馬星星
讀后續(xù)寫題是高考中的一種新題型。該題型的命題要求為閱讀一篇350詞左右的材料,根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容和給出的段落首句續(xù)寫兩段文字,續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)要在150詞左右。為了幫助同學們輕松應對這一題型,文章將結(jié)合教學實例,從三個方面探討如何在充分解讀文本的基礎上,合情合理地續(xù)寫文章。
一、仔細閱讀文章,理清文章情節(jié)
讀后續(xù)寫的文章以記敘文為主,而記敘文的六要素分別是時間、地點、人物、故事的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果。那么同學們在續(xù)寫文章時,首先要做到的就是理清文章的情節(jié)脈絡,具體可以借助圖表、思維導圖等輔助工具來把握文章的主要內(nèi)容。
以下是江蘇省某學校月考的題目,文本內(nèi)容大致如下:
My mother asked me what is the most important part of my body. My first answer was ears, but my moth- er told me that many deaf people? are also happy. The second time I replied eyes that my mother told me that I had? made progress, but? many blind people? were? also happy. Later, my grandpa died. At his funeral, my moth- er still asked me that question. I felt at a loss... The fol- lowing content was continued by the examine.
The requirements for continuation are as follows:1. The? number? of? words? to? be? continued? should? be about 150;2. The continuation part is divided into two paragraphs,? and the? opening words? of each paragraph have been written for you;3. The continuation content is reasonable and has its own thinking.
Paragraph 1:“My? dear,the? most important body part,”she said,
Paragraph 2:“Mom ,I understand. And you? can cry on my shoulder too.”
二、思考故事走向,解決矛盾沖突
同學們在續(xù)寫文章時,一定要對故事的發(fā)展方向進行縝密思考,并且基于文章的矛盾沖突想出解決方法,這樣才能夠讓續(xù)寫的文章與原文契合度較高,而且還有始有終,體現(xiàn)思維的縝密性。想要巧妙地解決文本中的矛盾沖突,同學們可以結(jié)合實際生活經(jīng)驗,提出一些針對性的意見。并且在續(xù)寫的過程中最好可以增加一些細節(jié)性的描寫,這樣能夠使故事內(nèi)容具有一定的吸引力和可讀性。
這一文本的矛盾沖突有兩個:一是媽媽屢次問“我”這個問題,并對“我”的答案給予了否定;二是媽媽為什么會在爺爺?shù)脑岫Y上問“我”這個問題。通過這兩個矛盾,我們可以推測故事的走向。既然之前“我”回答了“耳朵”和“眼睛”后,媽媽都給予了否定,但是在爺爺?shù)脑岫Y上媽媽又問了“我”這個問題,說明問題的答案可能與之有關(guān)。續(xù)寫的第二段 Mom,I? understand. And? you? can? cry? on? my? shoulder? too.給出了明顯提示,答案應該是肩膀。所以續(xù)寫的第一段“My dear,the most important body part,”she said,_____________________.橫線部分應該填“Its the shoulder.”這樣就解決了第一個矛盾沖突。那為什么媽媽要在爺爺?shù)脑岫Y上問這個問題呢?肩膀的意義是什么?我們會想到“承擔”“責任”“關(guān)愛”等。這樣一來,矛盾就得以解決,故事的走向也明了了。
三、結(jié)合主題意義,挖掘文本內(nèi)涵
主題是語篇的核心,貫穿于整個語篇,把握好故事的主題意義有利于續(xù)寫時進行升華。在續(xù)寫故事的結(jié)局時,學生一定要發(fā)表一些有價值的想法,這樣才能夠起到一個升華主題的作用。
這篇文章的主題通過上文可知,應該與“責任與愛”相關(guān),所以在續(xù)寫故事內(nèi)容時,同學們就可以結(jié)合主題語境,挖掘出文本的內(nèi)涵。闡述“責任與愛”的含義。以下是某位同學續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容:
“Its the shoulder.Because the shoulder is a placefor crying friends or loved ones to rest their heads on. Ijust hope you have enough love to lend your shoulderwhen your friend needs it.”
Thats when I learned that the most important partof our body is not selfish things,but responsibility andlove.
總而言之,在進行讀后續(xù)寫時,讀是寫的基礎,寫則是讀的延伸,閱讀與寫作是相輔相成的關(guān)系。同學們在續(xù)寫時,一定要認真解讀原文的故事情節(jié),找到原文的矛盾沖突,研讀原文的主題意義,在此基礎上續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容會更符合原文的發(fā)展走向,也更加契合主題。
(作者單位:江蘇省泰興中學)