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基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶參與神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的研究進(jìn)展*

2023-04-05 17:32:11謝曄萬琪慕靜然駱延曾俊偉
中國病理生理雜志 2023年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:背角神經(jīng)病膠質(zhì)

謝曄, 萬琪, 慕靜然, 駱延, 曾俊偉

基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶參與神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的研究進(jìn)展*

謝曄, 萬琪, 慕靜然, 駱延, 曾俊偉

(遵義醫(yī)科大學(xué)生理學(xué)教研室,貴州 遵義 563000)

基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶;神經(jīng)病理性疼痛;脊髓;背根神經(jīng)節(jié);炎癥

神經(jīng)病理性疼痛是一種常見的臨床癥狀,主要由神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷引起。近年研究表明,基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs)是一類鈣、鋅依賴水解酶,其不僅可切割水解組織蛋白,也可降解炎癥因子、趨化因子以及神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)受體等,在腦損傷、神經(jīng)退行性疾病以及膠質(zhì)瘤的病變過程中發(fā)揮作用。近年來,在針對神經(jīng)病理性疼痛患者進(jìn)行的臨床研究以及在動物模型進(jìn)行的痛覺機(jī)制研究中,觀察到在感覺傳導(dǎo)通路上分布的MMPs參與了神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的發(fā)生與維持。本文就這方面的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述,為研發(fā)新藥用于臨床鎮(zhèn)痛治療提供參考資料。

1 MMPs簡介

MMPs的分子結(jié)構(gòu)包括N端酶原前肽結(jié)構(gòu)域、金屬蛋白酶催化結(jié)構(gòu)域、可變長度的連接區(qū)和C端類血凝蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域。依據(jù)催化區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)和催化底物不同,可將MMPs分為膠原酶、明膠酶、溶血素、基質(zhì)溶素、膜型MMPs和其他MMPs。研究表明,MMP-1、-2、-3、-8、-9、-14等幾種MMPs廣泛表達(dá)在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),參與了神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的發(fā)生與維持。其中,MMP-1和MMP-8屬于膠原酶,存在N-末端激活劑結(jié)構(gòu)域、富含甘氨酸的接頭和肽酶結(jié)構(gòu)域;MMP-2和MMP-9屬于明膠酶,在催化結(jié)構(gòu)域有3個(gè)II型纖連蛋白重復(fù)序列;MMP-3屬于溶血素,具有類血紅蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域,通過鉸鏈區(qū)域連接到催化結(jié)構(gòu)域;MMP-14屬于膜型MMPs,具有跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)域和胞質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)域[1-4]。另外,金屬蛋白酶組織抑制劑(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMPs)是一種內(nèi)源性MMPs抑制劑,包括TIMP-1、-2、-3和-4,可通過其N末端結(jié)構(gòu)域與MMPs結(jié)合從而降低其切割降解能力。其中,TIMP-1可抑制MMP-9活性;TIMP-2可抑制MMP-2活性;TIMP-3可抑制MMP-1、-2、-3、-9、-14活性;TIMP-4可抑制MMP-2和MMP-14活性[5-6]。

2 基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶參與神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的機(jī)制

2.1MMPs促進(jìn)疼痛的臨床數(shù)據(jù)分析研究表明,在神經(jīng)病理性疼痛患者的腦脊液、血清以及病變組織中,檢測到MMPs的含量出現(xiàn)異常?;蛏飳W(xué)分析顯示,基因多態(tài)性變異增加與患者疼痛程度相關(guān),攜帶rs17997502G/2G基因型的椎間盤突出癥患者疼痛強(qiáng)度更高,手術(shù)治療效果較差,疼痛緩解率低[7]。在腰椎間盤突出的神經(jīng)病理性疼痛患者進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療,檢測到取出的纖維環(huán)和髓核病變組織中,未活化或已活化的MMP-3都比MMP-1更多,將病變組織與地塞米松共孵育后MMP-1和MMP-3活性明顯下降;將病變組織與白細(xì)胞介素1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)中和抗體或腫瘤壞死因子抑制劑共孵育后MMP-3活性下降,但不影響MMP-1活性,該研究推測,減輕病變組織的炎癥反應(yīng)有助于MMP-1和MMP-3的活性恢復(fù)正常;與之相似,另一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)雙盲交叉試驗(yàn)觀察到,在17例肥胖導(dǎo)致骨關(guān)節(jié)炎的疼痛患者血清中MMP-3、IL-1β和IL-6含量增加,給予抗炎治療后MMP-3、IL-1β和IL-6含量下降,其上升或下降的程度與痛覺評分正相關(guān)[8]。與同齡健康人群相比,在患有腰椎手術(shù)失敗綜合征的24名疼痛患者血清中MMP-2、TIMP-1和TIMP-2含量增加,由此推測MMP-2可能參與了神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的長期維持[9]。而且,與同齡健康人群相比,在14名65歲以上骨關(guān)節(jié)炎疼痛患者腦脊液中,未活化和已活化的MMP-2含量明顯增多[10]。這些臨床研究初步提示,MMPs的異常表達(dá)可能與神經(jīng)炎癥一起參與了神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的發(fā)生與維持。

2.2MMPs促進(jìn)疼痛的外周機(jī)制

2.2.1MMPs在背根神經(jīng)節(jié)(dorsal root ganglion, DRG)促進(jìn)疼痛的機(jī)制通過免疫組織化學(xué)染色、免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)染色及免疫熒光雙標(biāo)等形態(tài)學(xué)技術(shù)檢測到,在DRG主要表達(dá)有MMP-1、-2、-3、-9、-13、-14、-24和-28。其中,MMP-1和MMP-13表達(dá)在βIII-微管蛋白陽性神經(jīng)元[11-12];MMP-2和MMP-9表達(dá)在快傳導(dǎo)的A型和慢傳導(dǎo)的C型神經(jīng)元;MMP-2和MMP-14表達(dá)在衛(wèi)星細(xì)胞[13];MMP-3表達(dá)在大直徑DRG神經(jīng)元;MMP-24表達(dá)在A型神經(jīng)元。免疫熒光雙標(biāo)技術(shù)檢測到,MMP-9與內(nèi)皮素受體、α-氨基-3-羥基-5-甲基-4-異噁唑丙酸受體(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicacid receptor, AMPAR)、μ阿片受體(mu opioid receptor, MOR)和Mas相關(guān)基因C(Mas-related gene C, MrgC)受體共表達(dá)于DRG神經(jīng)元,其中內(nèi)皮素受體、AMPAR和MOR激活促進(jìn)MMP-9表達(dá),但MrgC受體激活抑制MMP-9表達(dá)[14]。

研究觀察到,在脊神經(jīng)結(jié)扎、糖尿病神經(jīng)病理性疼痛、切口痛或化療痛等多種大鼠/小鼠模型,分布在DRG的MMP-1、-2、-3、-9和-24表達(dá)上調(diào),下調(diào)這些MMPs的表達(dá)或抑制其活性具有鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)[15]。這些MMPs在DRG促進(jìn)病理痛發(fā)生與維持的機(jī)制有以下幾種:

2.2.1.1促進(jìn)外周神經(jīng)損傷與功能障礙在糖尿病神經(jīng)病理性疼痛和坐骨神經(jīng)損傷的疼痛大鼠,位于DRG的MMP-9和MMP-14表達(dá)及活性均上調(diào),可以參與切割髓鞘堿性蛋白(myelin basic protein, MBP)導(dǎo)致其降解,其降解片段進(jìn)一步誘導(dǎo)施萬細(xì)胞MMP-14表達(dá)增加,神經(jīng)沃勒樣變性,坐骨神經(jīng)纖維直徑減小,軸突功能障礙;MMP-14還可以促進(jìn)MMP-2的切割與活化,促進(jìn)疼痛的發(fā)生與維持;相反,基因敲除或在坐骨神經(jīng)損傷位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行神經(jīng)內(nèi)注射MMP-14抑制劑可以逆轉(zhuǎn)MBP降解,維持坐骨神經(jīng)纖維和髓鞘穩(wěn)態(tài),從而緩解神經(jīng)病理性疼痛[16-17]。

2.2.1.2促進(jìn)DRG氧自由基和炎癥因子生成在坐骨神經(jīng)結(jié)扎、足底切口以及紫杉醇/奧沙利鉑照射的化療痛以及嗎啡耐受的疼痛大鼠/小鼠,DRG分布的MMP-2、-3和-9的表達(dá)及活性均上調(diào),活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)、IL-1β、IL-6、腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)及誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS)生成增多,提示這些MMPs可能通過加強(qiáng)DRG的炎癥反應(yīng)促進(jìn)痛覺敏化。隨后的研究表明,在DRG神經(jīng)元,MMP-2和MMP-9通過促進(jìn)細(xì)胞外信號調(diào)節(jié)激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK;與MMP-2共定位)和p38絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38 MAPK;與MMP-9共定位)磷酸化導(dǎo)致IL-1β生成增加[13, 18];MMP-3和MMP-9的活化促進(jìn)DRG巨噬細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生大量ROS;另外,MMP-2/9既可以降解施萬細(xì)胞膜中的Ⅳ型膠原蛋白,導(dǎo)致血液中的巨噬細(xì)胞穿過施萬細(xì)胞基底層釋放TNF-α,也可以直接切割pro-TNF-α,促進(jìn)其與腫瘤壞死因子受體1結(jié)合,促進(jìn)神經(jīng)損傷區(qū)域的炎癥反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)病理性疼痛。因此,在外周神經(jīng)損傷、足底切口、化療痛以及嗎啡耐受的疼痛大鼠/小鼠,鞘內(nèi)注射MMP-2/9抑制劑、MMP-9抑制劑Ⅲ、TIMP1(抑制MMP-9活化)或MMP-9中和抗體可以通過抑制ERK和p38 MAPK活化、減少氧自由基和炎癥因子生成,從而發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)[19-21]。其中,DRG分布的肥大細(xì)胞蛋白酶1(mast cell protease-1, Mcpt-1)可以切割MMP-3導(dǎo)致其激活;神經(jīng)元或巨噬細(xì)胞釋放高遷移率族蛋白B1,激活Toll樣受體4/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B通路,導(dǎo)致MMP-9激活[22]。

2.3MMPs促進(jìn)疼痛的中樞機(jī)制

2.3.1MMPs在脊髓背角促進(jìn)疼痛的機(jī)制脊髓背角是疼痛信息整合的關(guān)鍵部位,接收來自感覺神經(jīng)纖維輸入的傷害性信息。免疫組織化學(xué)染色、免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)染色及免疫熒光雙標(biāo)等形態(tài)學(xué)技術(shù)檢測到,MMP-2、-3、-7、-9、-12、-13、-14、15、16、-17和-24表達(dá)在脊髓背角。其中MMP-9[16]表達(dá)在神經(jīng)元、小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞;MMP-17和MMP-24[23]主要表達(dá)在神經(jīng)元和小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞;MMP-24在初級傳入神經(jīng)末梢也有表達(dá);MMP-2、-7、-10、-12、-14、15、-16和-25主要表達(dá)在小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞[24]。在多種疼痛動物模型,分布于脊髓背角的MMP-2、-9和-24表達(dá)上調(diào),下調(diào)這3種MMPs的表達(dá)或抑制其活性具有鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)[15],TIMP1和TIMP2通過抑制MMP-9和MMP-2的活性,從而抑制背角膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活性,疼痛得到緩解。在脊髓背角,MMP-2的表達(dá)受到DNA甲基化調(diào)控[25];背角炎癥因子、氧自由基和1-磷酸鞘氨醇受體2(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2,)基因敲除可促進(jìn)MMP-9表達(dá)上調(diào)[26-28];而大麻素CB2受體激活可以抑制背角MMP-2/9表達(dá),減輕痛敏[29]。

目前研究表明,MMP-2、-9和-24在脊髓背角促進(jìn)神經(jīng)病理性疼痛發(fā)生與維持的機(jī)制有以下幾種:

2.3.1.1提高感覺神經(jīng)元興奮性在大鼠關(guān)節(jié)腔內(nèi)注射膠原酶之后,DRG神經(jīng)元MMP-1表達(dá)增加,經(jīng)過初級傳入終末到達(dá)脊髓背角,促進(jìn)P物質(zhì)釋放,導(dǎo)致背角神經(jīng)元興奮性增強(qiáng),大鼠機(jī)械痛閾降低[12]。在嗎啡依賴小鼠,出現(xiàn)熱痛敏和機(jī)械痛敏癥狀后,鞘內(nèi)給予MMP-9抑制劑可下調(diào)背角神經(jīng)元MMP-9表達(dá)/活性,NR1、ERK、蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C, PKC)、鈣/鈣調(diào)蛋白依賴性蛋白激酶II(calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, CaMKII)和環(huán)磷腺苷效應(yīng)元件結(jié)合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein, CREB)磷酸化程度恢復(fù)正常,痛敏癥狀緩解;但鞘內(nèi)注射外源性MMP-9則痛敏癥狀加重,背角NR1/NR2B以及下游ERK1/2、CaMKII和CREB磷酸化增強(qiáng),提示MMP-9的表達(dá)/活性增強(qiáng)通過作用于神經(jīng)元-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(-methyl-D-aspartic acid, NMDA)受體導(dǎo)致感覺神經(jīng)元興奮性增強(qiáng)。另外,在嗎啡耐受小鼠,脊髓背角的MMP-2和MMP-9可以切割EphB1受體,促進(jìn)其與配體ephrinB2結(jié)合,EphB1受體磷酸化增強(qiáng),招募含SH2結(jié)構(gòu)域的Src并與NMDA受體結(jié)合,NR1和NR2B亞單位磷酸化增強(qiáng),CaMKII、CREB及ERK磷酸化增加,背角神經(jīng)元興奮性增加,實(shí)驗(yàn)動物出現(xiàn)痛覺過敏。

2.3.1.2促進(jìn)背角星型膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活在后肢慢性缺血、脊神經(jīng)結(jié)扎以及糖尿病神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的大鼠/小鼠,均檢測到背角MMP-2和MMP-9表達(dá)上調(diào),星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活,膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞原纖維酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP)和小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物離子鈣結(jié)合銜接分子1 (ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1, Iba-1)表達(dá)上調(diào)。研究表明,在脊髓背角,MMP-2和MMP-9既可以促進(jìn)c-Jun氨基末端激酶1/2、ERK以及Wnt/β-Catenin通路磷酸化導(dǎo)致星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活[30],也可以促進(jìn)p38MAPK磷酸化導(dǎo)致小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活。因此,鞘內(nèi)注射MMP-2抑制劑APR100、-siRNA、MMP-9抑制劑或-siRNA可下調(diào)背角MMP-9表達(dá)/活性,抑制背角膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活和隨后的炎癥因子生成,發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)[16, 30-31]。

2.3.1.3促進(jìn)其他神經(jīng)活性物質(zhì)發(fā)揮作用,促進(jìn)痛覺敏化脊髓背角分布的MMP-2、-3的-9可切割I(lǐng)L-1β前體序列成為具有活性的IL-1β,作用于背角神經(jīng)元,促進(jìn)NMDA受體激活,PKC磷酸化增強(qiáng),導(dǎo)致痛覺敏化[32];MMP-2和MMP-9切割C-X3-C基序趨化因子1(C-X3-C motif chemokine 1,CX3CL1)前體序列,其從膜蛋白轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛坞x蛋白,促進(jìn)CX3CL1與小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞CX3CL1受體的結(jié)合,激活磷脂酶C/PKC/RAS/絲裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶/P38信號促進(jìn)小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞釋放更多的炎癥因子,導(dǎo)致痛覺敏化[33]。因此,抑制脊髓背角MMP-2、-3和-9的活性可以抑制炎癥因子發(fā)揮作用,減輕痛覺敏化。此外,MMP-24既可以促進(jìn)Aβ纖維末梢從背角III-VI層發(fā)芽并侵襲到Ⅱ?qū)?,也可以直接切割肥大?xì)胞中的N-鈣粘蛋白,促進(jìn)肥大細(xì)胞IL-1β和TNF-α釋放,加強(qiáng)痛覺敏化。研究觀察到,在脊神經(jīng)結(jié)扎[34]或自身免疫性腦脊髓炎[35]的疼痛小鼠,在中腦導(dǎo)水管灰質(zhì)(periaqueductal gray, PAG)分布有食欲素受體1陽性的神經(jīng)元,其下行纖維到達(dá)脊髓背角,可以抑制背角MMP-9、iNOS和IL-12的表達(dá),并上調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β和MBP的表達(dá),有助于減輕背角的神經(jīng)炎癥,恢復(fù)神經(jīng)元胞外微環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài),起到鎮(zhèn)痛作用。

2.3.2MMPs在脊髓上水平促進(jìn)疼痛的機(jī)制脊髓水平以上包括腦干、間腦和大腦皮層,參與處理來自脊髓上行的疼痛信息并進(jìn)行整合,產(chǎn)生痛覺感受。免疫組織化學(xué)染色、免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)染色及免疫熒光雙標(biāo)等形態(tài)學(xué)技術(shù)觀察到,MMP-2、-3、-8和9表達(dá)于多個(gè)腦區(qū),可能參與了神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的發(fā)生與維持。其中,MMP-2和MMP-9表達(dá)于大腦皮層、杏仁核和海馬等部位[36]。在顳下頜注射弗氏完全佐劑誘導(dǎo)的面部疼痛大鼠,杏仁核、海馬、下丘腦和中腦導(dǎo)水管周圍灰質(zhì)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞分布的MMP-2和MMP-9表達(dá)上調(diào),有可能與星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化有關(guān)[36]。MMP-9敲除或鞘內(nèi)注射MMP-9抑制劑或側(cè)腦室注射GM6001可降低嗎啡耐受疼痛小鼠中腦分布的MMP-9活性及表達(dá),增強(qiáng)嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng),延長嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛維持時(shí)間[37]。此外,MMP-3表達(dá)于大腦皮層和海馬[38-39]。在前扣帶皮層分布的MMP-3可以切割NMDA受體,增強(qiáng)谷氨酸受體突觸傳遞效能,促進(jìn)外周神經(jīng)損傷后的痛覺敏化[40];MMP-8則主要表達(dá)于海馬[41]。小鼠脛骨骨折后,伴隨著痛覺過敏癥狀,海馬MMP-8表達(dá)上調(diào),促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)成分降解,糖胺聚糖、蛋白聚糖、透明質(zhì)酸合成酶(hyaluronan synthase, HAS)2、HAS3、HAPLN1及TIMP2表達(dá)下調(diào),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)剛度下降,海馬神經(jīng)元樹突復(fù)雜性降低;但基因敲減可通過穩(wěn)定海馬神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)成分,維持海馬神經(jīng)元的正常形態(tài)和功能從而發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)[41]。

3 基于MMPs靶點(diǎn)的鎮(zhèn)痛藥物研究現(xiàn)狀

綜合以往研究,在外周神經(jīng)損傷后,MMP-2和MMP-9在DRG、脊髓背角和PAG參與痛覺敏化;而MMP-3在DRG和海馬參與痛覺敏化。這種單一MMP在多位點(diǎn)參與神經(jīng)痛形成與維持的現(xiàn)象使得研發(fā)針對該種MMP的鎮(zhèn)痛藥物具有潛在的可能性。目前已開發(fā)出三類合成MMPs抑制劑:經(jīng)典Zn2+結(jié)合類、新型Zn2+結(jié)合類和非Zn2+結(jié)合類。巴馬司他是一類含有鋅螯合基團(tuán)的MMPs抑制劑,可抑制關(guān)節(jié)痛大鼠軟骨蛋白降解與炎癥反應(yīng),緩解后爪腫脹與疼痛反應(yīng)。腹腔注射廣譜MMPs抑制劑GM6001(廣譜MMP抑制劑)可抑制背角神經(jīng)元和膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞分布的MMP-2、9、17和24表達(dá),抑制DRG神經(jīng)元MBP降解和脊髓P物質(zhì)釋放,阻止巨噬細(xì)胞通過血-脊髓屏障浸潤脊髓并抑制膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化,緩解坐骨神經(jīng)結(jié)扎大/小鼠神經(jīng)病理性疼痛[23]。此外,MMPs中和抗體同樣抑制MMPs表達(dá),腹腔注射MMP-9中和抗體抑制坐骨神經(jīng)擠壓小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞向神經(jīng)受損部位募集和遷移。盡管已發(fā)現(xiàn)或合成了部分MMPs抑制劑作為臨床候選藥物,但存在特異性不高、副作用較大且生物利用度低的缺點(diǎn)。

在藥物研發(fā)的過程中,無論是研發(fā)MMPs抑制劑或者是相關(guān)的中和抗體,都需要極高的生物制藥制造工藝,從而限制其走向臨床。我國對中草藥的開發(fā)與使用已有上千年時(shí)間,近年對天然產(chǎn)物的提取和優(yōu)化工藝水平顯著提升,多種植物來源的MMPs抑制劑成為研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。在外周神經(jīng)損傷后,脊髓背角分布的MMP-9迅速上升可能與早期神經(jīng)痛的發(fā)生有關(guān),稍遲的MMP-2表達(dá)上升可能與神經(jīng)痛的長期維持有關(guān)[21],研發(fā)同時(shí)具有MMP-2和MMP-9活性抑制效應(yīng)的藥物或許有望獲得更好的鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)。如異葒草苷灌胃、腹腔注射川芎嗪/芍藥苷甚至電針“足三里”穴位均可減輕外周神經(jīng)損傷導(dǎo)致的疼痛,其脊髓背角MMP2/9的表達(dá)下降,炎癥因子生成減少,從而發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)[32, 42-43]。表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯(C22H18O10)作為天然MMPs抑制劑可降低椎間盤細(xì)胞MMP-1、-3和-13表達(dá),減輕神經(jīng)炎癥和氧化應(yīng)激,緩解髓核誘導(dǎo)的大鼠神經(jīng)根性疼痛[44]。

4 展望

綜上所述,表達(dá)于DRG、脊髓背角和多個(gè)腦區(qū)的MMPs參與了神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的發(fā)生與維持,其機(jī)制主要包括MMPs促進(jìn)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活導(dǎo)致氧化應(yīng)激與炎癥因子生成,并促進(jìn)感覺神經(jīng)元興奮性增強(qiáng)等。在以往的動物實(shí)驗(yàn)中,口服或者鞘內(nèi)給予某些MMPs抑制劑能夠有效減弱實(shí)驗(yàn)動物的神經(jīng)病理性疼痛癥狀。深入探討MMPs參與神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的機(jī)制有助于加速新藥研發(fā),解決神經(jīng)病理性疼痛的治療難題。

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Progress in role of matrix metalloproteinases in neuropathic pain

XIE Ye, WAN Qi, MU Jingran, LUO Yan, ZENG Junwei

(,,563000,)

Matrix metalloproteinases are known to promote glial cell activation, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production and sensory neuronal hypoexcitability via cleaving substrate proteins such as myelin basic protein, collagen, tumor necrosis factor-α precursor and interleukin-1β. Interaction of matrix metalloproteinases participates in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain at the level of the dorsal root ganglion neurons, spinal dorsal horn and brain. Therefore, matrix metalloproteinases may be promising targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain. This paper reviews progress made in elucidating the functions and mechanisms of MMPs in neuropathic pain, which may provide useful references for the development of targeted drug therapies in the future.

matrix metalloproteinases; neuropathic pain; spinal cord; dorsal root ganglion; inflammation

R338.2; R363.2

A

10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2023.02.022

1000-4718(2023)02-0379-06

2022-07-28

2022-11-14

[基金項(xiàng)目]國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 31860291);貴州省教育廳創(chuàng)新群體重大研究項(xiàng)目(黔教合KY字[2018]025號)

Tel: 0851-28642721; E-mail: junweizeng@sohu.com

(責(zé)任編輯:李淑媛,羅森)

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