No.23oftheNeueRheinischeZeitungEditedbyMarx

Translator & Editor: Chen Li-dan

In China, journalism and communication courses inevitably talk about theNeueRheinischeZeitung, the newspaper edited by Marx during the European revolution of 1848-1849, as it is the organ of the world’s first communist party, the Communist League, and the source of the Marxist outlook of journalism. But the lecturers, until 2020, knew only some of the articles by Marx or Engels that were published in the newspapers, none of them knew whatNeueRheinischeZeitunglooked like, whether the newspaper had advertisements, whether it had a literary supplement, how many pages an issue had, and so on. This is because no issue ofNeueRheinischeZeitunghad been translated into Chinese.

Since October 2020, the Chinese version of 11 issues of the newspaper has been published one after another in China’s academic journals. Two-thirds issues of the newspaperNeueRheinischeZeitungare published 2-4 times a day to meet the demand of readers for news. Considering the length, this journal publishes the 23rd issue, only because this issue has only 4 pages in the regular issue and no supplements. Each issue of the newspaper clearly reveals Marx’s genius for running newspaper. We have arranged them exactly in the original style, restore the language of the newspaper pages as much as possible. The newspaper was faced with political persecution from the Prussian crown, as well as the plight of bourgeois shareholders withdrawing their shares in droves, but under Marx’s leadership, in less than a year, the paper soared from an initial circulation of a few hundred to 6,000, which became the fourth largest newspaper in Germany and the second largest newspaper in Prussia.

The subscription notice ofNeueRheinischeZeitungwritten by Marx himself was consistently placed on the front page of issues 1-87. The front-page headline of the 23rd issue is an abbreviated version of the notice (the first 14 issues are in full), demonstrating Marx’s strong sense of newspaper management.

At that time, there was no distinction between news, newsletters and reviews in newspapers, and the only difference was the “place + date” at the beginning of the first paragraph. All newspapers were anonymous (the symbol before the place was one of the bases for verifying the author). The same is true for the world’s only major newspaper,TheTimes. TheNeueRheinischeZeitung, however, provides an “overview” of main news.

With Marx’s determination, all the contents of the newspaper reflected a special proletarian character. The 23rd issue concentrated on the news of the fall of the Prussian bourgeois-liberal cabinet in less than three months. As a guide to public opinion on this momentous event, new written by Marx was arranged in the first article. His first and last lines are the poem of the Austrian playwright, “No matter how bright the sun is, it always sets,” an artful satire of the cabinet's betrayal of the revolution. The second article is a news item written by Engels, revealing that the Frankfurt National Assembly passed a resolution to support the Origen government in suppressing the Italian revolution. The six news items in the Italy column of this number, all written by Engels (this group of reports is translated into Chinese for the first time), describe the reality of the war of Italian unification from the perspective of a military expert.

On June 23, the world-shaking June uprising of the working class broke out in Paris.NeueRheinischeZeitungand other German newspapers were not informed due to the timeliness of news transmission at the time, but the French column of the newspaper reported the conflict between the French bourgeoisie and the working class, triggered by the state workshops, foreshadowing the outbreak of the conflict. The British news, on the other hand, unfolded with the struggle between the workers’ chartists and those in power.

This issue’s vignette column published the essayTheBourgeoisieby Ferdinand Wolff, editor ofNeueRheinischeZeitung, which vividly illustrates, in a story-telling manner, what Marx argued in 1844: “The emancipation of the Jews, in its ultimate sense, is the emancipation of mankind from the Jewish spirit.” (MarxEngelsCollectedWorks, 2nd Edition, Vol. 3, p. 192)

The issue’s the third column on fourth page under the double line and the bottom half of that page are advertisements. The paper on advertising inNeueRheinischeZeitung, published simultaneously in this journal, has four examples of analysis from this issue, highlighting the awareness of newspaper advertising services.

From this issue ofNeueRheinischeZeitung, one can glimpse the extremely subtle social events and the colorful collision of ideas in Germany, France, England, and Italy at that time, as if one could touch the thoughts of Marx. No history book nowadays can show such a sense of historical scene, and this is the unique charm of newspapers.

TheUnitedNations"Twin-trackApproach"Platform:TheNewPathoftheStandardizationProcessofGlobalCyberspaceGovernance

TANG Run-hua & LI Zhi

At this stage when the global cyberspace security mechanism has not yet been formed, the rules and systems have not yet been established, and the governance system has not yet been standardized, cyber hegemony, cybercrime, data leakage and other issues have flooded the entire world, the governance of global cyberspace has naturally become the main actor of various countries and the guidelines for dialogue, discussion and action. As a new path for the normative process of global cyberspace governance, the "twin-track approach" platform under the United Nations framework has played a constructive role in non-state actors, effectively and extensively absorbing the influence of cyber developing countries and multi-stakeholders on global cyberspace. The proposed rules have strengthened the trust among member states and coordinated cooperation to respond to threats derived from cyberspace. China's participation in the future demonstrates the realistic basis for building a community of common destiny in global cyberspace. It is a new research and judgment on the new world situation and a true portrayal of the principle of "seeking common ground while reserving differences, sharing weal and woe, and equal respect" in the normative process of global cyberspace governance. It is an objective testimony to the responsibility of the international community.

PerspectiveontheSocialImpactandGovernancePathofPlatformbasedonTESFramework

FANG Xing-dong & ZHONG Xiang-ming

Internet platform has not only become an important part of people’s daily life, but also began to become a new challenge and core issue of social governance, national governance and even international governance. Social influence and the power and interests behind the influence are the main line and core logic for understanding the platform and platform governance. In order to rationally and deeply understand the social impact of the Internet platform and select and calibrate the best platform governance path, we must first go out of the technology-oriented instrumental rationality and move towards value rationality and communication theory. It is very important to establish a new and forward-looking understanding framework. The comprehensive perspective of platform as an infrastructure provides this new possibility. Based on the path of historical research and comparative research, through the analysis of the three stages of intermediary, platform and gatekeeper’s platform, this paper establishes the triple attributes of technology, economy and society (TES) to understand and have insight into the essence of today’s super platforms. As the essential attribute of the key infrastructure in the digital age, the super platforms make the three global core regions of different systems and strategies in China, the United States and Europe form three governance paths of data competition security. Taking the quantity and scale as the basic indicators, it divides into three levels: primary platform, general platform and super platform ("gatekeeper"), highlights the characteristics of different dimensions, and summarizes the overall development process and trend of Internet platform after the birth of the Internet, which has experienced the synergy and superposition of three forces, science driven, capital driven, and system driven.

TheSpreadofChineseFilmsinSoutheastAsia:theHistoricalExperiencesof"Dianmao"Films

ZHANG Jing-wu & ZHAO Ting-ting

In the 1950s and 1960s, Hong Kong films were popular in Southeast Asia, and "Dianmao" films were an important promoter and core representative. "Dianmao" film industry is based on extensive and in-depth cross-border distribution and cinema channels. Through the text strategy that can make Southeast Asian audiences have empathy and resonance, and through the pragmatic and targeted media communication strategy, it has created a prosperous landscape for Chinese films to go abroad. For the spread of Chinese films in Southeast Asia in the 21st century, these historical experiences of "Dianmao" films are of great enlightening significance. The laws and wisdom of film cross-cultural communication, such as expanding cultural compatibility, unblocking communication channels and optimizing communication environment, are still applicable to today. Under the new opportunity of one belt one road initiative, it is necessary and important to summarize these historical experiences in time.

InteractiveSharingofResourcesofMediaPersonnelCollaborativelyTrainedbyGovernments,Enterprises,Schools,ResearchInstitutions:BlockandDredge

LI Wen-bing

The demands for national construction and development and the changes in the media industry have made higher requirements to the training of media personnel. The development of media personnel's core competences including abilities of self-development, knowledge integration and innovation, career adaptability and competency demands the interactive sharing of education elements and resources among governments, enterprises, schools and research institutions. In the collaborative training of media personnel, the resources interactive sharing channel can be obstructed and lack of force, due to the divergences of the goals of collaborative training, the shortcomings of policies and institutions and the lack of resource supports. To train high-quality media personnel who can shoulder the great responsibility of national rejuvenation, the construction of goals and vision, organizations and effective platforms,the optimizing of education system, and the forming of a new pattern of development of collaborative training by governments, enterprises, schools and research institutions must be constructed.