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安徽竹亞科苦竹屬植物的分類修訂

2012-07-30 10:40賴廣輝
浙江農(nóng)林大學學報 2012年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:竹種成林安徽

賴廣輝

(安徽省廣德縣林業(yè)局,安徽 廣德242200)

1 苦竹屬分類概況

苦竹屬Pleioblastus Nakai是產(chǎn)于東亞的特有竹屬,有關(guān)它的分類位置,目前竹子研究者仍然是見仁見智,看法不同。一些學者主張保留這一屬名[1-6];有些學者則將它并入青籬竹屬Arundinaria Michaux,其下的竹種或全部轉(zhuǎn)入[7-14],或強調(diào)只將日本所產(chǎn)的竹種并入,而將中國所產(chǎn)的竹種另行處理[15]。由于各家所持的見解多是基于一般形態(tài)學之上,究竟哪種更為合理,目前尚無定論。鑒于這種情況,為了不致于造成學名的更多變動,筆者采用前種意見,仍使用這一屬名來處理有關(guān)的竹種。該屬的中文名業(yè)已改稱大明竹屬,主要因為其后選模式種被一些學者確定為大大明竹屬,主要因為其后選模式種被一些學者確定為大明竹 Pleioblastus gramineus(Bean) Nakai之故[3,4,16],筆者認為這不過是一種誤解。誠然,Nakai[17]在發(fā)表這一屬名時并未指定模式種,這給后人的研究工作帶來一些困難。實際上,該屬的后選模式種應為 P.communis(Makino) Nakai( =P.chino(Franch.et Savat.) Makino),因為后來 Koidzumi[18]在該屬之下建立束叢組Sect.Medakea時,既未明確選定大明竹P.gramineus(Bean)Nakai作為屬的模式種,也未直接指定它作為該組的模式種,僅僅是將它列在該組之下Ser.Dolicholigulae的第1位而已,但這種安排并不能表明該種就是該屬的模式種,中國部分學者[3-4]的理解似乎有誤,因而只能采用最早由McClure[19]所選定的 P.communis(Makino)Nakai(=P.chino(Franch.et Savat.) Makino)作為后選模式。至于Tsvelev[20],Murata[21]分別選定 P.simonii(Carr.) Nakai,P.hindsii(Munro)Nakai以及陳守良等[4,16]和耿伯介[3]所提出的P.gramineus(Bean)Nakai作為后選模式顯然都不符合《國際植物命名法規(guī)》。由于該屬的模式種已經(jīng)更改,故仍沿用“苦竹屬”作該屬的中文名稱。

按照目前部分學者所持的苦竹屬概念和范疇,該屬竹種主產(chǎn)于日本,在中國則多分布于長江中下游地區(qū)[4]。盡管安徽不是其主產(chǎn)區(qū),但也分布有數(shù)種苦竹屬植物。由于以往調(diào)查采集不全,對安徽所產(chǎn)的這類竹種知之不多,甚至還有錯誤?!栋不罩参镏荆旱?卷》[22]中雖收錄了4種,其中菲白竹Pleioblastus fortunei(van Houtte)Nakai屬于引種栽培而非原產(chǎn)(該種曾移入赤竹屬Sasa Makino et Shibata[23],但浙江省安吉竹種園中栽植的菲白竹竹叢2004-2005年開花,為真花序,小花具3枚雄蕊,仍應放在該屬[24]);雖然此后不久在安徽境內(nèi)采到了衢縣苦竹P.juxianensis Wen et al.的可靠標本,但當時是由于標本的誤定而錯收[25],該志實際上只收錄了苦竹P.amarus(Keng)Keng f.和斑苦竹P.maculatus(McClure)C.D.Chu et C.S.Chao 2 種。其后筆者等曾作過一些增補和修訂[25-26],但后來又有新的發(fā)現(xiàn)并被不斷報道[27-30],據(jù)新近統(tǒng)計,記載于該屬之下的安徽所產(chǎn)種類已達12種2變種1變型,然而有些報道多有不實之處,使得已經(jīng)記錄的安徽省所產(chǎn)該屬植物的種類和種數(shù)與實際不符,因此,很有必要對此進行系統(tǒng)整理。筆者在廣泛調(diào)查和標本考證的基礎(chǔ)上,試圖來完成這一工作。本研究的對象主要涉及安徽所產(chǎn)苦竹屬野生種類,不包括安徽竹類植物園及其他公園近年引入栽培的該屬竹種。

2 分種檢索表

1.稈籜無籜耳和鞘口繸毛,或僅有極小的籜耳和少數(shù)鞘口繸毛;葉鞘口部無葉耳和繸毛

2.籜鞘背部無油光,無或有褐色斑點,常有蠟粉和小剛 毛 ………………… 苦竹Pleioblastus amarus

2.籜鞘背部有油光和褐色斑點,但無蠟粉和小剛 毛 ……………………………… 斑苦竹P.maculatus

1.稈籜有明顯的籜耳和鞘口繸毛;葉鞘口部有葉耳和繸毛

3.籜鞘近先端在幼筍上膨脹,不緊包筍體,背部近無毛;籜耳卵狀突起,上舉;籜舌先端截形至微凹 ………………………………………………………………………………… 衢縣苦竹P.juxianensis

3.籜鞘近先端緊包筍體不膨大,背部有密集剛毛;籜耳鐮刀狀伸出,近橫臥;籜舌先端截形至中部拱凸

4.幼稈節(jié)間無毛;籜環(huán)連同籜鞘基部有棕色剛毛,幾不脫落;籜鞘邊緣無纖毛;葉片背面無毛或僅基部有 毛 ………………………………………………………………… 仙居苦竹P.hsienchuensis

4.幼稈節(jié)間生有密集的小剛毛;籜環(huán)及籜鞘基部初有棕色剛毛,不久變無毛;籜鞘邊緣有棕色纖毛;葉片背面有短柔 毛 ……………………………………………………… 光節(jié)苦竹P.glabrinodus

3 分類群記述

3.1 苦竹

Pleioblastus amarus(Keng)Keng f.,Techn.Bull.Nat’l.For.Res.Bur.China No.8:14.1948.——Arundinaria amara Keng,Sinensia6(2):148,f.2.1935.Type:China.Zhejiang,Hangzhou,back of the Lingyin Temple,collected under the shade by a tomb,1935-05-02,Keng&Yang 2947(holotype,N) .

Arundinaria varia Keng,Sinensia6(2):150,f.3,1935.——Pleioblastus varius(Keng)Keng f.,Techn.Bull.Nat’l.For.Res.Bur.China No.8:14.1948.——Indocalamus varius(Keng)Keng f.,Clav.Gen.Sp.Gram.Prim.Sin.152.1957.Type:China.Zhejiang,Hangzhou,West Lake,Keling,1931-06-16,K.K.Tsoong(?) 116(Accession No.363)(holotype,Herbarium of the Laboratory of Biology,College of Agriculture,the National University of Chekiang).

安徽:舒城縣,曉天,1979-05-10,采集人不詳632(AAUF,安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學林學與園林學院樹木標本室);霍山縣,磨子潭,1997-06-25,賴廣輝97227(GDFI,安徽省廣德縣林業(yè)科學研究所竹類標本室);潛山縣,馬祖庵,1984-04-28,陶芳明8431(AAUF);廣德縣,雙河,1991-06-05,賴廣輝91190(GDFI);寧國市,寧墩,1988-05-01,采集人不詳125(AAUF);涇縣,浙溪,1996-06-16,賴廣輝等96040(GDFI);旌德縣,旌陽,1982-06-06,方淼松等82139(AAUF);青陽縣,九華山,1979-05-10,采集人不詳,無號(枝葉部分,AAUF);東至縣,查橋,1997-05-12,賴廣輝97107(GDFI);石臺縣,珂田,1982-06-29,方淼松等82210(AAUF);黃山區(qū)太平縣,新華,1982-06-12,杜克勤等82171(AAUF);黃山風景區(qū),迴龍橋,1979-05-04,采集人不詳1058(AAUF);績溪縣,尚田,1992-05-04,趙昌恒等92048(AAUF);歙縣,清涼峰,1990-05-06,黃成林90030(AAUF);屯溪區(qū),郊區(qū),1997-06-05,賴廣輝97190(GDFI);休寧縣,1959-11-17,張傳琪 無號(AAUF);黟縣,漁亭,1997-04-30,賴廣輝97043(GDFI);祁門縣,閃里,杜克勤等82080(AAUF)。

3.2 斑苦竹

Pleioblastus maculatus(McClure) C.D.Chu et C.S.Chao,Acta Phytotax.Sin.18(1):31.1980.——Sinobambusa maculata McClure,Lingnan Univ.Sci.Bull.No.9:64.1940.——Arundinaria maculata(McClure)H.Y.Zou,Shaowu Bamb.98.1989,nom.illeg.non Hackel,1903.——A.chinensis C.S.Chao et G.Y.Yang,Journ.Bamb.Res.13(1):13.1994.Type:China.Guangxi,Quanxian,Shanquan,“occurring wild in dense thickets in moist,loamy slope”,1937-07-23,McClure 20573(holotype,US) .

Pleioblastus kwangsiensis W.Y.Hsiung et C.S.Chao,Acta Phytotax.Sin.18(1):32,f.5.1980.Type:China.Guangxi,Nandan,W.Y.Hsiung&C.S.Chao 77521(holotype,NF) .

Pleioblastus longitubus S.C.Li et al.,Anhui Linye Keji No.2:4.1980,nom.nud.

Pleioblastus oleosus Wen,Journ.Bamb.Res.1(1):24,pl.3.1982,syn.nov.Type:China.Fujian,Anxi,Taozhou,Huzixiang,T.H.Wen et al.81523(holotype,ZJFI) .

Pleioblastus amarus(Keng) Keng f.var.tubatus Wen,Bull.Bot.Res.3(1):93,f.2.1983,syn.nov.Type:China.Zhejiang,F(xiàn)uyang,Kengxi,T.H.Wen 62527(holotype,ZJFI) .

Pleioblastus maculatus(McClure) C.D.Chu et C.S.Chao var.longitubus S.C.Li et Z.M.Wu,Journ.Anhui Agr.Coll.No.4:10.1987.Type:China.Anhui,Jinzhai,alt.400 m,1980-06-24,Z.M.Wu 20663(holotype,AAUF) .

Pleioblastus longinternodius B.M.Yang,Bamb.Res.8(2):1,f.1.1989,syn.nov.Type:China.Hunan,Liuyang,Daweishan,alt.900 m,1988-06-30,B.M.Yang 769244(holotype,HNNU) .

Pleioblastus longispiculatus B.M.Yang,Nat.Sci.Journ.Hunan Norm.Univ.9(3):3,f.2.1989.——Polyanthus longispiculatus(B.M.Yang) C.H.Hu,Journ.Bamb.Res.10(3):29.1991.Type:China.Hunan,Changsha,1982-04-08,B.M.Yang 06472(holotype,HNNU) .

安徽:金寨縣,斑竹園,1979-04-29,采集人不詳617(AAUF);潛山縣,水吼,1997-05-20,賴廣輝97140(GDFI);太湖縣,城西佛子嶺,1993-05-04,潘利等93033(AAUF);南陵縣,三里,1997-05-24,賴廣輝97144(GDFI);宣州區(qū),水東,1996-06-20,賴廣輝96110(GDFI);廣德縣,盧村,1991-06-07,賴廣輝 91183(GDFI); 績溪縣,臨溪,1995-06-01,賴廣輝等 95135(GDFI)。

斑苦竹為一廣布種,形態(tài)變異較大。油苦竹Pleioblastus oleosus Wen的模式標本(溫太輝等81523)和胖苦竹P.amarus(Keng)Keng f.var.tubatus Wen的模式標本(溫太輝62527)均采自較小的竹筍和竹株,稈籜常帶綠色,背面僅有油光而無斑點,但筆者調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn),同一竹叢中較細小的竹筍通常無斑點,而較粗大的竹筍往往生有較密集的褐色斑點;斑苦竹在地立條件良好的生境中常能長得高大通直,稈中部節(jié)間頗長,甚至可達80 cm,因此長節(jié)苦竹P.longinternodius B.M.Yang所擁有的特征也在它的形態(tài)變異幅度之內(nèi),故減為異名。筆者等[25]曾報道安徽廣德縣產(chǎn)有胖苦竹,后經(jīng)實地考察和再次鑒定確認,所引憑證標本實際上就是斑苦竹。

3.3 衢縣苦竹

Pleioblastus juxianensis Wen,C.Y.Yao et S.Y.Chen,Acta Phytotax.Sin.21(4):409,f.6.1983.——P.hsienchuensis Wen var.juxianensis(Wen et al.)S.L.Chen ex Q.F.Zheng,福建竹類150,f.2-10.1988.Type:China.Zhejiang,Quxian,1977-05-18,S.Y.Chen et al.79065(holotype,HHBC).

Pleioblastus amarus(Keng) Keng f.var.subglabratus S.Y.Chen,Acta Phytotax.Sin.21(4):411.1983,syn.nov.——Arundinaria hsienchuensis(Wen)C.S.Chao et G.Y.Yang var.subglabrata(S.Y.Chen)C.S.Chao et G.Y.Yang,Journ.Bamb.Res.13(1):17.1994,syn.nov.Type:Chian.Zhejiang,Quxian,S.Y.Chen 79064(holotype,HHBC) .

安徽:潛山縣,杜埠,1997-05-19,賴廣輝97131(GDFI);岳西縣,天堂,1997-05-18,賴廣輝97126(GDFI);廣德縣,新杭,1990-06-07,賴廣輝等90033(GDFI);宣州區(qū),溪口,1994-05-18,賴廣輝94052(GDFI);寧國市,梅林,1993-07-11,賴廣輝93244(GDFI);涇縣,蔡村,1993-05-23,賴廣輝93131(GDFI);青陽縣,九華山,1997-05-09,賴廣輝97086(GDFI);石臺縣,占大,1997-06-12,賴廣輝97202(GDFI);績溪縣,北村,1995-05-30,賴廣輝等95121(GDFI);黃山風景區(qū),浮溪,1997-06-14,賴廣輝97212(GDFI);歙縣,清涼峰自然保護區(qū),1990-05-06,黃成林等90035(枝葉部分,AAUF);黟縣,漁亭,1997-04-30,賴廣輝 97038(GDFI)。

衢縣苦竹的模式(陳紹云等79065)與光籜苦竹Pleioblastus amarus(Keng)Keng f.var.subglabratus S.Y.Chen的模式(陳紹云79064)系連號標本,為同一日期采自于浙江省龍游縣溪口鎮(zhèn)2個相距不遠的地點。因前者采于生長正常的竹叢,筍及枝葉發(fā)育良好,形態(tài)特征較為穩(wěn)定;后者可能采于發(fā)育不良的竹叢,稈籜較小,末級小枝上生有較大的葉片。筆者在野外調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn),衢縣苦竹稈中上部稈籜背面通常無毛或近無毛,僅基部生有較密的剛毛或有時亦無毛,與光籜苦竹的稈籜幾無區(qū)別,其葉片的大小也隨著環(huán)境的不同而有所變化,陰涼生境下或細稈上的小枝常生有較大的葉片,因此筆者贊同將光籜苦竹并入衢縣苦竹[12],但同時認為衢縣苦竹在筍體形態(tài)、稈籜毛被和籜舌形狀方面明顯不同于仙居苦竹P.hsienchuensis Wen,應是一個獨立的竹種,不宜將它作為后者的變種處理。黃成林等[2]、何云核等[30]報道,安徽績溪縣產(chǎn)有光籜苦竹,據(jù)對憑證標本的進一步考證,實為生長不良的斑苦竹P.maculatus(McClure) C.D.Chu et C.S.Chao。

3.4 仙居苦竹

Pleioblastus hsienchuensis Wen,Bull.Bot.Res.3(1):92,f.1.1983.——Arundinaria hsienchuensis(Wen) C.S.Chao et G.Y.Yang,Journ.Bamb.Res.13(1):17.1994.Type:China.Zhejiang,Xianju,S.D.Yu 80519(holotype,ZJFI) .

安徽:旌德縣,版書,1995-05-22,賴廣輝等95058(GDFI);祁門縣,祁豐,1982-05-25,杜克勤等 82073(AAUF)。

3.5 光節(jié)苦竹 新種 圖1

Pleioblastus glabrinodus G.H.Lai,sp.nov.Fig.1

Affinis P.yixingensi S.L.Chen et S.Y.Chen et P.hsienchuensi Wen,ab illo culmis novellis dense hispidulis,internodiis culmorum longioribus,cicatrice cum basi vaginae culmi primo brunneo-hispida mox glabrescenti,vaginis culmorum in vivo prope apicem margine non desiccatis,laminis foliorum angustioribus longioribusque differt;ab hoc culmis novellis dense hispidulis,cicatrice cum basi vaginae culmi primo brunneo-hispida mox glabrescenti,vaginis culmorum margine brunneo-ciliatis,laminis foliorum subtus puberulis recedit.

Culms 5.0-6.5 m tall and 20-39 mm in diameter,young ones green,copiously pruinous and hispidulous,sheath scars primarily hairy with brown bristles but soon glabrescent;old ones yellowish-green and with suberose residual at the sheath scars;internodes 20-44 cm long,cylindric,not sulcate nor flattened along the branch-bearing side,with(3-) 5-7 branches at each node.Culm sheaths shorter than internodes,deciduous,green tinted with brown and not desiccative at the margin of apex when fresh,densely hairy with rubiginous bristles on the back(in the upper part of the culm usually sparsely hairy or subglabrous),with brown cilia at the margin,and with brown bristles at the base but the base soon glabrescent; auricles smaller,brevifalcate,prostrate,tinted with purple,fringed with crinkly setae at the margin;ligules 2-3 mm tall,pruinous,the apex truncate or slightly convex in the middle and fringed with minute cilia or subglabrous;blades lanearlanceolate,erect.Branches and twigs 2-4-foliate.Leaf sheath glabrous;auricles slightly developed,minimal or inconspicuous; oral setae slightly curving,radiated or absent; ligules about 2 mm long,pruinous;leaf blades 10-16 cm × 1.2-2.0 cm,puberulous on the lower surface;lateral nerves 6-7-paired,transverse veins slightly obvious.Raceme bearing 1-4 spikelets,arising from the inferior nodes of branchlet,subtended basally by a deciduous bigger bract;pedicel 2-3-noded,glabrous,tightly clothed inferiorly with upward gradually amplifying,imbricate 4-8 bracts.Spikelet 4-8-flowered,more or less compressed,2-5 cm long,green or sometimes purple-colored,pruinose;pedicel slender,4-10 mm long,glabrous,slightly crisped-flexed;rhachilla 4-6 mm long,glabrous,clothed with lemma,superiorly incrassate,cupulate,flattened along flower-bearing side; glumes 2-3,upward gradually amplifying,green when fresh,dorsally glabrous and pruinose,the first small,squamiform,acuminate at the apex,the second obviously bigger than the first,pungent at the apex,the third usually similar to lemma but a little smaller or sometimes absent; lemma ovatelanceolate,chartaceous,green and purple-coloring at the apex when fresh,10-13 mm long,9-11-nerved,not tessellate,glabrous ,more pruinose,long-acuminate and mucronate at the apex;palea thin-chartaceous,usually a little longer than the lemma,obtuse and integer with cilia at the apex,dorsally 2-keeled,above villose at the keels,subglabrous but more pruinose between the keels; lodicules 3,membranaceous,narrowly ovate,ciliate along the margin;stamens 3,anthers yellowish and slightly tinted with green and purple,4-5 mm long,filaments seperate; ovary narrowly ovate,about 2 mm long,glabrous,style 1,short,stigmas 3,plumose.Fruit not found.Shoot developed in May and June.Flower bloomed in May.

圖1 光節(jié)苦竹(1.稈的一段;2.稈節(jié)和分枝;3.小枝和葉;4.筍;5.稈籜的上部;6.稈籜基部;7.花枝;8.小穗和小花;9.模式標本)Figure 1 Pleioblastus glabrinodus G.H.Lai(1.a part of culm; 2.culm’s node and branches; 3.branchlets with leaves; 4.bamboo shoots; 5.upper part of culm-sheath,showing its auricules and ligule; 6.base of culm-sheath; 7.flowering branchlets; 8.spikelets and flowers; 9.type specimen)

This species is similar to P.yixingensis S.L.Chen et S.Y.Chen and P.hsienchuensis Wen,but is different from the former in having young culms densely hispidulous,with longer internodes,sheath scar and base of culm sheath primarily hairy with brown bristles but soon glabrescent,culm sheaths not desiccative at the margin of apex when fresh,and leaf blades narrower and longer;from the latter in having young culms densely hispidulous,sheath scar and base of culm sheath primarily hairy with brown bristles but soon glabrescent,culm sheath brown ciliate at the margin,leaf blades puberulous on the lower surface.

China.Anhui(安徽):Xiuning(休寧),Lingnan(嶺南),in thicket at the lower part of hillside,1997-06-06,G.H.Lai(賴廣輝) 97197(holotype,AAUF);Guangde(廣德),Hengshan National Forest Park(橫山國家森林公園),Anhui Bamboo Garden(安徽竹類植物園),under cultivation,2006-05-16,G.H.Lai 06002(GDFI) .

該種由筆者1999年7月從其模式標本產(chǎn)地引入安徽竹類植物園(位于廣德縣橫山國家森林公園內(nèi))栽培(栽培編號為99-007),通過10余年精心管護,現(xiàn)已滿園成林,據(jù)近年持續(xù)觀察,上述性狀十分穩(wěn)定。

4 可疑分布類群的討論

4.1 高舌苦竹

Pleioblastus altiligulatus S.L.Chen et S.Y.Chen,Acta Phytotax.Sin.21(4):407,f.3.1983.

高舌苦竹曾被并入苦竹Pleioblastus amarus(Keng)Keng f.[12],但也有學者仍將其作為獨立的竹種看待[6]。關(guān)傳友[29]曾報道安徽大別山區(qū)岳西縣產(chǎn)有該種,筆者在安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學林學與園林學院見到1份采自該縣海拔1 200 m的鷂落坪并被鑒定為該種的標本(童效平01095),因只有枝葉而無稈籜,所定名稱的可靠性值得懷疑,現(xiàn)場考察所知,此地并無苦竹屬植物的分布。

4.2 花稈苦竹

Pleioblastus amarus(Keng) Keng f.f.huangshanensis C.L.Huang,Journ.Bamb.Res.15(3):14,f.1.1996.

花稈苦竹原發(fā)表時作為苦竹Pleioblastus amarus(Keng)Keng f.的一個變型[28]。筆者曾分別于1997年5月和1998年6月的出筍期間前往模式標本采集地安徽黃山風景區(qū)浮溪一帶考察,發(fā)現(xiàn)這里僅分布有衢縣苦竹P.juxianensis Wen et al.而無苦竹,更未見到節(jié)間分枝一側(cè)具黃條紋的苦竹類型。其模式標本黃成林等940137號(AAUF)采自1994年2月28日,此時竹筍尚未出土(苦竹屬竹種在本地一般4月下旬才開始出筍),命名者在提供的圖版中所繪制的竹筍不知從何而來。其后筆者又數(shù)次前往AAUF查考,均未見到其模式標本。目前仍無法判斷其真實性,故存疑。

4.3 華絲竹

Pleioblastus intermedius S.Y.Chen,Acta Phytotax.Sin.21(4):408,f.5.1983.

宣城市宣州區(qū)金壩林場早年自浙江引入栽培的華絲竹[25]幾年前已經(jīng)開花,竹林全部衰敗死亡并滅絕。筆者在調(diào)查中既未發(fā)現(xiàn)該省其他地方有引種栽培,也未發(fā)現(xiàn)有野生的蹤跡,該種在安徽實際上已無分布。

4.4 硬頭苦竹

Pleioblastus longifimbriatus S.Y.Chen,Acta Phytotax.Sin.21(4):411,f.7.1983.

硬頭苦竹已并入晾衫竹 Sinobambusa intermedia McClure[12,31]。黃成林等[27]曾報道皖南績溪縣產(chǎn)有該種[27]。筆者查看過有關(guān)的憑證標本,發(fā)現(xiàn)系短穗竹Brachystachyum densiflorum(Rendle)Keng之誤定。迄今為止,尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)安徽有該種分布的任何證據(jù)。

4.5 實心苦竹

Pleioblastus solidus S.Y.Chen,Acta Phytotax.Sin.21(4):411,f.8.1983.

何云核等[30]報道皖西太湖產(chǎn)有該種。筆者曾查看過所引憑證標本并作了實地調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管其竹稈節(jié)間為實心,但在分枝一側(cè)達其長度的2/3扁平,且籜環(huán)上無木栓質(zhì)殘留物,葉片較狹,葉舌及籜舌均無白粉,與真正的實心苦竹相差甚遠,很有可能屬于短穗竹屬Brachystachyum Keng的竹種,因此,安徽無本種的分布。

4.6 宜興苦竹

Pleioblastus yixingensis S.L.Chen et S.Y.Chen,Acta Phytotax.Sin.21(4):411,f.9.1983.

黃成林等[27],何云核等[30]曾報道皖南績溪縣產(chǎn)有該種。筆者查看過有關(guān)的憑證標本,發(fā)現(xiàn)皆系短穗竹Brachystachyum densiflorum(Rendle)Keng之誤定。筆者曾在與該種原產(chǎn)地江蘇宜興市毗鄰的安徽廣德縣、郎溪縣、宣州區(qū)、寧國市等地作過多次考察,試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)該種,結(jié)果均一無所獲,證實安徽并無該種分布。

致謝:承蒙南京林業(yè)大學丁雨龍教授和浙江省安吉縣林業(yè)局張培新教授級高級工程師提供幫助,安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學吳澤民教授、黃成林教授、梁淑云女士為查閱標本提供方便,浙江農(nóng)林大學和安徽省宣城市人事局給予部分資助。謹此一并致謝。

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