雷柏晟 胡媛
[摘 要]目的 分析脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助的自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)治療小乳癥的臨床效果。方法 選取本院2020年7月-2023年7月收治的68例小乳癥患者為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各34例。對(duì)照組予以單純自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù),觀察組予以脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助的自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù),比較兩組乳房體積改善效果、三維增加值、隆起值及術(shù)后隆起增加維持率。結(jié)果 觀察組乳房體積改善總有效率為97.06%,高于對(duì)照組的76.47%(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后3個(gè)月CC、SN-N、C-N、N-MF增加值均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后1、3個(gè)月隆起值大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后1、3個(gè)月隆起增加維持率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助的自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)在小乳癥中應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高,能更好地改善乳房形體,且術(shù)后維持效果較好,值得臨床應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 小乳癥;自體脂肪移植;隆乳術(shù);脂肪干細(xì)胞
[中圖分類號(hào)] R655.8 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1004-4949(2024)06-0131-04
Clinical Effect of Autologous Fat Transplantation Assisted by Adipose-derived Stem Cells Augmentation in the Treatment of Micromastia
LEI Bo-sheng, HU Yuan
(Department of Burns, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, Changsha 410100, Hunan, China)
[Abstract]Objective To analyze the clinical effect of autologous fat transplantation assisted by adipose-derived stem cells augmentation in the treatment of micromastia. Methods A total of 68 patients with micromastia admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to July 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 34 patients in each group. The control group was treated with simple autologous fat transplantation for augmentation mammaplasty, and the observation group was treated with autologous fat transplantation assisted by adipose-derived stem cells for augmentation mammaplasty. The improvement effect of breast volume, three-dimensional added value, uplift value and maintenance rate of postoperative uplift increased were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of breast volume improvement in the observation group was 97.06%, which was higher than 76.47% in the control group (P<0.05). The increased values of CC, SN-N, C-N and N-MF in the observation group were higher than those in the control group at 3 months after operation (P<0.05). The uplift value of the observation group was higher than that of the control group at 1 and 3 months after operation (P<0.05). The maintenance rate of uplift increased in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at 1 and 3 months after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion Autologous fat transplantation assisted by adipose-derived stem cells augmentation has high application value for patients with micromastia. It can better improve the breast shape and has a good postoperative maintenance effect, which is worthy of clinical application.
[Key words] Micromastia; Autologous fat transplantation; Breast augmentation; Adipose-derived stem cells
小乳癥(micromastia)為一種先天性乳房發(fā)育異常性疾病,對(duì)女性日常生活與身心健康有一定負(fù)面影響。隨著醫(yī)學(xué)水平提升,出現(xiàn)人工假體置入、自體脂肪填充等治療手段,假體置入雖有一定效果,但需置入人工材料,安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高[1-3]。自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)是從身體腰、腹、臀、腿等脂肪較豐厚的部位提取脂肪顆粒并移植到胸部的一種隆胸術(shù)[4-6]。一般情況下該術(shù)式效果能長(zhǎng)期維持,但由于移植脂肪于植入?yún)^(qū)吸收率較高,需進(jìn)行多次手術(shù)方可達(dá)到滿意效果,易增加患者心理及經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。研究顯示[7],脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助的自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)在改善脂肪移植存活率方面效果較好。本研究旨在進(jìn)一步探析脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助的自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)臨床療效,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取湘雅博愛(ài)康復(fù)醫(yī)院2020年7月-2023年7月收治的68例小乳癥患者為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組與觀察組,各34例。對(duì)照組年齡25~45歲,平均年齡(33.50±2.48)歲;乳房體積169~232 cm3,平均乳房體積(200.50±3.68)cm3。觀察組年齡23~43歲,平均年齡(33.49±2.45)歲;乳房體積169~233 cm3,平均乳房體積(201.06±3.65)cm3。兩組年齡及乳房體積比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),研究可比。
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡18~45歲,體重指數(shù)18~25 kg/m2;知情研究并簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并精神疾??;合并傳染性疾病者;凝血功能障礙者;懷孕或者計(jì)劃懷孕者。
1.3 方法 所選患者入組后均行乳腺M(fèi)RI拍攝,詳細(xì)收集三維等乳房數(shù)據(jù),便于術(shù)后評(píng)估治療效果。
1.3.1抽取脂肪 依據(jù)患者實(shí)際情況,抽取患者大腿中段或腹部皮下組織中脂肪為填充物,對(duì)患者常規(guī)麻醉后,于選取的抽脂處注射2000 ml麻醉腫脹液,應(yīng)用3 ml抽脂管于負(fù)壓500 mmHg下抽取所需脂肪懸液。
1.3.2脂肪干細(xì)胞提取 對(duì)抽取的脂肪組織進(jìn)行離心處理,離心速率為3000 r/min,去除紅細(xì)胞、細(xì)胞碎片與上層液體,并選取100 ml進(jìn)行脂肪干細(xì)胞提取,具體方法如下:首先將含有膠原酶(濃度0.01%)的80 ml生理鹽水加入至100 ml脂肪組織中,200 r/min速率于37 ℃下的搖床中搖晃均勻,將其加入等量生理鹽水中,2000 r/min速率離心5 min,以徹底去除下層漂浮物。上層清液去除后,在生理鹽水輔助下重懸下層沉淀,利用孔徑為100 μm篩網(wǎng)過(guò)濾破碎細(xì)胞,過(guò)濾后液體以1400 r/min速率進(jìn)行離心重懸,獲取5 ml脂肪干細(xì)胞懸液。將剩余脂肪組織進(jìn)行低溫保存,用以脂肪填充備用。
1.3.3自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù) 所有患者均行全麻處理,于脂肪供應(yīng)區(qū)與乳房受區(qū)行常規(guī)消毒鋪巾。脂肪處理:將抽取處理好后的脂肪液體,按照1 ml脂肪組織添加2×105~7×105個(gè)脂肪干細(xì)胞的比例進(jìn)行充分混勻;對(duì)照組僅添加1 ml生理鹽水。脂肪填充:于患者乳房下皺壁做一個(gè)1 mm切口,應(yīng)用10 ml注射器與2 mm螺口脂肪移植針對(duì)患者切口處依據(jù)科爾曼脂肪移植法操作,皮下、胸大肌內(nèi)、后、乳腺后間隙等層次進(jìn)行脂肪扇形、多隧道、多層次與多點(diǎn)小量注射,注射過(guò)程中遵循低速、低壓原則,直至乳房形態(tài)與大小滿意后結(jié)束注射。術(shù)后即刻進(jìn)行乳房數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
1.4.1評(píng)估兩組乳房體積改善效果 應(yīng)用MRI觀察患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后3個(gè)月乳房體積,計(jì)算治療3個(gè)月后乳房體積增加值及乳房體積增量留存率。顯效:留存率>60%;有效:留存率30%~60%;無(wú)效:留存率<30%。總有效率=顯效率+有效率。
1.4.2測(cè)量?jī)山M三維增加值 于術(shù)前及術(shù)后3個(gè)月應(yīng)用MRI記錄CC(胸圍)、SN-N(胸骨切跡-乳頭距離)、C-N(鎖骨-乳頭距離)、N-MF(乳頭-下皺壁距離)值,計(jì)算三維增加值。
1.4.3測(cè)量?jī)山M隆起值 手術(shù)前后指導(dǎo)患者取直立位,測(cè)量乳頭根部與胸骨平面距離,計(jì)算術(shù)后1、3個(gè)月隆起值。
1.4.4記錄兩組隆起增加維持率 以術(shù)前隆起值作為基準(zhǔn),觀察隆乳效果,計(jì)算隆起增加維持率。
2.1 兩組乳房體積改善效果比較 觀察組乳房體積改善總有效率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組三維增加值比較 觀察組術(shù)后3個(gè)月CC、SN-N、C-N、N-MF增加值均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組隆起值比較 觀察組術(shù)后1、3個(gè)月隆起值大于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 兩組術(shù)后隆起增加維持率比較 觀察組術(shù)后1、3個(gè)月隆起增加維持率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
乳房為女性重要特征,小乳癥以胸部平坦為主要表現(xiàn),會(huì)給女性生理與心理帶來(lái)一定負(fù)面影響[8]。近年來(lái),為滿足小乳癥女性對(duì)豐滿乳房的需求,隆乳術(shù)逐漸廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床,包括假體隆乳和脂肪填充隆乳。既往臨床常采用硅凝膠乳房假體隆乳術(shù),雖能達(dá)到一定隆胸效果,但創(chuàng)傷較大,且術(shù)后極易留下手術(shù)切口與瘢痕[9-11]。自體脂肪隆乳術(shù)可能去除機(jī)體多余脂肪,還能滿足患者對(duì)乳房需求,接受度較高。但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[12,13],該術(shù)式術(shù)后存在脂肪移植存活率不高問(wèn)題,尤其是若進(jìn)行較大脂肪移植時(shí),易出現(xiàn)大幅度吸收、不對(duì)稱、局部脂肪鈣化液化、反復(fù)填充等情況,較難達(dá)到預(yù)期乳房外觀形態(tài)要求。鑒于此,如何提升自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)術(shù)后脂肪存活率為臨床重點(diǎn)研究關(guān)注問(wèn)題。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組乳房體積改善總有效率高于對(duì)照組,術(shù)后3個(gè)月CC、SN-N、C-N、N-MF增加值高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),說(shuō)明使用脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助隆乳后對(duì)于乳房三維值整體增加有積極影響,隆乳效果較好。分析認(rèn)為,脂肪干細(xì)胞能直接分化為脂肪細(xì)胞,促使脂肪細(xì)胞再生,提升脂肪存活率;脂肪干細(xì)胞還能分化成血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞與血管壁細(xì)胞,加速脂肪組織周圍血管生長(zhǎng),保障隆乳效果。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,觀察組術(shù)后1、3個(gè)月隆起值大于對(duì)照組,隆起增加維持率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),說(shuō)明使用脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助隆乳有利于保持術(shù)后乳房形態(tài)。分析認(rèn)為,采用脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助隆乳可提升脂肪存活率;此外,在缺氧狀態(tài)下脂肪干細(xì)胞對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮因子、肝細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子、胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1等細(xì)胞因子還具有刺激分泌作用,為血管生成與周圍組織微環(huán)境重建創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì),可達(dá)到增加三圍的效果。同時(shí),脂肪干細(xì)胞還能分裂產(chǎn)生較多脂肪干細(xì)胞,因此應(yīng)用脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)能有效避免脂肪細(xì)胞血供不足所致的脂肪壞死情況,提升移植脂肪存活率,達(dá)到患者預(yù)期手術(shù)效果[14-16]。
綜上所述,脂肪干細(xì)胞輔助的自體脂肪移植隆乳術(shù)在小乳癥中應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高,能更好地改善乳房形體,且術(shù)后維持效果較好,值得臨床應(yīng)用。
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收稿日期:2024-2-3 編輯:劉雯