吳珞
一類修正Navier-Stokes方程解衰減速率的上下界估計
吳珞
(上海第二工業(yè)大學理學院,上海 201209)
Navier-Stokes方程描述了具有小速度梯度的不可壓縮粘性流體運動規(guī)律,在流體動力學研究中有著重要的應用。1966年,Ladyzhenskaya O. A. 放棄了速度梯度很小的限制,提出了幾種描述不可壓縮粘性流體運動規(guī)律的修正Navier-Stokes方程。為估計整個三維空間上一類修正Navier-Stokes方程解衰減速率的上下界,使用改進的Fourier分解方法得到當初值模衰減速率上界為;對某些初值時,解的模衰減速率下界為(t+1)?34。
修正Navier-Stokes;大時間行為;衰減率;上界;下界
文獻[1]和[2]獨立研究了不可壓縮粘性流體運動規(guī)律,提出了描述速度梯度較小的流體運動規(guī)律的經典Navier-Stokes方程。1966年,文獻[3]和[4]放棄了流體速度梯度較小的限制,給出了幾種修正Navier-Stokes方程,其中之一形式如下
的修正Navier-Stokes方程問題。當初值滿足一定條件,n≤3時,該問題存在整體唯一解[5-8]。
文獻[9]首先提出了經典Navier-Stokes方程解的衰減估計問題。文獻[10]討論了小初值解的衰減估計問題。1985年和1986年,文獻[11-13]利用Fourier分解方法給出整個空間經典Navier-Stokes方程解的衰減估計,證明當初始值u∈L2∩Lq(1≤q <2)時,解的L2模,并且給出了解的衰減下界估計。1991年,文獻[14]討論了帶權空間上解的衰減下界估計。之后,有一系列這方面的研究成果出現,例如文獻[15-23]。
有關修正Navier-Stokes方程解的衰減估計問題研究不多。文獻[24,25]使用Fourier分解方法研究了文獻[3]和[4]提出的另一類修正Navier-Stokes方程解的衰減估計問題,其方程為
其中?u(τ)為?u(τ)的L2模。本文將使用Fourier分解方法研究三維空間上一類修正Navier-Stokes方程(1)~(4)解的衰減估計,將證明當初值(1≤p<2)時,問題(1)~(4)解的L2模,對某些初值。
本文的第1節(jié)將回顧記號、定義和結論。在第2節(jié),我們將討論修正Navier-Stokes方程問題解的衰減上界。在第3節(jié),我們將給出解的衰減下界估計。
在本文中,我們假設n=3且f=0。為了書寫方便,取μ0=1,μ1=1。
為證明上述定理,我們給出以下兩個引理:
引理2.2[12]設,1≤p<2,r( t)>0,則
引理2.3設u是問題(1)~(4)的解,則
證明在(1)兩邊做Fourier變換得到
證畢。
證明定理2.1由(1)和(2)知
為了估計修正Navier-Stokes方程問題(1)~(4)解的衰減下界,我們記w=u?v=u?,則
證明證明與引理2.3相似。
成立。
證明定理3.1由(18),使用(5)和(6)知
與證明(15)相似,我們可證:對任取r( t)>0,
為估計(20),我們回顧文獻[13]中的一個不等式
在(20)中應用引理3.2,定理3.1,(7)和(21),我們可推出
當外力f=0時,三維空間上一類修正Navier-Stokes方程解衰減速率有上下界。當初值(1≤p<2)時,解的L2模的衰減速率上界為;對某些初值)時,解的L2模的衰減速率下界為。當外力隨時間無限增大時有一定衰減速率,應用本文方法易知修正Navier-Stokes方程解有相同的上下界。
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Upper and Lower Bounds of Decay Rates for a Solution of a Modified Navier-Stokes Equations
WULuo
(School of Science,Shanghai Second Polytechnic University,Shanghai 201209,P.R.China)
The Navier-Stokes equations have many important application in fluid dynamic,which describe motion characteristics of viscous incompressible fluids for small gradients of the velocities.In 1966,Ladyzhenskaya O.A.suggested several variants of modified Navier-Stokes equations to a determinate description of the nonstationary flows of viscous incompressible fluids for large gradients of the velocities.Forestimating upper and lower bounds of decay rates for a modified Navier-Stokes equations in the whole three-dimensional space,by improving the Fourier splitting methods,the paper proves that upper bounds of decay rates of L2norm to the solution arefor initial value(1≤p<2) and lower bounds of ones arefor some initial value
modified Navier-Stokes equations;large time behavior;decay rate;upper bounds;lower bounds
O175.2
A
1001-4543(2010)03-0173-05
2010-06-03;
2010-06-29
吳珞(1963—),男,遼寧遼陽人,教授,博士,主要研究領域為應用數學,電子郵件:wuluo@sspu.cn
上海市自然科學基金(No.09ZR1412800);上海市教育委員會科研創(chuàng)新項目基金(No.10ZZ131)