李海東 裘正軍 黃陳 江弢 曹俊
·論著·
STAT3調(diào)控胰腺癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因的篩選
李海東 裘正軍 黃陳 江弢 曹俊
目的應(yīng)用基因芯片篩選信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(STAT3)調(diào)控胰腺癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)基因。方法以慢病毒感染獲得穩(wěn)定STAT3沉默人胰腺癌細胞株SW1990,以空質(zhì)粒病毒組、未感染組為對照。應(yīng)用基因芯片篩選3組細胞與腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的差異表達基因。用實時PCR及蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測STAT3 mRNA及蛋白表達,并驗證所選取的3個差異表達基因(MMP-7、IL-1β、IgTα7)。結(jié)果靶向STAT3的病毒感染SW1990細胞后,STAT3 mRNA表達水平為0.391±0.037,顯著低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組的1.002±0.015和未感染組的1.206±0.042(P<0.05);STAT3蛋白表達水平為182.38±65.32,亦明顯低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組的223.40±58.40和未感染組的212.33±53.69(P<0.05)。STAT3沉默的SW1990細胞有8個腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因表達上調(diào),3個表達下調(diào),經(jīng)驗證,沉默組細胞MMP-7、IL-1β mRNA表達水平明顯低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組(0.287±0.115比1.010±0.124,t=19.45,P=0.000;0.490±0.010比1.002±0.002,t=13.83,P=0.000),而IgTα7 mRNA表達水平無明顯變化(1.173±0.280比0.998±0.003,t=4.236,P=0.094)。同時沉默組細胞MMP-7蛋白表達亦顯著降低。結(jié)論STAT3沉默可導(dǎo)致人胰腺癌SW1990細胞多個與腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因表達的改變,其中MMP-7可能是受STAT3調(diào)控的主要靶基因。
胰腺腫瘤; STAT3轉(zhuǎn)錄因子; 腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移; 基因
信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3是信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子家族(signal transducers and activators of transcription, STAT)的成員之一,在多種實體瘤組織中高表達,與腫瘤細胞的增殖、血管生成、侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。STAT3可調(diào)控與細胞增殖、腫瘤血管形成相關(guān)的多個基因[1]。胰腺癌組織STAT3過表達,并與癌細胞的侵襲及轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)[2-3],但其作用機制尚不清楚。本研究應(yīng)用基因芯片技術(shù)篩選STAT3調(diào)控的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因,探索STAT3介導(dǎo)胰腺癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機制。
一、靶向STAT3的shRNA載體構(gòu)建、慢病毒包裝、SW1990細胞轉(zhuǎn)染及鑒定
構(gòu)建慢病毒載體的pGC-LV 重組載體、pHelper1.0、pHelper2.0均購自吉凱基因化學(xué)有限公司,人胰腺癌細胞株SW1990購自ATCC,293T細胞購自Invitrogen公司。載體構(gòu)建、慢病毒包裝、SW1990細胞感染及鑒定方法參照我們發(fā)表的文獻[4]。以含空質(zhì)粒病毒感染及未感染的SW1990細胞作為對照。
二、實時PCR基因芯片檢測
采用Trozol試劑裂解細胞后抽提RNA。紫外分光光度計測定RNA濃度及純度,變性瓊脂糖凝膠電泳鑒定RNA的純度及完整性。按照逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶使用說明,將樣本RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA。將cDNA模板適當(dāng)稀釋后加入到實時PCR反應(yīng)液中,混合后加入SuperArray Bioscience公司的RT2Profiler Human Tumor Metastasis PCR Array(PAHS-028A,內(nèi)含腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因89個,5個管家基因)于對應(yīng)的每個孔中。上ABI PRISM7900型PCR儀進行實時定量PCR反應(yīng)。數(shù)據(jù)計算采用ΔΔCt法,以差異為兩倍作為篩選標準。
三、實時PCR檢測相關(guān)基因mRNA表達
引物序列:STAT3上游5′-GGCGGCACCACC-ATGTACCCT-3′,下游5′-AGGGGCCGGACTCGTCAT-ACT-3′,產(chǎn)物202 bp;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶7(MMP-7)上游5′-GAGTGCCAGATGTTGCAGAA-3′,下游5′-AAATGCAGGGGGATCTCTTT-3′,產(chǎn)物169 bp;白介素-1β(IL-1β)上游5′-CTGAGCTCGCCAGTGAA-3′,下游5′-GGTCTGTGGGCAGGGAA-3′,產(chǎn)物239 bp;整合素α7(IgTα7)上游5′-GCGGCCACTCGGTCTGTG-TGGAC-3′,下游5′-GGAGACTGTAGGACAAGG-TCAC-3′,產(chǎn)物303 bp;β-actin上游5′-TCACCC-ACACTGTGCCCATCTACGA-3′,下游5′-CAGCGG-AACCGCTCATTGCCAATGG-3′,產(chǎn)物294 bp。引物由上海生工生物工程有限公司合成。PCR參數(shù):95℃ 30 s;95℃ 5 s、60℃ 30 s, 40個循環(huán)。數(shù)據(jù)計算采用ΔΔCt法,以空質(zhì)粒病毒組為1。實驗重復(fù)3次,取均值。
四、蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測STAT3及MMP-7蛋白表達
取各組4×106個細胞,PBS洗滌,加冰浴預(yù)冷的RIPA裂解液200 μl及蛋白酶抑制劑2 μl置4℃充分裂解15 min,4℃ 12 000 g離心15 min,取上清。BCA法測定蛋白濃度。常規(guī)行蛋白質(zhì)印跡法。STAT3抗體購自Cell Signal公司,MMP-7抗體購自R&D System公司。最后ECL發(fā)光后曝光2 min。分別以GADPH、β-actin蛋白作為內(nèi)參照。目的條帶與內(nèi)參條帶的灰度比值表示蛋白相對表達量。
五、ELISA法檢測IL-1β蛋白
取各組細胞,采用ELISA試劑盒(新博盛生物科技有限公司)檢測IL-1β含量,按說明書操作。
六、統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
一、STAT3的沉默效果
靶向STAT3病毒感染(STAT3沉默)組、空質(zhì)粒病毒組、未感染組細胞的STAT3 mRNA表達水平分別為0.391±0.037、1.002±0.015、1.206±0.042,STAT3沉默組明顯低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組(t=16.31,P=0.004)及未感染組(t=18.82,P=0.003),后兩組差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=3.25,P=0.083);STAT3蛋白的表達水平分別為182.38±65.32、223.40±58.40、212.33±53.69(圖1), STAT3沉默組明顯低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組及未感染組(P<0.05),表明STAT3基因被沉默。
圖1 各組細胞的STAT3蛋白表達
二、PCR基因芯片篩選結(jié)果
經(jīng)基因芯片篩選,STAT3沉默的SW1990細胞中,與腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)的基因有8個表達上調(diào),分別為基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMP)-3、-10、-11,白介素-8β型受體亞基(IL-8Rβ),鈣黏附蛋白11(CDH-11),半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑7(CST-7),脾酪氨酸激酶(SYK),v-myc髓細胞組織增生病毒癌基因同源物1(MYCL1),上調(diào)了10.88、19.93、4.59、7.06、2.01、3.34、3.38、4.85倍;3個表達下調(diào),分別為MMP-7、整合素α7(IgTα7)及IL-1β,下調(diào)了2.54、5.39、23.90倍。
三、表達差異基因的驗證
STAT3沉默組、空質(zhì)粒病毒組、未感染組MMP-7 mRNA表達水平分別為0.287±0.115、1.010±0.124、0.857±0.307,STAT3沉默組明顯低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組及未感染組(t=19.45,P=0.000;t=3.20,P=0.033),后兩組差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=-0.79,P=0.47),基本符合芯片結(jié)果;IL-1β mRNA表達水平分別為0.490±0.010、1.002±0.002、1.030±0.20,STAT3沉默組亦明顯低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組及未感染組(t=13.83,P=0.000;t=4.60,P=0.01),后兩組差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=0.181,P=0.873);IgTα7 mRNA表達水平分別為1.173±0.280、0.998±0.003、1.360±0.044,3組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=4.236,P=0.094)。
STAT3沉默組MMP-7蛋白表達明顯低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組及未感染組(圖2)。STAT3沉默組、空質(zhì)粒病毒組、未感染組細胞培養(yǎng)上清液中IL-1β濃度分別為(20.00±0.65)、(22.69±3.18)、(24.83±4.43)pg/ml,STAT3沉默組低于空質(zhì)粒病毒組及未感染組,但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.225,P=0.135)??召|(zhì)粒病毒組及未轉(zhuǎn)染組間差異亦無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.533)。
圖2 各組細胞的MMP-7蛋白表達
STAT3是信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子家族成員之一,介導(dǎo)多種細胞因子和生長因子的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)。STAT3在接受細胞外信號刺激后,通過酪氨酸磷酸化激活,活化的STAT3形成二聚體進入細胞核,調(diào)節(jié)靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄,在腫瘤細胞增殖和侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移中起重要作用,目前已被公認為癌基因。已有研究證實,STAT3可上調(diào)MMP-1、-2、-9、血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)等基因的表達,降解細胞外基質(zhì),促進腫瘤新生血管形成及癌細胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[5-6]。將靶向STAT3的siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染SW1990后,細胞增殖、侵襲能力明顯減弱。Xie等[7]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),應(yīng)用顯性負性突變的方法抑制STAT3活性可明顯降低MMP-2的表達,使腫瘤侵襲性降低。Rivat等[8]報道,阻斷STAT3β可明顯下調(diào)VEGF,抑制結(jié)腸癌細胞的浸潤轉(zhuǎn)移。
MMP-7是MMP家族中分子量最小的亞族,具有強大的基質(zhì)降解功能和廣泛的底物特異性,近年來逐漸受到人們的關(guān)注。腫瘤組織MMP-7的表達增強,參與基底膜和細胞外基質(zhì)膠原蛋白的降解,使腫瘤細胞易于突破基底膜和細胞外基質(zhì)向鄰近器官浸潤,并侵入淋巴管及小血管向遠處轉(zhuǎn)移。MMP-7對病理條件下血管內(nèi)皮細胞的增生、毛細血管的形成具有促進作用[9]。研究表明,胰腺癌組織MMP-7呈高表達,并與腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[10]。Li等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn),β-catenin可通過上調(diào)MMP-7的表達提高胰腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移能力。最近有關(guān)乳腺癌和胃癌的研究證實腫瘤組織中MMP-7受AP-1和STAT3的直接調(diào)控,并影響腫瘤的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[11-12]。
本結(jié)果顯示,STAT3沉默后,有8個腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因表達上調(diào),3個基因表達下調(diào)。鑒于STAT3轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的特性,我們選取3組間變化比較一致的基因MMP-7、IL-1β、IgTα7進一步驗證,發(fā)現(xiàn)STAT3沉默后,SW1990細胞的MMP-7、IL-1β mRNA水平均明顯下降,證實了基因芯片的結(jié)果。但IgTα7mRNA表達在3組間無明顯變化。MMP-7蛋白的表達顯著下降,但細胞培養(yǎng)上清液的IL-1β含量無顯著變化,提示STAT3可能通過改變多個基因的表達促進胰腺癌侵襲及轉(zhuǎn)移。而MMP-7可能是受STAT3調(diào)控的主要靶基因。
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ScreeningofinvasionandmetastasisrelatedgenesregulatedbyStat3inpancreaticcancerSW1990cell
LIHai-dong,QIUZheng-jun,HUANGChen,JIANGTao,CAOJun.
DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,ShanghaiFirstPeople′sHospital,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200080,China
QIUZheng-jun,Email:qiuwryb@online.sh.cn
ObjectiveTo screen the genes related with signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulating pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis by gene chips.MethodsHuman pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 stably expressing low level of Stat3 was established by lentivirus transfection, while cells transfected with mock plasmid and cells without transfection served as control groups.The differences of invasion and metastasis related genes expression among the three groups were screened by gene chips.STAT3 mRNA and protein expression was measured by real-time PCR and Western blot.Three differentially expressed genes (MMP-7, IL-1β and IgTα7) were verified.ResultsThe expression level of STAT3 mRNA was 0.391±0.037 after pancreatic cancer SW1990 cell transfected with STAT3 targeted lentivirus, which was significantly lower than those in mock plasmid group (1.002±0.015) and non-transfected group (1.206±0.042,P<0.05);the expression level of STAT3 protein was 182.38±65.32, which was significantly lower than those in mock plasmid group (223.40±58.40) and non-transfected group (212.33±53.69). Eight invasion and metastasis related genes of SW1990 lowly expressing Stat3 were up-regulated, while 3 genes were down-regulated.By verification, the mRNA level of MMP-7 and IL-1β were lower than in control group transfected with mook plassmid(0.287±0.115vs1.010±0.124,t=19.45,P=0.000;0.490±0.10vs1.002±0.002,t=13.83,P=0.000), but the mRNA level of IgTα7 was not decreased(1.173±0.280vs0.998±0.003,t=4.236,P=0.094). Meanwhile, the protein level of MMP-7 was significantly down-regulated when Stat3 was knocked down.ConclusionsStat3 causes changes of expressions of many invasion and metastasis-related genes of SW1990, and MMP-7 may be the main target gene regulated by Stat3.
Pancreatic neoplasms; STAT3 transcription-factor; Neoplasm metastasis; Genes
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2012.02.009
上海市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會青年科技啟明星項目(09QA1404600)
200080 上海,上海交通大學(xué)附屬第一人民醫(yī)院普外科
裘正軍,Email:qiuwryb@online.sh.cn
2011-06-13)
(本文編輯:呂芳萍)