范雅琳
“秋風(fēng)起,吃螃蟹”,秋天不僅是吃貨們蟹宴的狂歡,更是煙臺(tái)人家家戶戶吃肥蟹的季節(jié)。金秋的煙臺(tái),天高云淡,海藍(lán)藍(lán);山熟果紅,樹(shù)甸甸;蟹肥蝦鮮,魚(yú)上岸。在九月開(kāi)海之后,黃渤海里的各種海鮮活蹦亂跳齊齊上船。不同的“鮮”、目不暇接的“鮮”、無(wú)與倫比的“鮮”,強(qiáng)烈地刺激著鼻粘膜,喚醒著因封海而沉睡了幾個(gè)月的味蕾兒,撩撥起對(duì)海鮮空前的熱愛(ài),尤其那個(gè)披堅(jiān)執(zhí)銳、橫行無(wú)阻卻一身凝脂玉柱、肥美無(wú)比的“大螃蟹”最是惹人口水涎涎。
無(wú)論是河蟹、湖蟹和海蟹,自古以來(lái)螃蟹都被譽(yù)為百鮮之尊。嗜蟹的文人把秋天稱作“蟹秋”,其意為若秋日里沒(méi)吃上螃蟹,就等于錯(cuò)過(guò)了整個(gè)秋天。極具個(gè)性的螃蟹那旁若無(wú)人、桀驁不馴、雖橫行卻勇往的樣子多像著名的西班牙作家塞萬(wàn)提斯筆下的那個(gè)一身鎧甲、毫不怯懦、永不退縮的唐吉訶德呀,既莽撞又滑稽可愛(ài)?!拌F甲將軍”“無(wú)腸公子”“橫行勇士”“含黃伯”等詼諧有趣的名字,多如它身上那些個(gè)張牙舞爪的腿。在大畫(huà)家齊白石的《螃蟹圖》里它又盡顯其樸拙可愛(ài)之憨態(tài)?!耙皇謭?zhí)蟹螯,一手持酒杯,拍浮酒池中,便足了一生矣。”古人之語(yǔ)又讓尋常的吃蟹有了幾分豪情和感慨。魯迅先生贊美“第一個(gè)吃螃蟹的人是勇士”,也有人將其“橫行霸道”的模樣比作是貪官污吏。無(wú)論是“贊美”或是“痛恨”都掩蓋不了世人對(duì)它的癡愛(ài)。
盛產(chǎn)海蟹的煙臺(tái),尤以“赤甲紅”和“梭蟹”為盛。“赤甲紅”頭胸甲呈橫卵圓形,甲殼堅(jiān)硬,螯足粗壯,性兇好斗,喜棲于低潮線巖礁區(qū)和海藻密集區(qū),煙臺(tái)的芝罘島、養(yǎng)馬島和長(zhǎng)島多見(jiàn)其蹤影,也最受市民的喜愛(ài)。背甲隆起三個(gè)疣瘤,型為梭形,學(xué)名為“三疣梭子蟹”俗稱“梭蟹”的螃蟹,棲于近岸的軟泥、砂泥底石下或水草中。因萊州灣的梭蟹最為著名,又被常稱作“萊州梭蟹”。萊州灣灘緩波穩(wěn),恰好適合蟹子的潛沙習(xí)性且為境內(nèi)的膠萊河、沙河等十幾條河流的入???,蜉蝣生物繁衍旺盛,給梭蟹準(zhǔn)備了充足的餌料。得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)越條件,使得萊州梭蟹個(gè)大肥碩,肉質(zhì)鮮嫩,產(chǎn)量極高,聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。
煙臺(tái)俗有“八月蟹子頂蓋肥”之說(shuō),此時(shí)的雌蟹,臍為圓形,卵滿膏黃,最為鮮美。陰歷八月,正值中秋,菊黃蟹肥月圓,別有一番“蟹螯即金液,乘月醉高臺(tái)”的情趣?!俺嗉准t”,因其腹部和腿緣略呈紅色,稱之為赤甲紅或石甲紅。蒸熟之后,其光滑的甲殼由里到外泛著鮮亮的紅色,紫紅色的大鉗夾粗壯飽滿。蟹香四溢,從廚房一路飄到餐桌前。一桌子的美味佳肴里,只要瞄一眼冒著熱氣、曲腿而臥的熟紅蟹,冒著饞光兒的眼神兒就再也不愿離開(kāi)。
煙臺(tái)人吃螃蟹最喜歡蒸著吃。蒸好的大螃蟹一人一只,才過(guò)癮。蟹子一定要吃鮮活的,螃蟹一死,體內(nèi)的組氧酸分解產(chǎn)生毒性極大的組胺,會(huì)致人中毒或死亡。將鮮活的螃蟹小心翼翼地洗凈,肚皮朝上放進(jìn)開(kāi)水鍋的籠屜上,大火蒸5分鐘轉(zhuǎn)中火蒸20分鐘左右。因?yàn)樾泛纳x(chóng),時(shí)間短不殺菌,而且蟹膏也不凝固。時(shí)間久蟹肉干老,鮮味又盡失。故蒸蟹子的火候、時(shí)間都很重要。蟹味兒美卻性寒,一碗姜汁醋必不可少,既解腥增鮮又祛寒。男人們特別是漁民在吃赤甲紅時(shí),一般要喝點(diǎn)煙臺(tái)老白干,以防臍冷胃涼。白酒醇香性暖、有活血驅(qū)寒之效,配以寒蟹,那才叫絕配。將手洗干凈,先用力揭開(kāi)蟹身上的蓋子,用筷子或勺子將滿蓋子艷如石榴、膏膩堆積、甘腴凝固的蟹黃挑出,蘸上姜汁醋,抿一小口在嘴里,慢慢地嚼之,讓其融化。于是,滿口的奇香就在舌尖縈繞。再掰開(kāi)蟹身一分為二,除去蟹身上的胃囊,潔白細(xì)嫩如凝脂般的蟹肉極鮮極香,聞之,人似浮在云霧里,不知身在何方。耐心的會(huì)用筷子、鑷子或用蟹腿尾上銳而硬的尖刺兒慢慢地按蟹肉的紋理仔細(xì)地將被柔韌的白膜包裹著的蟹肉剔出,最后殼里剩下一個(gè)個(gè)干凈的小白房子。心急的就會(huì)連腿帶肉一起撕下來(lái)嚼著吃,最后皮肉一起吐出來(lái),好浪費(fèi)。蟹夾子上的“大腿肉”,肉絲短有嚼頭,蟹腳上的“小腿肉”,絲長(zhǎng)細(xì)嫩,入口即化。吃螃蟹的方法千人千樣,無(wú)可否認(rèn)的是,這的確是一項(xiàng)“大工程”,需要足夠的時(shí)間、耐心和細(xì)心,才能盡享這上天賜予的色香味三極的珍饈。
煙臺(tái)人在宴請(qǐng)客人時(shí),螃蟹一定是按人數(shù)上的,不多不少,一人一只。總會(huì)看到這樣奇特的情景:螃蟹一上桌,主人會(huì)立刻站起身來(lái)。只見(jiàn)他俯身抬臂伸向裝滿螃蟹的盤(pán)中,小心地拎起一只蟹子,看一眼肚臍,要么放下要么放在手心掂一掂,如此反復(fù)幾只后突然停下,嘴角上揚(yáng),微微一笑,嘴里念念有詞“這個(gè)好,籽多”,一邊把這只他認(rèn)為是最好的螃蟹恭敬地送到主客的盤(pán)中。然后繼續(xù)上述動(dòng)作,直到一只只被掂一番的螃蟹依次放進(jìn)客人們的餐盤(pán)里,才會(huì)心滿意足地坐下,像是完成了一項(xiàng)極其光榮的使命,認(rèn)真又虔誠(chéng)。每每這時(shí),人們就會(huì)自覺(jué)地安靜下來(lái),本地人會(huì)用信任的眼光一直隨著掂螃蟹的那只手上下移動(dòng),歡歡喜喜地看著那只被檢閱合格的螃蟹來(lái)到自己的眼前。外地的客人則會(huì)一臉的驚奇,丈二和尚,摸不著頭腦。這時(shí),主人拿起螃蟹的肚皮給客人看:“圓臍、母蟹、卵滿膏肥,自然分量重,味道最為鮮?!笨腿寺?tīng)罷,哈哈大笑,把酒言歡,好不暢快!
秋深,菊黃,蟹肥,此刻煙臺(tái)最鮮美!
When Yantai locals invited guests to dinner, crabs are always served in accordance with the number of diners. A crab per capita, no more, no less. You can always see a strange scene. The host will stand up as soon as crabs are served. He bends over, reaches his arm to the plate full of crabs, carefully picks one and looks at its belly. He either puts it down or weighs it in his hand and suddenly stops after several trials. With the corners of his mouth being lifted, he smiles and says to himself as he respectfully places the best crab in his eyes in the plate of the guest of honor: “This one is good. It is full of roes.”Then he will repeat these actions until all crabs are placed in the plates of the guests. Then he will be seated with contention as if he has completed a very glorious mission with earnestness and piety. At this time, people will become quiet consciously. Locals will fix their eyes with trust on the hand moving up and down to pick crabs all along and watch with joy a crab that is tested as qualified come before themselves. Guests from other places will be surprised and lost.