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2010—2012年高考常用動詞短語考點一覽

2013-04-29 00:44:03吳濤
關(guān)鍵詞:真題小品介詞

動詞短語一直是高考考查的一個熱點,幾乎每套題中都要設(shè)置2—3個考查動詞短語的題目。從設(shè)題上看,主要有以下幾種形式:

一、動詞相同,后面加上不同的小品詞(即介詞或副詞)

常見的這類動詞有:get, turn, put, agree, take, run, break, set, die, call, cut, come, go, look, pay, pick, make等。

1. get + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:get away with僥幸逃脫;get on with與……友好相處;get through接通,順利通過,完成;get across被理解,越過;get about傳播;走動;get in進入;陷入;get off下車,下來等。

【真題】 After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. (2010浙江12)

A. get away withB. get on with

C. get throughD. get across

【解析】 該題句意是:經(jīng)過那件事之后,他明白了他能盡一切可能去順利解決任何突發(fā)情況。故正確答案為選項C。

2. turn + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:turn out 外出;turn on打開;turn in上床睡覺,上繳;turn around轉(zhuǎn)身;turn about / round (使) 向后轉(zhuǎn),回頭,轉(zhuǎn)身;turn against反對;背叛;turn away轉(zhuǎn)過臉去,拒絕;turn back往回走;turn into變成;turn off關(guān)掉;turn to轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于;turn up調(diào)高,出現(xiàn)等。

【真題】 Thousands of people to watch yesterdays match against Ireland. (2010遼寧28)

A. turned onB. turned in

C. turned aroundD. turned out

【解析】 該句句意為:數(shù)千人出來觀看昨天同愛爾蘭隊的比賽。故正確答案為選項D。

【真題】 —You look upset. Whats the matter?

—I had my proposal again. (2011江蘇30)

A. turned overB. turned on

C. turned offD. turned down

【解析】 根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)該是“我的建議遭到拒絕”。所以正確答案為D。

3. put + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:put away 放好,收拾起來;put up舉起,搭建,張貼,掛起,住宿;put on穿上,戴上;put together組裝,裝配,把……湊合起來;put aside把……放在一邊;put back把……放回原處;put down放下,寫下,鎮(zhèn)壓;put forward提出,建議;put in放進;put off推遲,拖延;put out生產(chǎn),出版等。

【真題】 My mother opened the drawer to the knives and spoons. (2010全國II8)

A. put awayB. put up

C. put onD. put together

【解析】 該句句意為:媽媽打開抽屜將刀和調(diào)羹放好。故正確答案為選項A。

【真題】 He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of at a hotel for the night. (2011浙江12)

A. putting downB. putting off

C. putting onD. putting up

【解析】 該句句意為:他決定開車回家而不在賓館住宿。故正確答案為選項D。

4. agree + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:agree with同意,贊成;與……相適應(yīng);后接sb.或what從句;agree to同意,贊成 (觀點,看法等);agree on就……達成協(xié)議;agree about對……有相同的看法。

【真題】 You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must you, I suppose. (2010陜西14)

A. agree withB. agree to

C. agree onD. agree about

【解析】 該句句意為:你看上去很好。我認為三亞的空氣和海鮮很適合你。故選A項。

5. take + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:take in收進,理解,欺騙;take off脫去,起飛;take on呈現(xiàn)出,雇傭;take out取出,除去,摘錄;take down拿下,記下;take over接收,接辦,接任;take up拿起,占等。

【真題】 Some insects the color of their surroundings to protect themselves. (2011陜西25)

A. take inB. take off

C. take onD. take out

【解析】 該句句意為:有些昆蟲為了保護自己,呈現(xiàn)出和環(huán)境相同的顏色。故正確答案為C。

6. run + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:run away from逃離,躲避;run off with偷走;與……私奔;run up against偶遇;run out of用完;run across偶然碰見,不期而遇;run after追求,追逐;run against撞上,違反;run into偶然碰見,陷入,注入;run through花光,穿過等。

【真題】 —OK, Ive had enough of it. I give up. (2012江蘇26)

—You cant your responsibilities.

A. run off withB. run up against

C. run out ofD. run away from

【解析】 句意為:——好了,我已受夠了,我放棄?!悴荒芴颖苣愕呢?zé)任。應(yīng)選D項。

7. break + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:break in打斷,闖入,開始工作;break up結(jié)束,散開;分解;break out爆發(fā);break down崩潰,垮掉;出毛病;拋錨;break through突破,突圍;break off中斷,突然停止;break into破門而入;break away突然離開,逃脫,脫離等。

【真題】 He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system . (2012陜西19)

A. broke inB. broke up

C. broke outD. broke down

【解析】 題干意思是:他時不時地停下來擦去額頭的汗水,因為空調(diào)出毛病了。選D。

8. set + 介詞 / 副詞的短語有:set about doing sth. = set out to do sth. 著手;set off出發(fā);set up建立;set aside把……放到一邊;set back撥回;set down放下,記下等。

【真題】 Armed with the information you have gathered, you can preparing your business plan. (2012浙江15)

A. set outB. set about

C. set offD. set up

【解析】 題干意思是:有這么多你所收集的信息,你可以著手準備你的商業(yè)計劃了。故正確答案為B。

We to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day. (2012全國II12)

A. set aboutB. set up

C. set outD. set down

【解析】 題干意思是:我們著手將整個房子油漆好,可是那天只完成前面的部分。故正確答案為C。

二、動詞不同,后面加上相同的小品詞

使用頻率較高的這類動詞有find, point, rule, carry, take, get, shut, call, cut, come, go, look, set等。常見的介詞或副詞有:in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over等。

1. 動詞 + out構(gòu)成的短語有:find out查找出;point out指出;rule out排除;carry out執(zhí)行,實施;go out出去;look out向外看;當(dāng)心;walk out走出去,罷工等。

【真題】 The experiment has the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets. (2010江蘇26)

A. found outB. pointed out

C. ruled outD. carried out

【解析】 該句句意為:該實驗已經(jīng)排除了星球上存在生命的可能性,但并不意味著在其他星球上沒有生命。故正確答案為C。

2. 動詞 + up構(gòu)成的短語有:take up占據(jù),開始從事; get up起床;shut up住嘴,關(guān)閉;set up建立;bring up撫養(yǎng),培養(yǎng);call up召喚,打電話;come up走進,上來;cut up切碎;fix up修理;give up放棄;go up上升,增長;grow up長大;look up向上看,查詢,尊敬;make up組成,彌補,虛構(gòu);put up舉起,搭建;pick up撿起,無意間學(xué)會,收聽;send up發(fā)射;show up揭露,露面;turn up出現(xiàn),開大等。

【真題】 Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man and left. (2010四川8)

A. took upB. got up

C. shut upD. set up

【解析】 該句句意為:Jenny正在找一個座位,就在那時,很幸運地,一個人站起來離開了。故選B。

3. 動詞 + to構(gòu)成的短語有:appeal to 吸引:belong to屬于;refer to提到;涉及;occur to突然想到;object to反對;stick to堅持;subscribe to同意,贊成等。

【真題】 —How did you like Nicks performance last night? (2010安徽23)

—To be honest, his singing didnt to me much?

A. appealB. belong

C. referD. occur

【解析】 句意為“她的演唱并不怎么吸引我?!惫收_答案為A。

4. 動詞 + up構(gòu)成的短語有:pick up學(xué)會;撿起;順車接送,搭載;收拾,整理;重新開始;獲得;bring up撫養(yǎng),教育;提出;嘔吐;look up向上看;(形勢) 好轉(zhuǎn),改善;查閱;set up建立,設(shè)置;造成,產(chǎn)生;call up打電話給,召喚;come up走進,上來;cut up切碎;fix up修理;give up放棄;go up上升、增長;grow up長大;make up編造;組成;put up舉起;搭建;send up發(fā)射;show up露面;揭露;turn up出現(xiàn);開大;take up占據(jù);開始從事等。

【真題】 Sam some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. (2010山東27)

A. brought upB. looked up

C. picked upD. set up

【解析】 該題句意為:山姆只是憑借看別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識。故選C。

【真題】 Its surprising that your brother Russian so quickly—he hasnt lived there very long. (2012四川20)

A. picked upB. looked up

C. put upD. made up

【解析】 該題句意為:令人驚奇的是,你的弟弟如此快就學(xué)會說俄語了——他在那兒生活的時間并不長。根據(jù)句意選A。

【真題】 Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you may just sweet dreams. (2010江西26)

A. keep up withB. put up with

C. end up withD. catch up with

【解析】 keep up with 保持; put up with 忍受; end up with 以……為結(jié)束; catch up with 趕上。該題句意:睡覺前聞聞花香,你會進入甜蜜的夢鄉(xiāng)。故選C。

5. 動詞 + over的短語有:go over復(fù)習(xí),溫習(xí);get over越過;克服,戰(zhàn)勝;turn over翻轉(zhuǎn);仔細考慮;移交;take over接管;come over過來;hand over移交;think over仔細考慮等。

【真題】 To get a better grade, you should the notes again before the test. (2011四川7)

A. go overB. get over

C. turn overD. take over

【解析】 該題句意為:為了取得更好的分數(shù),在考試前你應(yīng)該再次溫習(xí)一下筆記。故選A。

6. 動詞 + into的短語有:come into進入;得到;繼承;go into進入;加入;提及;get into進入;陷入;run into陷入;注入;偶然遇見;turn into變成;fall into流入;陷入;look into朝里看;調(diào)查;throw into投身于;陷入某種狀態(tài);put into插入;翻譯成,進港等。

【真題】 Ive the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school. (2012江西24)

A. come intoB. gone into

C. got intoD. run into

【解析】 考查habit的常見搭配,be in / fall into / get into the habit of doing sth. 有 (養(yǎng)成) 做某事的習(xí)慣,明顯可以看出C項正確。

三、動詞不同,小品詞也不同

【真題】 Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets it. (2010福建30)

A. keep up withB. do away with

C. get down toD. look forward to

【解析】 A項意為“跟上,和……保持聯(lián)系”;B項意為“廢除,去除”;C項意為“開始認真 (做某事)”;D項意為“渴望,盼望”。該題句意為:“我們剛剛搬進一個大一點的房子,因此有很多事情要做。讓我們開始做吧。”故選C項。

【真題】 Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and as a manager.(2010天津11)

A. ended upB. dropped out

C. came backD. started off

【解析】 該題句意為:作為一名職員加入公司,他很快得到提升,最后當(dāng)上了經(jīng)理。ended up as作為……而結(jié)束;dropped out退出,退學(xué);came back回來;started off動身,出發(fā)。故選A項。

【真題】 I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. (2011全國26)

A. come up withB. put up with

C. turn toD. stick to

【解析】 該題句意為:我可以容忍這房子不整潔,但如果不干凈,我不喜歡。come up with提出;趕上;put up with容忍,忍受;turn to轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于;stick to堅持。故選B項。

【真題】 They are broadening the bridge to the flow of traffic. (2011山東25)

A. put offB. speed up

C. turn onD. work out

【解析】 該題句意為:他們正在拓寬橋面來加快交通流量。put off推遲;speed up加快速度;turn on打開;work out鍛煉;解決;實現(xiàn)。故選B項。

【真題】 She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. (2011天津8)

A. turned downB. dealt with

C. took afterD. came across

【解析】 該題句意為:昨天,她在百貨公司購物時,偶然遇見了她的一位老朋友。turn down減少,關(guān)小,調(diào)低;deal with處理;take after照顧,與……相像;come across偶然遇見。故選D項。

【真題】 The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to it. (2011浙江6)

A. make the best ofB. get away from

C. keep an eye onD. catch up with

【解析】 該題句意為:這不是我真的想上的那所學(xué)校,不過,我想我會充分利用的。make the best of充分利用;get away from離開;keep an eye on留意;catch up with趕上,追上;逮捕;處罰。故選A項。

【真題】 Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. (2012遼寧26)

A. taking apartB. giving away

C. making upD. turning off

【解析】 take apart拆開;拆卸;give away贈送,泄露;make up編造,彌補,化裝;turn off關(guān)掉。根據(jù)句意可知:Rod喜歡拆卸鐘表,然而,他從來都不能再重新裝好。所以選A項。

【真題】 You had better some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. (2012福建29)

A. set asideB. take up

C. put awayD. give out

【解析】 根據(jù)后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知前半句應(yīng)該是建議對方要多留出時間進行運動。set aside留出,撥出;take up占據(jù),從事;put away收拾好;give out發(fā)出,分發(fā)。根據(jù)句意只能選擇A項。

【真題】 The athletes years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (2012安徽28)

A. went onB. got through

C. paid offD. ended up

【解析】 該題句意為:當(dāng)這位運動員最終獲得奧運金牌時多年的艱苦訓(xùn)練得到了回報。pay off 有很多含義:1.付清某人的工資并解雇他;償清欠款等等;2.對某人或某事進行報復(fù);3.使人得益,有報償;4.賄賂。故選C。

四、動詞不完全同,小品詞不同

【真題】 No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone you wishing they were that high. (2010安徽22)

A. getting rid ofB. getting along with

C. looking up toD. looking down upon

【解析】 get rid of擺脫;去除;get along with與……相處;進展;look up to尊敬;敬仰;look down upon看不起;輕視。故選C。

五、動詞同,小品詞不完全同

【真題】 Had she her promise, she would have made it to Yale University. (2010湖北29)

A. looked up toB. lived up to

C. kept up withD. come up with

【解析】 該句句意為:如果她當(dāng)年履行了自己的諾言,她就會進入耶魯大學(xué)了。look up to抬頭看,尊重;live up to履行,實行;keep up with跟上,追上;come up with追趕上;想出;提出。只有B項符合題意。

(作者:吳濤,南京市第三高級中學(xué))

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