田國(guó)衛(wèi)
摘 要: paraphrase在整個(gè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中貫穿始終,在高年級(jí)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中更廣泛。如何做好paraphrase,對(duì)于高年級(jí)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)十分重要,尤其對(duì)考研的學(xué)生來說,經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到paraphrase這樣的題型。本文結(jié)合高級(jí)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的具體事例探討如何在《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)》學(xué)習(xí)中做好paraphrase的問題。
關(guān)鍵詞: 《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)》 Paraphrase 長(zhǎng)句
《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)》課程是針對(duì)高年級(jí)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生開設(shè)的一門重要的專業(yè)課。在本課程的學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)生不僅要掌握英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的技巧,更重要的是要提高分析欣賞文章的能力。那么,如何更好地理解文章中的長(zhǎng)難句呢?學(xué)會(huì)paraphrase十分重要。
一、Paraphrase的定義
根據(jù)《新英漢詞典》,paraphrase被解釋為“釋義,意譯”,但這還不足以清楚的表達(dá)paraphrase的內(nèi)涵。根據(jù)Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,paraphrase指的是“re-expression of something written or said in different words,especially words that are easier to understand”。由此可見,paraphrase包含兩個(gè)方面:一是用不同的詞表達(dá)與原文相同的意思,二是用來重新表達(dá)的詞更簡(jiǎn)單易懂。在理解了什么是paraphrase之后,我們?cè)俜治鲈趯W(xué)習(xí)中如何做好paraphrase。
二、做好paraphrase的方法
1.用同義詞替換原句中的單詞
paraphrase之所以難以理解,原因之一是原文中出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)詞或詞組不是我們常用的,一般較正式或過于抽象。如:
As you approach it,a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.
→As you get near it,a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.
2.解釋原句中的較難部分
這種方法往往是因?yàn)榫渥又谐霈F(xiàn)了專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)、俚語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)和各種修辭等,需要用淺顯易懂的語(yǔ)言解釋出來。
Theyll throw the book,and never mind who it hits...
→Theyll deal out the maximum in punishment,to apply the full force of the law and they will not care who will be punished in this case.
To throw the book is an idiom,in which the word book means the law book.It refers to the book.Here Ogilvie follows the metaphor through.
3.將長(zhǎng)句拆分
在面對(duì)一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的句子時(shí)通常使用通常此方法,首先要正確劃分句子成分,然后將長(zhǎng)句分解成簡(jiǎn)單句。如:
Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engrave with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country,pleasing in form,but undecorated and strictly functional.
這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句看起來較復(fù)雜,其主干實(shí)際上是here yon can find pots and bowls or kitchenware,賓語(yǔ)前后分別跟著自己的定語(yǔ)。分清楚句子的結(jié)構(gòu)以后,我們可以將其拆分成幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,如下:Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engrave which have delicate and intricate traditional designs;you can also find the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country,which are pleasing in form but are undecorated and strictly functional.
4.將句子放到上下文中理解
Winant said the same would be true of the U.S.A.
→Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.
The same refers to the same attitude.因?yàn)樯衔闹幸恢痹谡劯鲊?guó)所持有的態(tài)度。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]梅仁毅,王立禮.Advanced English.外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,2010.
[2]張漢熙.Advanced English.外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,2010.
[3]李冀宏.英語(yǔ)常用修辭入門.世界圖書出版公司,2000(3).
[4]陳立志.利用釋義法促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)疑難句子的理解.河北工程技術(shù)高等??茖W(xué)校學(xué)報(bào),2001-9-3.