[摘要]目的分析血清乙型肝炎病毒大蛋白(HBV-LP)和干擾素誘導(dǎo)型雙鏈RNA依賴(lài)性蛋白激酶激活劑A(PRKRA)水平對(duì)乙型肝炎病毒相關(guān)原發(fā)性肝癌(HBV-PLC)術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的價(jià)值。方法收集確診為HBV-PLC病人105例,根據(jù)術(shù)后是否復(fù)發(fā)分為未復(fù)發(fā)組(38例)和復(fù)發(fā)組(67例)。比較兩組病人臨床基線(xiàn)資料、生化指標(biāo)結(jié)果和病理資料;采用ELISA法檢測(cè)病人血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平;采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析血清HBV-LP和PRKRA的關(guān)系,Cox回歸模型分析HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素;繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線(xiàn),分析HBV-LP聯(lián)合PRKRA檢測(cè)對(duì)HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果兩組病人性別、年齡、吸煙史、飲酒量、血清生化指標(biāo)和肝硬化等差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),兩組甲胎蛋白(AFP)lt;25 μg/L、腫瘤大小、腫瘤包膜、肝轉(zhuǎn)移、血管侵襲和腫瘤分化程度差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.217~10.849,Plt;0.05)。與未復(fù)發(fā)組比較,復(fù)發(fā)組病人血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平明顯升高(t=6.501、3.615,Plt;0.01)。HBV-PLC病人血清HBV-LP與PRKRA水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.839,Plt;0.01)。腫瘤直徑(2~5 cm)、腫瘤包膜、腫瘤低分化、血清HBV-LP和PRKRA是HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素(HR=1.083~6.938,Plt;0.05)。ROC曲線(xiàn)分析顯示,血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平及二者聯(lián)合對(duì)HBV-PLC病人術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)有預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,ROC曲線(xiàn)下面積分別為0.796、0.685、0.822。結(jié)論血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平升高是HBV-PLC病人術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,二者聯(lián)合檢測(cè)對(duì)HBV-PLC病人術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)具有良好的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞]乙型肝炎病毒;干擾素誘導(dǎo)的雙鏈RNA依賴(lài)激活劑;肝腫瘤;腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),局部
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R735.7[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2024)03-0407-05
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2024.60.088[開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版]https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20240711.1358.006;2024-07-1516:14:54
Value of serum hepatitis B virus large protein combined with interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A in predicting the risk of postoperative recurrence of hepatitis B virus-related primary liver cancerJIANG Shiyan, ZUO Li, CHEN Meili, HUANG Helong, JIAN Xueyao(Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China)
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo investigate the value of the serum levels of hepatitis B virus large protein (HBV-LP) and interfe-ron-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A (PRKRA) in predicting the risk of postoperative recurrence of hepatitis B virus-related primary liver cancer (HBV-PLC). MethodsA totalof 105 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-PLC were enrolled, and according to the presence or absence of recurrence after surgery, they were divided into non-recurrence group with 38 patients and recurrence group with 67 patients. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical baseline data, biochemical parameters, and pathological data. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of HBV-LP and PRKRA; a Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between serum HBV-LP and PRKRA, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of HBV-PLC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve wasplotted to assess the value of HBV-LP combined with PRKRA in predicting the risk of postoperative recurrence of HBV-PLC.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, smoking history, alcohol consumption, serum biochemical parameters, and liver cirrhosis (Pgt;0.05), while there were significant differences between the two groups in alpha-fetoprotein lt;25 μg/L, tumor size, presence of capsule, liver metastasis, vascular invasion, and degree of tumor differentiation (χ2=4.217-10.849,Plt;0.05). Compared with the non-recurrence group, the recurrence group had significant increases in the serum levels of HBV-LP and PRKRA (t=6.501,3.615;Plt;0.01). There was a positive correlation between serum HBV-LP and PRKRA in HBV-PLC patients (r=0.839,Plt;0.01). Tumor diameter (2-5 cm), tumor encapsulation, poor tumor differentiation, and elevated serum levels of HBV-LP and PRKRA were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of HBV-PLC (HR=1.083-6.938,Plt;0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the serum levels of HBV-LP and PRKRA used alone or in combination had a certain value in predicting postoperative recurrence in HBV-PLC patients, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.796, 0.685, and 0.822, respectively. ConclusionElevated serum levels of HBV-LP and PRKRA are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence in HBV-PLC patients, and the combined measurement of serum HBV-LP and PRKRA has a good predictive value for postoperative recurrence in HBV-PLC patients.
[Key words]hepatitis B virus; interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A; liver neoplasms; neoplasm recurrence, local
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是肝細(xì)胞癌(HCC)最重要的危險(xiǎn)因素之一[1]。與非肝硬化病人相比,HBV相關(guān)肝硬化病人發(fā)生HCC的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加31倍,死亡率增加44倍[2]。盡管臨床上已有成熟的HBV疫苗,但全球范圍內(nèi)仍有約2.57億人感染HBV[3]。HCC早期診斷有利于預(yù)后,但目前的檢測(cè)手段存在局限性。乙型肝炎病毒大蛋白(HBV-LP)是HBV病毒粒子成熟的必需蛋白[4]。HBV-LP的濃度可能與HBV基因組的拷貝數(shù)相關(guān)[5],而HBV基因組拷貝數(shù)又是肝癌復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,因此考慮HBV-LP可能也與HBV相關(guān)肝癌復(fù)發(fā)相關(guān)。干擾素誘導(dǎo)的雙鏈RNA依賴(lài)激活劑A(PRKRA)基因編碼的蛋白是RNA誘導(dǎo)沉默復(fù)合物。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PRKRA高表達(dá)可能預(yù)示HBV相關(guān)HCC預(yù)后不良[6]。本研究探討血清HBV-LP和PRKRA對(duì)乙型肝炎病毒相關(guān)原發(fā)性肝癌(HBV-PLC)病人術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,為HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的防治提供理論依據(jù)。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
收集2015年10月—2018年12月在本院進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療的105例HBV-PLC病人臨床資料,其中男60例,女45例,年齡22~79歲,平均(53.09±16.24)歲。病人納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①肝癌首次肝切除;②有乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)陽(yáng)性的慢性乙型肝炎病史;③無(wú)肝外轉(zhuǎn)移;④年齡gt;18歲。病人排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①臨床數(shù)據(jù)不完整;②有肝臟惡性腫瘤的肝切除史;③有肝癌經(jīng)導(dǎo)管動(dòng)脈化療栓塞史;④肝癌化療史;⑤肝癌結(jié)合膽管癌;⑥丙型肝炎表面抗體陽(yáng)性,HCV-RNA負(fù)荷增加;⑦肝臟繼發(fā)性惡性腫瘤;⑧腫瘤直徑gt;5 cm。本文研究獲醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有病人均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2研究方法
所有病人均行根治性切除術(shù),腫瘤完整切除、切緣凈,剩余肝組織無(wú)癌殘留。術(shù)后病人半年內(nèi)每個(gè)月行B超、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、肝功能復(fù)查,半年后3個(gè)月復(fù)查1次。腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)定義:①肝臟超聲檢查懷疑并經(jīng)CT或MRI檢查證實(shí)肝臟出現(xiàn)新病變,血清AFP升高或不升高;②通過(guò)肝臟超聲、CT或MRI檢測(cè)到肝臟中出現(xiàn)新病變,并在切除的標(biāo)本中得到病理證實(shí)[7]。根據(jù)術(shù)后3年內(nèi)是否復(fù)發(fā)將病人分為復(fù)發(fā)組和未復(fù)發(fā)組。
1.3觀(guān)察指標(biāo)
收集所有病人臨床基線(xiàn)資料,包括性別、年齡、抗病毒治療史、吸煙和飲酒情況。男性的飲酒量低于30 g/d或女性的飲酒量低于20 g/d定義為適度飲酒;飲酒量超過(guò)60 g/d定義為重度飲酒[8]。記錄所有病人肝腫瘤的特征,包括腫瘤直徑、分化、包膜、轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)節(jié)和血管侵襲等。一夜禁食后采集病人血樣,檢測(cè)白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血紅蛋白、血小板計(jì)數(shù)、丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶(GGT)、堿性磷酸酶(ALP)、清蛋白(ALB)、肌酐、AFP、HBsAg和乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)。比較分析兩組病人臨床病理資料;另取血液樣本,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)方法檢測(cè)病人血清HBV-LP、PRKRA水平。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。連續(xù)變量采用±s或M(P25,P75)表示,其中正態(tài)分布的連續(xù)變量比較采用Student t檢驗(yàn),非正態(tài)分布變量比較采用Mann-Whitney非參數(shù)U檢驗(yàn);類(lèi)別變量以例數(shù)和百分比表示,數(shù)據(jù)間的比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn)。應(yīng)用Pearson相關(guān)性分析血清HBV-LP和PRKRA的關(guān)系,Cox回歸模型分析HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素。繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線(xiàn),分析HBV-LP聯(lián)合PRKRA對(duì)HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。Plt;0.05為差異有顯著意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組病人臨床資料比較
復(fù)發(fā)組病人67例,未復(fù)發(fā)組病人38例。兩組性別、年齡、吸煙史、飲酒量、血清生化指標(biāo)和肝硬化等差異無(wú)顯著性(Pgt;0.05),AFPlt;25 μg/L、腫瘤大小、包膜、肝轉(zhuǎn)移、血管侵襲和腫瘤分化程度差異有顯著性(χ2=4.217~10.849,Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2兩組血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平比較
與未復(fù)發(fā)組比較,復(fù)發(fā)組病人血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平明顯升高(t=6.501、3.615,Plt;0.01)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3HBV-PLC病人血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平相關(guān)性
HBV-PLC病人血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.839,Plt;0.01),見(jiàn)圖1。
多因素Cox回歸采用進(jìn)入法進(jìn)行變量篩選,以AFP≥25 μg/L、腫瘤直徑lt;2 cm、腫瘤無(wú)包膜、無(wú)血管侵襲、無(wú)肝轉(zhuǎn)移為參照組,腫瘤高分化為啞變量,分析結(jié)果顯示,腫瘤直徑(2~5 cm)、腫瘤包膜、腫瘤低分化、血清HBV-LP和PRKRA高表達(dá)是HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素(HR=1.083~6.938,Plt;0.05),腫瘤直徑大、有包膜、低分化以及血清HBV-LP和PRKRA高表達(dá)的病人HBV-PLC術(shù)后更容易復(fù)發(fā)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.5HBV-LP聯(lián)合PRKRA對(duì)HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值
應(yīng)用ROC曲線(xiàn)圖評(píng)估HBV-LP、PRKRA以及HBV-LP聯(lián)合PRKRA(采用數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行診斷)對(duì)HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的診斷效能,結(jié)果顯示,血清HBV-LP水平對(duì)HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)預(yù)測(cè)的曲線(xiàn)下面積(AUC)為0.796,靈敏度為77.6%,特異度63.2%,截?cái)嘀担–ut off值)為13.25 μg/L;血清PRKRA水平對(duì)HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)預(yù)測(cè)AUC為0.685,靈敏度82.1%,特異度47.4%,Cut off值為2.45 μg/L。HBV-LP聯(lián)合PRKRA對(duì)HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值最高,AUC為0.822,靈敏度88.1%,特異度60.5%。見(jiàn)圖2和表4。
3討論
HBV感染導(dǎo)致的HCC約占中國(guó)所有肝癌的80%[9]。肝移植和肝切除是公認(rèn)的早期HCC治療方法[10],但腫瘤的復(fù)發(fā)率很高,限制了HCC病人的長(zhǎng)期生存率。因此,確定HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素以及有效的可預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),對(duì)于臨床醫(yī)生開(kāi)發(fā)個(gè)體化術(shù)后輔助治療至關(guān)重要。
HBV-LP是3種病毒表面蛋白(大、中、?。┲凶畲蟮奶堑鞍?,在HBV與肝細(xì)胞的靶向、核心蛋白的相互作用以及病毒顆粒的釋放中起著至關(guān)重要的作用[11]。HBV-LP能促進(jìn)病毒顆粒裝配和釋放,并與HBV DNA水平呈正相關(guān),導(dǎo)致亞病毒顆粒儲(chǔ)存在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)內(nèi)腔中,進(jìn)而引起細(xì)胞應(yīng)激,甚至細(xì)胞死亡或癌癥[12]。HBsAg、HBeAg和HBV DNA已被臨床用作判斷HBV感染、疾病嚴(yán)重程度和治療反應(yīng)的指標(biāo)[13]。研究顯示,HBV-LP可能是HBV感染的良好指標(biāo)[4]。血清HBV-LP被認(rèn)為是HBV感染的新標(biāo)志物[14],該標(biāo)志物表明病毒復(fù)制和感染性病毒粒子的存在[15]。然而,在HBV感染人群中血清HBV-LP對(duì)HBV感染的臨床價(jià)值尚未闡明。本研究結(jié)果表明,HBV-PLC病人血清HBV-LP水平明顯升高,并且是HBV-PLC病人術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。
血清AFP一直是HCC篩查最常用的生物標(biāo)志物,其靈敏度為41%~65%,特異度為80%~94%[16]。然而,AFP并非全部由肝癌細(xì)胞所分泌,一些肝硬化或肝炎病人血清AFP水平也可能升高[17]。研究表明,近一半的HCC病人AFP陰性,尤其是在早期和小HCC病人[17]。相關(guān)研究顯示,PRKRA可提高卵巢黏液癌細(xì)胞對(duì)奧沙利鉑的敏感性[18]。SNP rs2059691也與PRKRA mRNA表達(dá)增加和結(jié)直腸癌病人生存率下降相關(guān)[19]。然而,很少有研究關(guān)注PRKRA與HCC之間的關(guān)系,尤其是在HBV相關(guān)的HCC中。HU等[6]研究顯示,外周血中PRKRA的表達(dá)與血清AFP和CEA結(jié)合顯示出潛在的診斷效力,AUROC為0.908。另外有研究顯示,PRKRA顯示出比血清AFP更好的HBV相關(guān)HCC診斷能力[6]。DING等[20]的研究顯示,LINC00665是一種與PKR相互作用的長(zhǎng)基因非編碼RNA,參與NF-κB信號(hào)激活并促進(jìn)肝癌進(jìn)展。受刺激的肝星狀細(xì)胞中的依賴(lài)雙鏈RNA的蛋白激酶(PKR)激活也可以促進(jìn)HCC的發(fā)展。在丙型肝炎病毒感染的HCC中,PKR能夠上調(diào)C-Fos和C-Jun的活性,加速腫瘤發(fā)展[21]。此外,PRKRA可以與PKR激酶結(jié)構(gòu)域結(jié)合,并在病毒感染的細(xì)胞中產(chǎn)生干擾素和細(xì)胞因子,通過(guò)靶向PKR和PRKRA之間的相互作用,抑制對(duì)應(yīng)激的炎癥反應(yīng)[22]。值得注意的是,炎癥是公認(rèn)的癌癥標(biāo)志物,對(duì)惡性腫瘤(包括HBV相關(guān)的HCC)的進(jìn)展有重要促進(jìn)作用[23]。因此,可以推測(cè)PRKRA和PKR之間的相互作用提高激活炎癥水平并導(dǎo)致HBV相關(guān)HCC的預(yù)后不良。本研究結(jié)果顯示,HBV-PLC病人血清PRKRA水平明顯升高,并且與血清HBV-LP呈顯著正相關(guān);血清HBV-LP和PRKRA高表達(dá)、腫瘤包膜、腫瘤低分化以及腫瘤大?。?~5 cm)是HBV-PLC病人術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素;血清HBV-LP水平的診斷價(jià)值優(yōu)于PRKRA,但兩者聯(lián)合診斷價(jià)值最優(yōu)。
綜上所述,腫瘤包膜、腫瘤低分化、腫瘤大?。?~5 cm)、血清HBV-LP以及PRKRA高表達(dá)是HBV-PLC術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)因素,血清HBV-LP聯(lián)合PRKRA檢測(cè)具有預(yù)測(cè)HBV-PLC病人術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的價(jià)值,可以為臨床個(gè)體化治療HBV-LPC提供可靠依據(jù)。
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(本文編輯黃建鄉(xiāng))