盧 蓉

摘 要: From the humanistic point of view, analyzing the relationship between the human and the design of modern city square landscape, this paper proposed the key to make a successfulSquare design is paying attention to the people's feelings and humanistic demands in the design; summed up several principles for meeting the requirements of humanization in square designs.

關(guān)鍵詞: City square;landscape design;humanization

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):J01文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1005-5312(2009)30-0046-01

City square is the most public and artistic open space system in the modern city. It is an important place for people to gather together and exercise. A great square often has a clear theme. Square is an important means to embellish urban space and optimizes the urban environment. Only having beautiful visual sensory elements is not enough. Also conduct activities to meet people's needs. The city square landscape design can be considered as complete only when humanistic principles used in it.

1. the physical comfort

The ultimate goal of landscape design is to satisfy people's existence and development needs in the urban environment. Landscape design makes the urban environment accommodate people's activities sufficiently. And it is more important that making the people in the environment have good and happy lives. So how to create the physical comfort becomes the first consideration in the city square design. Here we have introduced a concept "environmental comfort". Environmental comfort is an indicator that quantifies climate and other environmental factors' impact on the individual physiology in a certain space environment. The bigger the environmental Comfort is, the more reasonable and considerate the design is, On the contrary the opposite. The factors determining Environmental comfort levels mainly are sunlight, temperature, humidity, wind, water and plants

(1) Sunshine

The sun is the source of the universe. It brings everything the energy and hope. The people of modern city life, walk through the concrete of the reactor in the high-rise buildings, the lack of proximity to and communication with nature. People choose the square, considering they can be far from the noisy modern city and bathed in sunlight in a quiet environment. So when we choose square location, we should take into account the sun's four seasons running and the effects generated by the buildings having been built or will be built for the most ample sunshine. For example, on full consideration to this aspect, Bell and Drum Tower Square in Xi'an gets plenty of sunshine and attracts many tourists and citizens to enjoy the sun bathing. Whether we also need much sunshine in summer? There are a lot of tall trees planted in Guangzhou City People's Park.. In the square the green trees make pleasant shade. Many people usually gather here to play chess, musical instruments... ... So the square becomes a place for party and recreation for the people near it and even all Guangzhou citizens.

(2) Temperature

According to the survey, when the temperature is over 12.8C, people will feel comfortable, and it 's suitable for outdoor sports; but when temperature is over 23C, people will be feeling hot andexperience physical discomfort. Temperature often affects people's mood, and it also affects the people in the square how to chose the location for rest. Therefore, designers should seriously consider the calculations of shadow in the design process to regulate the squares' temperature. In view of heating in winter and shading in summer, in addition to planting trees, but also a number of modern technological means can be used to control the temperature.

(3) Surface

Water is the source of life and the soul of nature. For most people, the light sparkling of the water can cause the excitement and joy. In the city square design, abundant and distinctive landscape water adds a number of happy, lively effects to the overall landscape. It also can increase humidity, reduce temperature, improve the microclimate of the square, soften the blunt sense caused by the large square floor, and attracts a large number of people to stop, wander and play there. Fresh air, unique landscapes, the elderly, children near water grasping crabs, collecting shells...... This scene must be unique scenery of urban landscape.

2.Psychology

The performance of the spiritual level, tend to be less intuitive. People's perception of the landscape is a rational thought process. Simply put, in normal conditions, people under different cultural backgrounds are also different in the ways they using the space and territory feeling, sense of privacy about space.

(1) Sense of security

Security is the most basic requirement to meet in a landscape design. Providing the public a certain degree of security in the city square designs is one of the primary factors considered by designers. We can achieve this purpose by setting the fence, lights, prohibiting motor vehicle through the bollards and establishing barrier-free system for disabled. In addition, the visibility of the city square landscape design also plays a vital role to increase the square's security. Maybe just changing the layout of seats can give people the sense of place and security in psychology.

(2) Sense of field

Areas not only provide a relative sense of security and ease of communication of information, but also that the identity of possession and a symbol of the right to share in the field. The production of territory feeling requires a certain enclosed space. According to the survey, the ratio of the square's width (D) to buildings' height around it (H) should be between 1 and 2 as the best yardstick, and then it gives people the strongest territory feeling. When the ratio is less than 1, the buildings around the square will seem crowded and interferential to each other. It affects the square's extent and its public nature of communication. When the ratio is greater than 2, the buildings around the square will be too short and scattered. The square will not achieve the role of getting people together. The ratio affects the squares closure and cohesion, and weakens the territory feeling to people. There are the well-designed environmental embellishments in the city square, though which public space and private space are complemented by mutual adjustment and then reach the balance naturally.

(3) Sense of belonging

For the buildings and the environment that don't accommodate people directly, people's main concern are not their material functions, but their role in the overall urban environment as well as the connection with other surrounding buildings. People concern environment, space, character and identity constituted by them and other local environmental factors, feel and experience the culture attached to them, verify their image and then creating a sense of belonging and a sense of security. The world is Fast-paced today. After a day of hectic work, people want to go to familiar places and get a easy, warm, pleasant mental feeling.

Human being is the main body of the creation of human civilization, but also the core surrounded by all human activities and developments. Esteeming and meeting people's physical, psychological and spiritual needs have been the focus in the design of city square. In the past, the excessive pursuit for material caused the neglect of human values, but today it has been gradually changing. "People oriented", "humanization" and other value orientations have become the main trends in the city square landscape designs.

References :

[1]Sun min. Urban Landscape——Types and methods of landscape design. [M] Tianjin University Press, 2007.