A Review on the Arctic Strategies of the Nordic Countries (5)

Yue Peng

【Abstract】Due to their geographical and cultural proximity,the five Nordic countries have developed a high level of consensus in many areas of their Arctic strategies.As key players in Arctic affairs,their interests in the Arctic are primarily concerned with maintaining national and regional security,ensuring a leading position in “Arctic knowledge,” tapping the Arctic’s economic potential,and highlighting the role of the Nordic countries in Arctic governance.The core elements of their Arctic strategy include establishing a strong and effective Arctic Council,ensuring security and stability in the Arctic,protecting the Arctic ecosystem and sustainable development,stepping up the research in sciences and human sciences on the Arctic,and enhancing cooperation with international actors on Arctic issues.The Arctic strategies of the Nordic countries have been influential in promoting the internationalization of Arctic affairs,shaping the Arctic order,achieving the sustainable economic development of the Arctic,and raising the living standards of the region.However,the countries still face four challenges:their national strength does not guarantee a leading role in shaping the Arctic order,the lack of a unified Arctic strategy,the contradiction with the development concepts of Russia and some extraterritorial countries,and the impact of the new crown epidemic on Arctic development.However,it still faces four challenges,including the difficulty of national power to lead the construction of the Arctic order,they do not have a unified and coordinated Arctic strategy,they have disagreements with Russia and other countries regarding the philosophy of Arctic development,and they must face the challenge of COVID-19.

【Key Words】Nordic Countries,Arctic strategy,extraterritorial international actors,Arctic development

【Author】Yue Peng,Associate Professor,Research Center of the Economic and Politics of Transitional Countries,School of International Economics and International Relations,Liaoning University,whose research focuses on Nordic Arctic studies and Northeast Asian security.

Research Hotspots,Frontiers and Prospects of Regional Economic Integration in the Context of China’s System——A Visual Analysis Based on Knowledge Graph (23)

Xu Guangwei Geng Jin

【Abstract】Regional integration is an important factor affecting the coordinated development of regions.Reviewing the research trend of regional economic integration is of great significance to the high-quality development of China’s economy.Based on the CSSCI literature of regional integration from 2000 to 2021 collected by the CNKI database,a visual analysis based on knowledge graph shows that:1.the knowledge structure of regional economic integration includes four parts:influencing factors,measuring the degree of economic integration,economic consequences and coping strategies;2.the study of economic consequences and policy recommendations are the frontier issues;3.in general,there is still room for regional economic integration research in terms of research level,theoretical perspective and research design.

【Key Words】regional economic integration,market segmentation,bibliometric analysis,knowledge graph

【Authors】Xu Guangwei,Associate Professor of the Business School of Changzhou University,whose research focuses on corporate finance and corporate governance;Geng Jin,graduate student of the Business School of Changzhou University,whose research focuses on corporate finance and corporate governance.

Reflections on the Path of Data Localization Measures——Perspectives of APEC,RCEP and USMCA Rules (46)

Yao Qi Alizhati Abulaiti

【Abstract】Cooperation on data communication is an inevitable trend of globalization.The vast majority of countries in the Asia-Pacific region,as core drivers of the global economy,are members of both the WTO and APEC,and may also be members of key regional economic cooperation mechanisms such as RCEP,the ASEAN Plus China,Japan,ROK Mechanism,the USMCA,etc.Therefore,their digital development measures and coordination will not only reflect the diverse demands of the countries in the region,but also represent the practice and exploration of regional cooperation.To promote trade exchanges and economic cooperation,these countries need to actively address key issues such as the digital economy and localization measures to maintain trade and investment,prevent unfair competition,and allow for responses to security risks and vital interests.They should also draft an exemptions list,determine the scope of critical infrastructure,classify data levels,and gradually scale down localization measures in mature industries.A negative list should be adopted for emerging industries,while FDI or dataflow crossing border should be allowed with prudence.Feasible ways of extraterritorial regulation for data in financial and other industries where circulation and security are important should be explored,and comprehensive and prudent regulation should be enforced by providing timely and effective access to extraterritorial data.

【Key Words】data-economy,localization measures,international rules

【Authors】Yao Qi,Lecturer at the School of Law,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose research focuses on international economical law;Alizhati Abulaiti,Graduate Student at the School of Law,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose research focuses on international economical law and data law.

An Analysis of Trudeau Administration’s Participation in Global Public Health Governance (64)

Tang Xiaosong Gao Ziyan

【Abstract】Global public health governance is an important part of Canada’s participation in global governance.The Trudeau administration’s approach to global health governance is characterized by its emphasis on women’s and children’s rights,multilateralism,and non-governmental organizations.These characteristics reflect not only Trudeau’s personal philosophy and domestic health policy needs,but also Canada’s participation in international multilateral governance,national values and sustainable development,and international health security.However,Canada’s participation in global public health governance still faces many challenges.Politically,deficiencies in multilateral mechanisms and the lack of a systematic global public health strategy reduce the effectiveness of its participation in global public health governance.Economically,Canada’s global health assistance is hampered not only by the uneven economic development of countries around the world but also by its domestic economic conditions.Culturally,differences in cultural perceptions within the international community and within Canada not only hinder the international health development process but also can even give rise to tendencies such as racism,which will have a negative impact on Canada’s participation in global public health governance.

【Key Words】Canada,Trudeau Administration,global public health governance,women and children,health rights,multilateral organizations

【Authors】Tang Xiaosong,Director,Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of the Center for Canadian Studies,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,whose research focuses on China-US relations and Canadian Studies;Gao Ziyan,Graduate Student of the Center for Canadian Studies,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,whose research focuses on Canadian Studies.

Cultural Heritage Diplomacy from the Perspective of International Aid:Representation,Essence and Inspiration(82)

Xu Ying

【Abstract】Cultural heritage diplomacy (CHD) is a new academic concept created by Western scholars in recent years to describe the diplomatic behavior of international exchange and cooperation as well as cooperative governance around cultural heritage protection.Academically,it is an interdisciplinary study between heritage anthropology and diplomacy.At the practical level,CHD and international aid,which consists of humanitarian and development aids,have begun to interact closely as cultural mainstreaming has become prominent in the international development agenda.To be specific,the practice of multilateral CHD shows that multiple actors rely on the collaboration of intergovernmental organizations to promote international aid and achieve transnational governance in cultural heritage conservation,humanitarian relief,social development,and post-disaster reconstruction.Bilateral CHD is fully integrated into the official development assistance of major European countries and the US due to their financial and technological strengths.While CHD is largely appreciated for its international aid nature of helping people in distress and development,its positive image also underlies sophisticated diplomatic considerations of sovereign states.It is a feasible approach for China,which has only just started CHD,to explore the potential of multilateral CHD without a tainted history of colonizing others,promote the “Belt &Road Initiative” with bilateral CHD,and initiate the overall strategic design and related interdisciplinary studies on CHD.

【Key Words】cultural heritage diplomacy,cultural mainstreaming,international aid,humanitarian aid,development aid

【Author】Xu Ying,Associate Professor,Deputy Dean of the Department of Diplomacy,the School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,whose research focuses on China’s diplomacy,international organizations,and international development.

Germany’s Energy Transition Since the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Analysis of China’s Response (98)

Wang Xuedong Yao Rui

【Abstract】The pace of Germany’s energy transition has become apparent since the Fukushima nuclear accident.The underlying logic that underpins this policy change has been debated.The paper discusses the real motives of Germany’s energy transition and analyzes the trend of the transition through a micro-analysis of the changes before and after the Fukushima nuclear accident from three perspectives:political party games,energy market,and energy structure.Germany’s energy transition policy is unique in that it is the result of party games and compromise of interests under the fragmented party politics since the reunification of Germany.In the meantime,the German-EU cooperative energy market has “hedged” the energy loss of “denuclearization”,which is in line with Germany’s energy transition policy.The development of renewable energy sources,denuclearization programs and energy efficiency improvements are the main trends in Germany’s energy sector.The impact of the nuclear accident on Germany’s energy policy is limited and will not change the trend of its energy development.Amid the change of Germany’s ruling party,China should adopt a more proactive approach with Germany and take advantage of the common concerns of both countries in non-traditional security to stabilize and improve China-Germany relations.

【Key Words】Germany’s energy transition,party games,energy market,energy structure

【Authors】Wang Xuedong,Associate Professor at the School of International Relations,Sun Yat-sen University,whose research focuses on international relations theory,environmental politics,global governance and climate change issues;Yao Rui,PhD candidate at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences,University of Hamburg,whose research focuses on China-Germany relations and environmental politics.

Research the Residential Segregation of Indigenous People in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City (119)

Tao Yuan

【Abstract】Using the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City (ZMCM) as a case study,this paper measures and evaluates the degree of residential segregation of the indigenous people by employing the system of residential segregation index,ArcGIS spatial analysis and mathematic statistic method.The study shows:Firstly,there is a low to medium degree of residential segregation among the indigenous people in the ZMCM and there is a gradual increase from 2000 to 2010.Secondly,residential segregation exists in all three categories of low-medium-high income indigenous groups,and the highest degree of non-spatial residential segregation is found in the high-income group and the highest degree of spatial aggregation in the low-income group.Thirdly,the degree of residential segregation,spatial clustering and data stability of linguistically defined indigenous groups are higher than those which are defined by the sense of belonging.The residential segregation patterns of indigenous people revealed in this paper will shed light on the promotion of ethnic diversity in Mexico and the development and implementation of policy programs to reduce the gap between rich and poor for disadvantaged groups such as the indigenous people.

【Key Words】Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City (ZMCM),indigenous people,residential segregation,Moran’s I

【Author】Tao Yuan,PhD candidate of the International Business School,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose research focuses on urban economics.

“Index the World for the Future”——Summary of the 2022 Global Index Symposium (146)

Li Ziying

【Abstract】The “Meta Index”,the world’s first index of indices,the Declaration on the Ethics of Indices and Indexpedia,the world’s first encyclopedia of indices,were released at the 2022 Global Index Symposium.The Meta Index provides an evaluation system for indexes;the Declaration on the Ethics of Indices provides an ethical framework for indexes;and Indexpedia may integrate all indexes.All of the above,which were released for the first time in the world,have created a new ethical and evaluation paradigm for global index research and shed light on the future development,and therefore marks a milestone academic event in the field.

【Key Words】Meta Index,the Ethics of Indices,Indexpedia,cognitive tools,global governance

【Author】Li Ziying,Professor,Associate Dean of the Academy of Regional and Global Governance,Beijing Foreign Studies University.