨還沒停嗎?
These matters will have to be left over until the next meeting. 這些事情只好留到下次會(huì)議再討論了。
break away (from)掙脫;脫離
break down (機(jī)器)損壞;破壞;感情失去控制;(健康狀況)變得惡劣
break into強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入某處;突然開始(大笑、唱歌、歡呼等)
break through有重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)見;突破;強(qiáng)行穿過(某事物);從(云層)后面出現(xiàn)
break up 解散,散去;結(jié)束;強(qiáng)行驅(qū)散某物
The prisoner broke away from his guards. 囚犯從看守者手中逃脫了。
The telephone system has broken down. 電話系統(tǒng)失靈了。
He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 他聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)不禁痛哭起來。
As the Presidents car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause. 總統(tǒng)的汽車到達(dá)時(shí), 群眾中爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。
The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 太陽(yáng)在下午終于從云層后面鉆出來了。
They decided to break up the partnership. 他們決定終止合作關(guān)系。
5. to+ones+n.
to ones credit 為……帶來榮譽(yù);值得贊揚(yáng);在……名下
to ones delight 令人高興的是
It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found; your honesty does you credit. 你拾金不昧是非常難能可貴的; 你很誠(chéng)實(shí), 應(yīng)該受到表?yè)P(yáng)。
To our great delight, the day turned out fine. 令我們感到高興的是天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴了。
英語(yǔ)中,“to +ones+情感名詞”,表達(dá)人的喜怒哀樂,常譯為“令某人……的是”。能用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞還有 admiration羨慕, amazement驚奇, amusement娛樂, annoyance煩惱, astonishment 驚奇, despair絕望, disappointment失望, embarrassment難堪, horror恐怖, joy高興, puzzlement疑惑, regret遺憾, relief放心, satisfaction滿意, shame羞愧, sorrow悲傷, surprise驚訝等。
To my amazement, he arrived on time. 令我驚異的是,他居然準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到了。
To her embarrassment, she couldnt remember his name. 令她感到尷尬的是,她記不起他的名字了。
To my shame, I never thanked him for his kindness. 我感到慚愧的是對(duì)他的好意我從未表示過感謝。
在英語(yǔ)中,還有很多其他的方法可以將詞組歸類,歸類的目的是方便記憶。希望同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中,多思考多總結(jié),這樣你的英語(yǔ)一定會(huì)更上一層樓。記住:學(xué)而不思則罔,思而不學(xué)則殆。
練習(xí)
1. Mark suggested the problem worth paying attention to _____________at the meeting. (put)
馬克建議把那個(gè)值得注意的問題在會(huì)議上提出來。
2. Anyone _____________ suffering from depression must be shifted to lighter work. (suspect)
任何人,一旦被懷疑患有抑郁癥,就應(yīng)該換一個(gè)輕松一點(diǎn)的崗位。
3. _____________you have overcome such difficulties. (credit)
你們克服了這樣的困難,值得大大的贊揚(yáng)。
4. His remark showed that he didnt feel like _____________. (leave)
他的話顯示他不喜歡被忽視。
5. When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair,_____________the humorous stories he was reading. (absorb)
當(dāng)我打開門,發(fā)現(xiàn)我的父親正坐在椅子上,完全沉迷于他正讀的幽默故事里。
6. With some urgent business _____________ , Mr. Smith has decided to put off his journey to Vietnam. (attend)
由于有一些要緊事要處理,斯密斯先生決定推遲他去越南的旅行。
7. _____________ for too much time, you will get sun burnt. (expose)
暴露在陽(yáng)光下太久,你會(huì)被曬傷。
8. Evidence shows that John_____________ the shooting. (link)
證據(jù)顯示約翰與這起槍擊案有關(guān)。
參考答案
1. should be put forward
2. (who is) suspected of
3. Greatly to your credit
4. being left out
5. completely absorbed in
6. to attend to
7. Expose to sun
8. is linked to