周艷華
一、題型分析
回答問題型任務(wù)閱讀要求學(xué)生根據(jù)短文、表格、圖片或圖文結(jié)合的材料回答命題者設(shè)定的問題, 所設(shè)置的任務(wù)通過事實或細節(jié)的查找就能完成,與普通閱讀理解的解題方法相似,只是題目設(shè)計采用了主觀題形式,沒有給出選項,需要我們從材料中尋求信息,以一個完整的句子或者是其適當?shù)目s略形式作答。從設(shè)計問題所涉及的內(nèi)容看,考查文本表層理解多于深層理解,其設(shè)計的問題多數(shù)針對文章中的細節(jié)提出,出題形式通常由一個一般疑問句及who, what, why, where, when和how等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句組成,回答的內(nèi)容主要針對文章中的細節(jié),答案基本都能在原文中找到出處。此類題型要求學(xué)生有較扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)和較強的綜合運用語言的能力。
二、 解題思路
1. 快速閱讀,掌握大意
做這種閱讀理解題,首先要瀏覽短文后面所提出的問題,帶著問題通讀全文,把握文章主旨大意。
2. 細讀短文,尋找信息
在把握文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細閱讀后面的問題,在原文中找出問題題干所包含的具體信息部分, 細讀與疑問詞或者問題相關(guān)的句子、短語及關(guān)鍵詞等,這樣就可以快速準確地抓住有效信息,各個擊破,提高答題的準確性。
3. 復(fù)讀文章,核實答案
在初步完成回答問題后,同學(xué)們必須再仔細閱讀短文,看清問題,認真核實答案,避免答非所問。
4. 檢查書寫,注意表達
任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力,更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。因此,最后要檢查單詞拼寫是否正確,詞形有無變化,是否需要大寫等;人稱是否需要變化;問題中的時態(tài)是否與原文一致,回答是否需要變化;問題答案是否需要整合,回答是否全面;歸納概括表達是否準確等。
三、 真題鏈接
【試題】(2022·遼寧·大連)
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,回答下列問題。
Seeing changes in China
①It was a warm spring day in 2021.Chen Beier, a reporter and TV presenter from Hong Kong,was on her way to a small village called Atuleer. The small village sits at the top of an 800-meter-high cliff(懸崖). People can only get up to it by climbing a 2,556-step steel ladder(鋼梯). It is very dangerous.
②So, was Chen looking for adventure there?The answer is no. The famous presenter was,instead,making a documentary.
③In February 2021,China reached an important goal. It got rid of poverty(擺脫貧困). Many people couldnt believe this. After all,China has a large number of poor villages. In order to show the truth to people, Chen set out to make No Poverty Land.
④The trip turned out to be hard. When she was halfway up the ladder to Atuleer,for example,Chen felt so tired that she could hardly go any further. She was also afraid of heights. The villagers advised her to stop the climb,but the woman continued her climb.
⑤This steel ladder,in fact,is only six years old. Before it was built,the villagers had to face even bigger danger and use a rattan(藤條制成的)ladder. The government has also built houses for the villagers at the foot of the mountain. Through No Poverty Land,people can easily see how life in poor areas of China has been improved.
⑥China has changed a lot,but some people just find it hard to believe.Now,Chen has shown us what we can do about that:Dont just tell people about the great changes,show them when you can.
59. Who is Chen Beier?
60. Where is the small village Atuleer?
61. Why did Chen make the documentary No Poverty Land?
62. How did Chen feel about climbing up the ladder?
63. Through No Poverty Land, what changes can be seen in Atuleer?(Give one example.)
64. What do you think of Chen Beier?Why do you think so?
【分析】本文主要介紹了來自香港的記者和電視主持人陳貝兒前往四川阿土列爾村,她在做一個關(guān)于消除極端貧困的節(jié)目名叫《無窮之路》,向世人展示了中國發(fā)生的巨大變化。
【解答】59. 細節(jié)理解題。此題題干中的疑問詞who和名字為關(guān)鍵詞,可以在短文第①段迅速找到答題點,根據(jù)Chen Beier,a reporter and TV presenter from Hong Kong,可知答案為:A reporter and TV presenter.
60. 細節(jié)理解題。從題干的疑問詞where入手,在短文第①段可以找到關(guān)于地點的信息,根據(jù)The small village sits at the top of an 800-meter-high cliff . 可知,阿土列爾的小村莊在800米高的懸崖上。故答案為:At the top of an 800-meter-high cliff.
61. 細節(jié)理解題。此題以題干中的why為關(guān)鍵詞,細讀短文,在第③段中In order to show the truth to people,Chen set out to make No Poverty Land. 找到 In order to可知,陳要拍紀錄片《無窮之路》是為了向人們展示真相,故答案為:In order to show the truth to people.
62. 歸納概括題。根據(jù)題干中的特殊疑問詞how可知,一般用形容詞來回答,故到短文中找形容詞。根據(jù)When she was halfway up the ladder to Atuleer,for example,Chen felt so tired that she could hardly go any further.可以找到tired為答案。此題要注意,接下來的 She was also afraid of heights,可知她也恐高。故完整答案為:She felt tired and afraid. 此題同學(xué)們查找信息要完整,并要進行歸納概括。
63. 細節(jié)理解題。此題為列舉題,應(yīng)通過閱讀,概括整合,回答完整例子。根據(jù)Through No Poverty Land,people can easily see how life in poor areas of China has been improved. 可知,通過《無窮之路》,在阿土列爾能看到人們的生活得到了改善。故答案為:Life in it has been improved.
64. 個人想法題。此題為開放題,根據(jù)問題,應(yīng)該用形容詞來概括最佳。根據(jù)In order to show the truth to people,Chen set out to make No Poverty Land. 可以看出陳貝兒是一個很有責(zé)任心的人,因為她為了向人們展示真相而制作了紀錄片《無窮之路》。故答案為:I think she is responsible. Because she has make No Poverty Land in order to show the truth to people. 此類題型一般考查學(xué)生理解、概括、表達的綜合能力,答案力求表達準確,積極向上。
四、答題策略
1. 注意不同問題的回答方式
(1)一般疑問句用Yes / No回答,避免犯錯,簡單即可。
(2)特殊疑問句較為復(fù)雜,要注意問題與回答在形式上的對應(yīng):問目的,通常用 for短語或者不定式短語等來回答;問原因,通常用 because of 短語或because 從句來回答;提問詞是what,一般用完整句子、名詞或名詞性短語、名詞性從句來回答;而用when, where提問時,不要忘記答語做狀語時要加上介詞。
(3)最后一個問題通常為開放性題目,要做到言之成理,積極向上。
2. 答題時要注意表達準確
(1)在組織答語時要認真細致,能簡避繁,確保準確;避免使用不熟悉的句型、詞匯或短語,盡可能用原文中的關(guān)鍵詞語回答問題,但不能完全照抄原句,要考慮是否需要對原文進行總結(jié)歸納。
(2)要避免語言形式錯誤,如拼寫、標點符號、大小寫等,特別要注意首字母要大寫;同時避免語法錯誤,注意主謂是否一致、時態(tài)與原文是否對應(yīng),人稱是否需要變化等。
總之,回答問題型任務(wù)閱讀基于理解,重在表達,回答時要精煉概括、言簡意賅,體現(xiàn)“簡”與“準”二字。同學(xué)們在平時的練習(xí)中,可以根據(jù)自己的認知水平和思維能力,選擇一些時效性強的熱點話題并有思維含量的語篇作為閱讀材料進行訓(xùn)練來提高自己的答題能力。