王俊玲

定語從句一直是全國以及各省市高考重點。但是因為現(xiàn)行高中英語教材淡化了語法教學(xué)，教師只能根據(jù)自己的教學(xué)習(xí)慣補(bǔ)充講解。到了高三復(fù)習(xí)階段，很多學(xué)生感覺語法學(xué)得不扎實，對各種語法現(xiàn)象尤其是定語從句只知大概不知其細(xì)節(jié)，很多問題模棱兩可。可是考前復(fù)習(xí)時間寶貴，學(xué)生不可能花大量時間系統(tǒng)地補(bǔ)習(xí)語法，所以他們感到很矛盾也很頭疼。

針對上述現(xiàn)象，筆者根據(jù)多年高三教學(xué)經(jīng)驗及學(xué)生的問題所在，整理了7個經(jīng)典句型，幫助他們復(fù)習(xí)鞏固定語從句。現(xiàn)以2013年高考定語從句真題為例，讓參加2014年高考的學(xué)生用少量時間背誦經(jīng)典句型，輕松復(fù)習(xí)定語從句并靈活運用到考試中。

一、定語從句經(jīng)典句型

1.He is always playing the leading role， which makes other actors envy him.

他總是主演，這一點讓其他人非常羨慕他。（非限制性定語從句不用that.）

2.The old woman has two daughters， both of whom are nurses.

=The old woman has two daughters，and both of them are nurses

老太太有兩個女兒，都是護(hù)士。

3.As we all know， Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to go into out space.

眾所周知，楊利偉是第一個進(jìn)入太空的中國人。（as放句首表示“正如”。）

4.This is a job where you can present your talents.

這是一份你可以充分展現(xiàn)自我才華的工作。

5.We will come to the problem about which we talked at yestedays meeting.

6.Finally， they came to the mountain， whose peak was covered with snow all the year round.

=Finally， they came to the mountain， the peak of which was covered with snow all the year round.

=Finally， they came to the mountain， of which the peak was covered with snow all the year round.

最后他們來到了一座雪山的面前。（whose在從句中作定語；介詞提前的定語從句不用that.）

7.I don't like the way（that / in which ）he speaks to his parents.

我不喜歡他對父母講話的樣子。（當(dāng)先行詞為way時， that在從句中充當(dāng)狀語并可省略。）

二、2013年定語從句高考真題及詳解

考點一 關(guān)系代詞which與 that

【高考真題】Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， ____ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. （2013安徽卷）

A. it B. that C. what D. which

【回扣句型】 He is always playing the leading role， which makes other actors envy him.

【考點解析】如果先行詞是表示事物的名詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which與that，在從句中充當(dāng)同樣的成分，所以大多情況下兩者可以換用。但在下列情況下宜用which：在非限制性定語從句中，在介詞提前的定語從句中。由此選出正確選項D。

考點二 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

【高考真題】He wrote a letter _________ he explains what had happened in the accident. （2013江西卷）

A. what B. which C. where D. how

【回扣句型】This is a job where you can present your talents.

【考點解析】當(dāng)先行詞為表示時間或地點場所等的名詞時，正確選用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞是重點也是難點。眾所周知，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中主要充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語，關(guān)系副詞則主要充當(dāng)狀語。但是很多學(xué)生能看出主謂賓卻不會分析定語、狀語等次要句子成分。所以最簡單的辦法是：先判定先行詞是否屬于表示時間或地點場所等的名詞，一旦判斷準(zhǔn)確，再看定語從句是否缺少主語或賓語，如果是，則選關(guān)系代詞；否則，一定選用關(guān)系副詞。故正確選項為C。

考點三 介詞提前的定語從句

【高考真題】He may win the competition， __________he is likely to get into the national team.（2013遼寧卷）

A. in which case B. in that case

C. in what case D. in whose case

【回扣句型】We will come to the problem about which we talked at yesterdays meeting.

【考點解析】如果定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞賓語時，介詞可以提前到關(guān)系代詞之前，并且前面也提到此時宜選用which 而不用that，同時介詞的選用也是重點。要做到正確選用介詞，須從定語從句的動詞與先行詞的關(guān)系入手。本題考查了定語從句與介詞的綜合運用能力，結(jié)合句意應(yīng)選A項。

考點四 名詞/代詞+ of +which / whom 的問題

【高考真題】The children， ________ had played the whole day long， were worn out.（2013浙江卷）

A. all of what B. all of which

C. all of them D. all of whom

【回扣句型】The old woman has two daughters， both of whom are nurses.

【考點解析】名詞/代詞+ of +which / whom 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句也是高考考查重點，解此類題目的關(guān)鍵是正確理解介詞of 所表示的意思。大多情況下of要么表示“其中”，要么表示“……的”。所以不難選出D。

考點五 whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

【高考真題】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected. （2013福建卷）

A. whose B. that C. who D. which

【回扣句型】Finally， they came to the mountain， whose peak was covered with snow all the year round.

【考點解析】whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞既可以是表示人的名詞、代詞，也可以是表示事物的名詞、代詞，并且在從句中充當(dāng)定語，故上題選A。

考點六 as與 which

【高考真題】 is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. （2013陜西卷）

A. It B. That C. What D. As

【回扣句型】As we all know， Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to go into out space.

【考點解析】as與 which均可引導(dǎo)以主句為先行詞的非限制性定語從句，但是置于句首，尤其是表示“正如”這一句意時，應(yīng)用as，故上題選D。