張朝,楊揚(yáng),龐衛(wèi)軍,孫超,楊公社
西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)動(dòng)物脂肪沉積與肌肉發(fā)育實(shí)驗(yàn)室,楊凌 712100
動(dòng)物及獸醫(yī)生物技術(shù)
白藜蘆醇對(duì)豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的作用及機(jī)理
張朝,楊揚(yáng),龐衛(wèi)軍,孫超,楊公社
西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)動(dòng)物脂肪沉積與肌肉發(fā)育實(shí)驗(yàn)室,楊凌 712100
旨在研究白藜蘆醇對(duì)豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的作用,探討其分子機(jī)制。以50 μmol/L、100 μmol/L、200 μmol/L、400 μmol/L白藜蘆醇處理豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞,采用Hoechst 33258染色劑染色,光學(xué)和熒光顯微鏡分別觀察細(xì)胞的形態(tài)學(xué)變化。semi-qRT-PCR和 Western blotting方法檢測(cè)凋亡相關(guān)基因sirt1、caspase-3、bcl-2、bax、p53、NF-κB的 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)變化。結(jié)果表明,白藜蘆醇處理后,前體脂肪細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)明顯的細(xì)胞凋亡,伴隨細(xì)胞體積縮小,染色質(zhì)凝集,核質(zhì)固縮等特征顯現(xiàn),與對(duì)照組相比200 μmol/L處理組細(xì)胞的凋亡率顯著升高 (P<0.05)。凋亡相關(guān)基因sirt1、caspase-3和bax的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著上調(diào) (P<0.05),而bcl-2、p53、NF-κB等基因的表達(dá)水平明顯下調(diào) (P<0.05)。進(jìn)一步證實(shí)白藜蘆醇特異性地增加sirt1的表達(dá)活性,而sirt1的上調(diào)影響caspase-3和bcl-2家族因子的活性,同時(shí)參與調(diào)控p53和NF-κB的轉(zhuǎn)錄表達(dá)。因此,推測(cè)sirt1調(diào)控凋亡相關(guān)因子表達(dá)是白藜蘆醇誘導(dǎo)前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的關(guān)鍵原因。
白藜蘆醇,豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞,sirt1,caspase-3
Abstract:We demonstrated the effect of resveratrol on porcine primary preadipocytes apoptosis, to study the intracellular molecular mechanism. Porcine primary preadipocyte was treated with different concentration of resveratrol (0 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L,100 μmol/L, 200 μmol/L, 400 μmol/L). We used optical microscope and fluorescence microscope to observe morphological changes during apoptosis after Hoechst 33258 Fluorescent dyes staining; and RT-PCR and Western blotting to measure the expression of apoptosis-associated genesirt1,caspase-3,bcl-2,bax,p53,NF-κB. Primary preadipocyte apoptosis was apparent, accompanied by reduced cell volume, chromatin condensation, and nuclear shrinkage. Compared to the control and low concentration group, high dose group (200 μmol/L) significantly increased the ratio of primary preadipocyte apoptosis. The expression ofsirt1,caspase-3,and baxwas up-regulated markedly in response to resveratrol; in contrast, apoptotic inhibitorbcl-2,p53,NF-κBdown-regulated. We further proved fact that resveratrol can specifically promote the activity of sirt1; moreover, activatedsirt1modulates the activity ofcaspase-3andbcl-2family, involving in transcriptional regulation ofp53andNF-κBthrough antagonizing factor-inducedacetylation. Taken together, our data established resveratrol as new regulator in porcine primary preadipocyte apoptosis via activating the expression of sirt1, modulating activity of apoptotic-associated factor.
Keywords:resveratrol, porcine primary preadipocyte,sirt1,caspase-3
脂肪細(xì)胞是體內(nèi)功能組織的基本組成單位,參與機(jī)體多方面的代謝調(diào)控。研究證實(shí)脂肪發(fā)育的調(diào)節(jié)控制主要有以下幾個(gè)方面,包括:祖細(xì)胞向脂肪細(xì)胞分化的抑制;前體脂肪細(xì)胞和脂肪細(xì)胞的凋亡;以及脂肪細(xì)胞的去分化[1]。因此,前體脂肪細(xì)胞的凋亡調(diào)控是控制脂肪的關(guān)鍵途徑之一。白藜蘆醇(RES) 是一種天然的植物抗毒素,首次發(fā)現(xiàn)于紅葡萄酒和葡萄汁中,具有抗氧化、抗炎癥、抗腫瘤的活性[2];不僅可減少小鼠肝臟和3T3-L1脂肪細(xì)胞系中的脂質(zhì)合成,還可抑制某些蛋白激酶的活性,誘導(dǎo)脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的發(fā)生[3-4]。sirt1(Sirtuin-1) 是NAD+依賴性蛋白脫乙?;讣易宓某蓡T之一,參與細(xì)胞增殖分化、細(xì)胞周期、能量代謝及壽命等多方面調(diào)控[5]。研究表明,sirt1通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)關(guān)鍵的脂肪控制基因來(lái)減少脂肪合成,促進(jìn)脂肪水解[6]。此外,RES是sirt1重要的激活劑,能有效減少脂肪的過(guò)多積累,促進(jìn)脂肪的動(dòng)員,誘導(dǎo)脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡,但其內(nèi)部的分子機(jī)制不甚清楚[7-8]。目前,尚未見(jiàn) RES對(duì)于豬的原代前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡影響的報(bào)道。與試驗(yàn)鼠相比,豬的生理特點(diǎn)更接近人類(lèi),是研究人類(lèi)肥胖病的理想模式動(dòng)物。因此,本研究以豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞為研究對(duì)象,探討RES對(duì)于豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的影響,以及凋亡中sirt1和相關(guān)凋亡基因的表達(dá)變化,為控制體脂沉積提供理論支持。
1.1 材料與試劑
1.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
1~3日齡仔豬由西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)種豬場(chǎng)和楊凌光明豬畜牧公司共同提供。
1.1.2主要試劑
白藜蘆醇 (Sigma);DMEM/F12、Ⅰ型膠原酶(Gibco);胎牛血清 (Hyclone公司);牛血清白蛋白(BSA) (華美生物工程公司);TRIzol總RNA提取試劑盒 (百泰克生物技術(shù)有限公司);DEPC原液(Sigma);反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒 (TaKaRa);DL2000 (天為時(shí)代);TaqDNA 聚合酶 (Fermentas,MBI);Hoechst33258凋亡染色試劑盒 (南京凱基公司);dNTPs (TaKaRa);Sirt1、bcl-2、bax、NF-κB和p53基因引物由上海生工合成;Caspase-3、p53多克隆抗體購(gòu)自bioworld公司;sirt1鼠源的單克隆抗體、NF-κB、bcl-2多克隆抗體購(gòu)自SAB公司;實(shí)驗(yàn)的二抗均來(lái)源于Santa Cruz公司;其他試劑為國(guó)產(chǎn)或進(jìn)口分析純。
1.2 方法
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞原代培養(yǎng)參照本實(shí)驗(yàn)室建立的方法。無(wú)菌狀態(tài)下取1~3日齡健康仔豬頸、背部的皮下脂肪組織,剪成1 mm3小塊,加消化液 (DMEM/F12(Invitrogen,USA) +20 g/L 牛血清白蛋白(華美生物工程公司),臨用時(shí)加 1 g/L的膠原酶 Ⅰ (Gibco))37℃消化30~50 min (恒溫水浴鍋振蕩),然后過(guò)孔徑為200目的不銹鋼細(xì)胞篩,收集濾液至離心管,1 500 r/min 離心10 min,棄上清,加入 DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)液洗1次,1 000 r/min 離心5 min,然后加10% FBS (Hyclone) 的 DMEM/F12 混勻,即獲得豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞。以 5×104個(gè)/cm2密度接種前體脂肪細(xì)胞。
1.2.2RT-PCR
以 5×104個(gè)/cm2密度接種豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞于中皿內(nèi),24 h 后更換為含 0、50、100、200、400 μmol/L RES的處理培養(yǎng)液,設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)。48 h后取出培養(yǎng)皿,Trizol試劑盒提取細(xì)胞總 RNA,利用1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳和核酸定量?jī)x檢測(cè)總RNA質(zhì)量和純度。反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒 (TaKaRa) 將各組之間等量的RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,再取適當(dāng)?shù)腸DNA擴(kuò)增(PCR引物見(jiàn)表1)。Dolphin2DOC凝膠分析系統(tǒng)攝像分析,分別測(cè)得2個(gè)擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物條帶的光密度值,并計(jì)算下列基因與β-actin的光密度比值。
表1 細(xì)胞凋亡相關(guān)基因引物列表Table 1 Primer list apoptosis related gene
1.2.3Hoechst33258染色
分別以 0、200 μmol/L處理原代前體脂肪細(xì)胞48 h,棄培養(yǎng)液,緩沖液洗滌細(xì)胞2次,4%甲醇溶液固定細(xì)胞10 min,離心去固定液,用Buffer A洗2遍,適當(dāng)?shù)腍oechst 33258染色液避光染色10 min,熒光顯微鏡觀察。凋亡細(xì)胞中,細(xì)胞膜對(duì) Hoechst 33258的攝取增多,并且由于染色體高度濃縮,Hoechst 33258與之結(jié)合增強(qiáng),染色呈強(qiáng)藍(lán)色熒光,而正常細(xì)胞只呈微弱熒光,死細(xì)胞則不被染色。
1.2.4Western blotting
以不同濃度的RES處理細(xì)胞,提取細(xì)胞中的總蛋白,蛋白定量?jī)x定量。經(jīng)蛋白定量后,按蛋白等量原則將不同處理樣品進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE電泳,分離不同大小的目的蛋白,然后轉(zhuǎn)移至 PVDF膜,利用合適濃度比例一抗孵育,4℃過(guò)夜,緩沖液沖洗3次,每次10 min;二抗孵育2 h,緩沖液洗滌3次,發(fā)光液發(fā)光檢測(cè)。ChemiDoc XRS曝光系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)蛋白條帶亮度,Quantity One (Bio-Rad,USA) 分析蛋白條帶密度值和表達(dá)量;將各目的蛋白密度值數(shù)據(jù)與相應(yīng)β-actin的密度值比對(duì),所得的數(shù)值進(jìn)一步與對(duì)照組的數(shù)值比對(duì),作相對(duì)表達(dá)的柱狀分析圖。
1.2.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
試驗(yàn)所得數(shù)據(jù)采用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件SPSS16.0進(jìn)行單因素方差分析與顯著性檢驗(yàn)。
2.1 RES對(duì)豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的形態(tài)學(xué)觀察
本課題組前期的研究表明,RES對(duì)于細(xì)胞的增殖和分化具有較強(qiáng)抑制作用,呈濃度和時(shí)間依賴性,推測(cè)原因是RES啟動(dòng)了細(xì)胞的死亡機(jī)制[9]。取仔豬的原代前體脂肪細(xì)胞培養(yǎng),如圖1A所示,細(xì)胞消化后貼壁呈長(zhǎng)梭形或者不規(guī)則的三角形狀,24 h后,利用200 μmol/L的RES處理細(xì)胞,如圖1B所示,細(xì)胞變圓皺縮,呈不規(guī)則的形狀,偶見(jiàn)細(xì)胞核聚集等現(xiàn)象。進(jìn)一步利用Hochest33258染色劑染色,圖1C為對(duì)照組,細(xì)胞核呈圓形或橢圓形,細(xì)胞呈現(xiàn)正常的生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài);圖1D為處理組,細(xì)胞核出現(xiàn)凝集,斷裂等不規(guī)則的形狀,呈現(xiàn)出典型的細(xì)胞凋亡特征。結(jié)果表明,RES可顯著的抑制前體脂肪細(xì)胞的增殖,誘導(dǎo)前體脂肪細(xì)胞的凋亡。
圖1 豬原代前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的形態(tài)學(xué)觀察Fig.1 Morphological observation during porcine primary preadipocyte apoptosis. (A) Porcine primary preadipocyte were cultured for 24 hin vitro. Showing stretched fibroblast-like or triangle cell phenotypes. (B) Cell morphological changes were observed after treatment with resveratrol. (C) Preadipocyte cells were stained with fluorescent dyes after culturing for 24 h,showing that cell nulei was spherical. (D) Fluorescence microscopy of preadipocyte, after exposure to 200 μmol/L resveratrol 48 h, cell were stained with fluorescent dyes Hochest-33258, showing that cell nuclei was shrinkage.Condensed nuclei are indicated using red arrows.
2.2 RES對(duì)于前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡中 sirt1和caspase-3表達(dá)的影響
白色脂肪組織中,sirt1可抑制前體脂肪細(xì)胞向成熟脂肪細(xì)胞的分化,減少脂滴的積累[10]。研究表明,sirt1負(fù)調(diào)控PPAR-γ等細(xì)胞核受體來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)脂肪細(xì)胞的分化增殖,然而,脂肪細(xì)胞的脂解機(jī)制仍不甚清楚,表明了sirt1還有其他的作用機(jī)制來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)脂肪的代謝。以0、50、100、200 μmol/L等濃度的RES處理前體脂肪細(xì)胞48 h,采用半定量RT-PCR 檢測(cè)脂肪細(xì)胞中sirt1mRNA表達(dá) (引物見(jiàn)表 1) 和Western blotting檢測(cè)蛋白的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果表明,與 100 μmol/L 和 50 μmol/L 相比,200 μmol/L 條件下sirt1的表達(dá)量顯著的上升 (P<0.05),隨著RES的濃度增加到一定的程度,sirt1的表達(dá)量不再增加,維持在較高的水平 (圖 2A)。Caspase-3是細(xì)胞凋亡的關(guān)鍵的執(zhí)行因子,如圖2B所示,caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)量隨著處理濃度的增加出現(xiàn)遞增的趨勢(shì),在200 μmol/L的水平下達(dá)到最高值。結(jié)果表明,白藜蘆醇對(duì)于細(xì)胞中的sirt1具有明顯的促進(jìn)作用,同時(shí)caspase-3也參與了白藜蘆醇所調(diào)控的生理過(guò)程。
2.3 RES對(duì)前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡中bcl-2和bax表達(dá)的影響
圖2 RES對(duì)豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡中sirt1和caspase-3表達(dá)的影響Fig.2 Effect of RES on the expression sirt1 and caspase-3 during porcine primary preadipocytes. (A) Agarose gel electrophoresis ofsirt1gene after treatment with indicated resveratrol (μmol/L). (B) Quantitative analysis ofsirt1mRNA expression, different letters mark show significant difference (P<0.05). (C) Protein analysis of sirt1 by western blotting treated with indicated concentration of resveratrol. (D) Quantitative analysis of sirt1 protein level, different letters mark show significant difference (P<0.05). (E) Protein analysis of caspase-3 by western blotting after dealing with indicated concentration of resveratrol. (F) Quantitative analysis of caspase-3 protein, different letters mark show significant difference (P<0.05).
Bcl-2家族是細(xì)胞凋亡中關(guān)鍵的調(diào)節(jié)因子,起著凋亡分子開(kāi)關(guān)的作用[11]。研究表明,bcl-2位于線粒體的內(nèi)膜和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)中,通過(guò)影響線粒體的活性抑制細(xì)胞的凋亡。最近的研究證實(shí),bcl-2抑制caspase-3的表達(dá)活性從而抑制RES所誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡[12]。Bax的作用機(jī)制正好與bcl-2相反,是細(xì)胞凋亡的正向調(diào)控因子[13]。以不同濃度的RES處理前體脂肪細(xì)胞 48 h,提取細(xì)胞中的 RNA和蛋白,利用半定量RT-PCR (引物見(jiàn)表1) 和Western blotting分析bcl-2和bax的表達(dá)變化。如圖3A和3B所示,bcl-2的表達(dá)量隨著濃度的增加而呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),與對(duì)照組和低濃度的處理組相比,bcl-2在高濃度的作用下表達(dá)量顯著降低 (P<0.05)。與此相反,bax的活性在100 μmol/L處理水平下顯著增加 (P<0.05),但高濃度處理組之間的差異不明顯。bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)變化與mRNA的變化相一致,在高濃度的處理下顯著降低 (P<0.05) (圖 3C、3D)。
2.4 RES對(duì)于前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡中p53和NF-κB表達(dá)的影響
研究表明,sirt1位于細(xì)胞核中,通過(guò)去乙?;疦F-κB、Foxo1、p53參與細(xì)胞的能量代謝和炎癥反應(yīng)[5]。sirt1可與p53的C端結(jié)合,介導(dǎo)p53去乙?;磻?yīng),抑制p53的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性[14]。此外,sirt1通過(guò)去乙?;痯65亞基的lys310抑制NF-κB的轉(zhuǎn)錄激活[15]。以不同濃度的 RES處理細(xì)胞,提取細(xì)胞的mRNA和蛋白,PCR和 Western blotting分別檢測(cè)NF-κB、p53的表達(dá)變化。如圖4A、4B所示,隨著處理濃度的增加p53mRNA表達(dá)水平逐漸下調(diào),與低濃度處理組相比,200 μmol/L的表達(dá)量顯著下調(diào)(P<0.05)。與此相反的是,NF-kBmRNA表達(dá)量逐漸上調(diào),與對(duì)照組相比,處理組之間差異顯著(P<0.05)。如圖4C、4D所示,p53和NF-κB的蛋白表達(dá)量逐漸下調(diào),與對(duì)照組相比,50 μmol/L及100 μmol/L處理組 NF-κB的表達(dá)量顯著下調(diào)(P<0.05),而 200 μmol/L和 400 μmol/L 的處理組NF-κB的蛋白表達(dá)幾乎檢測(cè)不到。
圖3 RES誘導(dǎo)前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡中bcl-2和bax的表達(dá)變化Fig.3 Effect RES on the expression change of bcl-2 and bax during primary preadipocyte. (A) Electrophoresis analysis ofbcl-2,baxgene after treatment with indicated concentration of resveratrol. (B) Quantitative analysis ofbcl-2,baxmRNA expression, different mark show significant difference (P<0.05). (C) Protein analysis of bcl-2 by western blotting in response to indicated concentration of resveratrol. (D) Quantitative analysis of bcl-2 protein, different mark show significant difference (P<0.05).
圖4 RES誘導(dǎo)前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡中p53和NF-κB的表達(dá)變化Fig.4 Effect RES on the expression change of p53 and NF-κB during primary preadipocytes. (A) Agarose gel electrophoresis ofp53andNF-κBmRNA following treatment with indicated concentration (μmol/L). (B) Quantitative analysis ofp53andNF-κBmRNA expression, different mark show significant difference (P<0.05). (C) Protein analysis of p53 and NF-κB by western blotting in response to indicated concentration of resveratrol. (D) Quantitative analysis of p53 and NF-κB protein, different mark show significant difference (P<0.05).
研究指出脂肪組織由成熟脂肪細(xì)胞和少量的前體脂肪細(xì)胞組成。前體脂肪細(xì)胞位于脂肪組織的間充質(zhì)和血管腔隙中,在相應(yīng)的信號(hào)誘導(dǎo)下,經(jīng)過(guò)一系列復(fù)雜的基因表達(dá)變化分化為成熟的脂肪細(xì)胞[16-17]。脂肪細(xì)胞的數(shù)量除受前體脂肪細(xì)胞分化和增殖的調(diào)控外,還受脂肪細(xì)胞去分化、前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的調(diào)控[18-19]。因此,研究前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡分子機(jī)理為調(diào)控脂肪組織積累提供新的途徑。目前有研究認(rèn)為,脂肪細(xì)胞分化可減弱脂肪細(xì)胞對(duì)凋亡誘導(dǎo)敏感性,在3T3-L1前體脂肪細(xì)胞系的研究中,生長(zhǎng)因子的去除可明顯誘導(dǎo)前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡,前體脂肪細(xì)胞分化為脂肪細(xì)胞過(guò)程中,凋亡抑制基因bcl-2和AIP表達(dá)明顯增加,阻礙caspase的級(jí)聯(lián)途徑傳遞和凋亡的產(chǎn)生,從而表現(xiàn)出抗凋亡的特征[20-21]。與之不同的是,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)去除血清后,人的前體脂肪細(xì)胞分化為成熟脂肪細(xì)胞過(guò)程中,凋亡抑制基因AIP表達(dá)明顯減少[22]。說(shuō)明了3T3-L1前體脂肪細(xì)胞與人前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的調(diào)控存在差異。
最近的研究表明,豬的脂肪沉積模式與嚙齒動(dòng)物存在顯著差異,卻與人類(lèi)更為接近,且取材方便,故可作為研究人類(lèi)肥胖癥及相關(guān)疾病的理想模型[23]。目前為止,關(guān)于脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的研究多集中于細(xì)胞系和成熟的脂肪細(xì)胞,尚未見(jiàn)任何有關(guān)豬原代前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡的研究報(bào)道。本研究以不同濃度的RES處理原代前體脂肪細(xì)胞,結(jié)果表明,RES可顯著誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞皺縮、染色體凝集等典型凋亡特征,呈濃度依賴性。近來(lái)的研究證明,RES抑制 3T3-L1前體脂肪細(xì)胞系中脂肪分化并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡[24],此外,RES調(diào)控多種因子以降低各種細(xì)胞系如HT29細(xì)胞、血管平滑肌細(xì)胞和骨髓瘤細(xì)胞的增殖活性并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡和細(xì)胞周期停滯[25-27]。本研究結(jié)果與上述研究結(jié)果相同,證明RES可誘導(dǎo)原代前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡。
脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡是多基因時(shí)序表達(dá)調(diào)控的結(jié)果。參與細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控的基因主要有sirt1、caspase-3、bcl-2、bax、p53、NF-κB等。研究表明,sirt1是位于細(xì)胞核內(nèi)的細(xì)胞壽命調(diào)節(jié)因子,去乙?;痯53調(diào)控細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡。p53具有多個(gè)乙?;稽c(diǎn),其高度乙?;臓顟B(tài)可激活細(xì)胞凋亡和細(xì)胞周期停滯;而sirt1的過(guò)表達(dá)則抑制p53其轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,進(jìn)而抑制氧化應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下p53依賴性的凋亡[5,14],哺乳動(dòng)物中研究證實(shí)sirt2起著凋亡抑制因子的作用,該過(guò)程通過(guò)抑制p53的乙?;瘉?lái)發(fā)生。與此相反的是,Griswold等研究表明,果蠅中過(guò)表達(dá)sirt2可促進(jìn)caspase-3等凋亡相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)量增加,誘導(dǎo)caspase依賴性的細(xì)胞凋亡;sirt2的過(guò)表達(dá)并不影響p53的活性,與 p53協(xié)同地促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的凋亡[28]。本研究的結(jié)果表明,p53的表達(dá)水平隨RES濃度增加而逐漸降低,處理間差異顯著,推測(cè)其內(nèi)部的機(jī)制可能是:RES是sirt1藥理性激活劑,上調(diào)sirt1的表達(dá),進(jìn)而去乙酰化調(diào)控p53的表達(dá),致使p53的活性明顯降低,這與上述的研究結(jié)果一致。不同的是,RES可同時(shí)增加豬前體脂肪細(xì)胞中caspase-3的蛋白表達(dá),這與上述的結(jié)果不同。
NF-κB (Nuclear factor-kappa B) 是細(xì)胞核關(guān)鍵的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控因子,參與細(xì)胞黏連、細(xì)胞周期和細(xì)胞凋亡的調(diào)控。免疫沉淀和過(guò)表達(dá)的實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),sirt1直接與NF-κBp65亞基相互作用,使lys310位點(diǎn)去乙?;种破滢D(zhuǎn)錄激活,增加細(xì)胞對(duì)TNF-α誘導(dǎo)凋亡的敏感性[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示NF-κB的mRNA表達(dá)量隨RES濃度的增加出現(xiàn)上調(diào),而蛋白表達(dá)逐漸下降,證實(shí)了NF-κB參與前體脂肪細(xì)胞凋亡調(diào)控,推測(cè)其內(nèi)部的機(jī)制是由于 sirt1與 NF-κB的作用位點(diǎn)結(jié)合,從而抑制其在細(xì)胞凋亡中活性發(fā)揮。
Bcl-2能夠保護(hù)細(xì)胞免受病毒感染、射線衍射、化療藥物等刺激引起的細(xì)胞凋亡。體內(nèi)外的研究證實(shí)bcl-2可調(diào)控細(xì)胞中Ca+水平并抑制線粒體功能發(fā)揮。最近的研究表明[12],在U937細(xì)胞中,bcl-2的過(guò)表達(dá)可抑制白藜蘆醇誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡;其內(nèi)部的分子機(jī)制是:bcl-2調(diào)控線粒體膜的離子通道活性,阻斷細(xì)胞色素釋放,抑制caspase-3的激活。本研究的結(jié)果與上述相近,bcl-2活性的下降釋放了細(xì)胞信號(hào)中的轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)因子,進(jìn)而刺激caspase-3活性升高,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡。
綜上所述及結(jié)合本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),sirt1和凋亡相關(guān)因子活性的變化可能是RES誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的關(guān)鍵原因,但 sirt1如何與 caspase-3、bcl-2相互作用還有待進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
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Effect and underlying mechanism of resveratol on porcine primary preadipocyte apoptosis
Zhao Zhang, Yang Yang, Weijun Pang, Chao Sun, and Gongshe Yang
Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development,Northwest A&F University,Yangling712100,China
Received:March 2, 2010;Accepted:May 19, 2010
Supported by:National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30600437), NWAFU Young Research Program (No. 0114030), Basic Science Research Program (No. QN2009021).
Corresponding author:Weijun Pang. Tel: +86-29-87091017; Fax: +86-29-87092430; E-mail: pwj1209@gmail.com
Chao Sun. Tel: +86-29-87091017; Fax: +86-29-87092430; E-mail: sunchao2775@163.com
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目 (No. 30600437),西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)青年學(xué)術(shù)骨干支持計(jì)劃 (No. 0114030),基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目 (No.QN2009021) 資助。