徐瑩
讀后續(xù)寫題是高考英語中新增加的一種寫作題型,要求考生在理解一篇350詞以內(nèi)的材料的基礎上(體裁多以記敘文為主),根據(jù)已給的故事信息,結(jié)合已經(jīng)寫好的兩個開頭語,創(chuàng)作出與原文邏輯及情節(jié)合理銜接、內(nèi)容豐富生動、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的150字左右的短文。本文以2022年江蘇省高考真題為例,來總結(jié)一下讀后續(xù)寫題的解題技巧。
從試題結(jié)構(gòu)看,讀后續(xù)寫考查的是學生的閱讀理解能力和書面表達能力。因此,在寫作之前要先讀懂文本,準確理解原文,然后完成一篇與原文邏輯銜接緊密、寫作風格一致的續(xù)寫文章。在進行讀后續(xù)寫時有以下四個步驟:
一、讀取信息
通讀全文,弄清文章大意,找出關鍵要素:即理清人物、地點、時間、事件(故事的起因和經(jīng)過)、原因及怎樣發(fā)展。
人物:我(學校的特殊教育老師);大衛(wèi)(十歲的腦癱兒,走路和跑步搖搖擺擺,卻一直堅持訓練,準備參加越野賽。)
地點:茂密的樹林
時間:越野賽當天
事件:大衛(wèi)盡管腦癱,卻一直積極參加鍛煉,為越野賽做準備,他跑步的姿勢可能會引起其他同學的嘲笑,教練擔心這會傷害到他,所以讓大衛(wèi)自己決定跑與不跑。作為特殊教育老師,我了解大衛(wèi)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)并且敬佩他堅持參賽的決心。所以在比賽前夕,我才會關注他。
二、預測發(fā)展
根據(jù)兩個段首句來推測情節(jié),與每個段落的開頭句合理銜接。原文中哪些句子可用作線索?
此文中圍繞 David 是否參加這次越野賽的關鍵是:他跑步的姿勢可能會引起其他同學的嘲笑,教練擔心這會傷害到他,所以讓大衛(wèi)自己決定跑與不跑。
根據(jù)第一段的首句,可以知道我和大衛(wèi)坐在一起,但是他不看我??梢詮囊韵聨讉€方面入手去考慮問題:他為什么不看我?我又說了什么,做了什么呢?最終大衛(wèi)參加比賽了嗎?由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我看著大衛(wèi)和其他選手一起走上起跑線?!笨芍诙慰擅鑼懰谂懿街械谋憩F(xiàn),周圍人對他表現(xiàn)的看法,以及作者和大衛(wèi)的感受。我們可以設想這樣一個正能量的結(jié)尾:其他學校的孩子們沒有嘲笑反而會很敬佩他,會為他的身殘志堅和不畏困難堅持到最后的精神而鼓掌。
三、續(xù)寫故事
續(xù)寫側(cè)重敘事,里面涉及到的人的動作是非常多的,要側(cè)重細節(jié)描寫。比如“He was sad.”這就過于簡單。“Dropping his head, he was in low spirits.”這樣的表達畫面感就很強。另外要模仿原文的語言風格,把從原文中獲取的詞匯、句子應用于續(xù)寫中。在寫作時,要側(cè)重以下幾個問題。
Paragraph1:What did I decide to do?
What and how did I say to him then, making himdetermined to run?
Why? What was he doing then? How was he feel-ing then?
Paragraph2: How did he perform in the race?
What did I feel when seeing him perform that way?
What was the other kids response to his perfor-mance?
注意寫好三個銜接句:即第一段首句后的銜接句、第一段尾句、第二段首句后的銜接句。寫好一個升華句:即第二段的尾句——要與文章開頭遙相呼應,故事圓滿結(jié)局,凸顯主題,升華精神。
四、潤色定稿
在續(xù)寫時,學生要使用清晰的銜接詞,內(nèi)容要符合邏輯,語言特點要與原文一致。因此,學生在初步完成后,要進行潤色定稿。下面展示一篇學生的習作:
Paragraph1: We sat down next to each other, but David wouldnt look at me. Dropping his head, he was in low spirits. I turned to him and said in a soft voice, “David, you had worked so hard for this event. How I admire your strong determination. Why not give it a try?”“I am afraid other kids will laugh at me.” Murmured him.“But David, what counts most is your heart, you want to run, right? You are sure to make it.” Hearing this, He lifted his head and looked at me in the eyes, saying firmly,“Imgonna run.”
Paragraph2: I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. I had no idea what would happen during the race. The starting gun fired. Davids small body rushed out, rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. He fell behind soon but it seemed that he cared for nothing except moving forward. Everybody cheered for him as he reached the finishing line. David waved to me with excitement and shouted,“I made it!”His big smile came back again.
總之,在做讀后續(xù)寫題時,學生應學會閱讀全文,抓住主題;分析兩段首句,提出問題,預測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展趨勢;續(xù)寫中保持原文的寫作風格,側(cè)重細節(jié)描寫,注意使用銜接詞以保證行文流暢。
(作者單位:江蘇省泰州市田家炳實驗中學)