宋爭艷
【摘要】目的:討論預(yù)見性護(hù)理應(yīng)用于胃腸癌患者對其圍手術(shù)期深靜脈血栓形成的預(yù)防作用。方法:抽選于本院行手術(shù)治療胃腸癌患者77例,參照組33例、試驗(yàn)組34例。手術(shù)期間,參照組配合常規(guī)圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理,試驗(yàn)組配合圍手術(shù)期預(yù)見性護(hù)理。結(jié)果:試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后胸管留置時(shí)間、臥床時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間,血Fbg,Caprini評分、下肢DVT發(fā)生率,護(hù)理后患者下肢DVT低危、中危占比均低于參照組,且血液PT、aPTT、TT,護(hù)理滿意度均高于參照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:預(yù)見性護(hù)理在胃腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用,可經(jīng)明確患者下肢DVT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)個(gè)體差異性后配合可行護(hù)理措施,改善其術(shù)后凝血功能水平,控制下肢DVT臨床發(fā)生率,促進(jìn)患者康復(fù),效果顯著。
【關(guān)鍵詞】預(yù)見性護(hù)理;胃腸癌;圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理
Prophylactic effect of predictive nursing on perioperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer
SONG Zhengyan
Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to Nanhua University, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
【Abstract】Objective: To discuss the preventive effect of predictive nursing on perioperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.Methods: A total of 77 patients with gastrointestinal cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital were selected, including 33 cases in the reference group and 34 cases in the experimental group. During the operation, the control group received routine perioperative nursing, and the experimental group received perioperative predictive nursing.Results: Postoperative chest tube indwelling time, bed rest time, hospitalization time, blood Fbg, Caprini score, incidence of lower extremity DVT in the experimental group, the proportion of low-risk and intermediate-risk patients with lower extremity DVT after nursing were all lower than those in the reference group, and blood PT, aPTT, TT, nursing satisfaction were higher than the reference group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of predictive nursing in the perioperative nursing of patients with gastrointestinal cancer can be combined with feasible nursing measures after identifying the individual differences of patients with lower extremity DVT risk, improve the postoperative blood coagulation function level, control the clinical incidence of lower extremity DVT, and promote The patient recovered with remarkable results.
【Key Words】Predictive nursing; Gastrointestinal cancer; Perioperative nursing
手術(shù)治療是胃腸癌患者臨床廣泛應(yīng)用的主要治療方案之一,可在對癥實(shí)施外科手術(shù)切除病灶及部分周邊組織后,實(shí)現(xiàn)對其病情的有效根治、緩解,以胃癌患者、結(jié)直腸癌患者外科治療應(yīng)用率較高,可有效延長患者預(yù)后生存期,提升五年生存率。常規(guī)護(hù)理實(shí)施中,護(hù)理措施雖可在患者疑似下肢DVT癥狀后經(jīng)實(shí)施護(hù)理控制病癥進(jìn)展,改善預(yù)后,但缺乏對此類并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的根源性控制,應(yīng)從預(yù)見性方面著手,提升下肢DVT整體預(yù)防效果。因此,為探討預(yù)見性護(hù)理應(yīng)用于胃腸癌患者對其圍手術(shù)期深靜脈血栓形成的預(yù)防作用,特設(shè)研究,研究結(jié)果如下。
1.1 一般資料
抽選于本院行手術(shù)治療胃腸癌患者77例行對比性護(hù)理研究,手術(shù)時(shí)間2019年12月—2021年11月,取區(qū)組隨機(jī)化分組法設(shè)置組別,參照組33例、試驗(yàn)組34例。參照組,男18例,女15例,年齡37~68歲,平均年齡(52.54±5.28)歲,確診胃癌17例、結(jié)直腸癌16例,行根治手術(shù)22例、姑息性手術(shù)11例;試驗(yàn)組,男18例,女16例,年齡35~68歲,平均年齡(51.75±5.28)歲,確診胃癌18例、結(jié)直腸癌16例,行根治手術(shù)22例、姑息性手術(shù)12例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)患者均為原發(fā)性胃癌、結(jié)直腸癌確診者,符合外科手術(shù)治療指征;(2)患者均確認(rèn)行手術(shù)治療,自愿參與護(hù)理研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)明確手術(shù)禁忌癥者;(2)臨床資料不全者;(3)脫離研究者;(4)護(hù)理配合度極差者;(5)合并原發(fā)凝血功能障礙者。
1.2 研究方法
手術(shù)期間,參照組配合常規(guī)圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理,試驗(yàn)組配合圍手術(shù)期預(yù)見性護(hù)理。常規(guī)圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理,即在患者術(shù)前按需完成術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備、手術(shù)準(zhǔn)備;入室后按需配合洗手護(hù)士、手術(shù)室護(hù)士、巡回護(hù)士完成術(shù)中護(hù)理;術(shù)后護(hù)理期間,密切監(jiān)測患者下肢皮溫、皮色、觸感、腿圍變化情況,如發(fā)現(xiàn)異常需立即開展臨床藥物干預(yù)或(和)物理干預(yù),緩解下肢DVT癥狀。預(yù)見性護(hù)理:(1)術(shù)前護(hù)理:術(shù)前護(hù)理準(zhǔn)備中,需先對患者開展Caprini風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估,明確下肢DVT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,制定個(gè)體化預(yù)防護(hù)理方案。(2)術(shù)中護(hù)理:針對患者麻醉方案選擇,應(yīng)以短效全身麻醉藥物配合局部麻醉下多模式麻醉方案為主,以維持術(shù)中良好麻醉鎮(zhèn)靜水平,有利于患者術(shù)后麻醉蘇醒。(3)術(shù)后護(hù)理:術(shù)后應(yīng)在患者麻醉蘇醒后,行Caprini風(fēng)險(xiǎn)復(fù)評,結(jié)合術(shù)前、術(shù)后評估結(jié)果,制定完善下肢DVT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)防措施,即合理選擇常規(guī)護(hù)理、物理干預(yù)、藥物干預(yù)、預(yù)警分類措施,進(jìn)行綜合預(yù)防護(hù)理,積極降低術(shù)后下肢DVT發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從根源上控制此類并發(fā)癥及相關(guān)不良預(yù)后臨床發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[1-2]。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
評價(jià)患者術(shù)后康復(fù)時(shí)間指標(biāo)、凝血指標(biāo)功能、Caprini血栓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估量表評分、下肢DVT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生率、護(hù)理后下肢DVT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級、護(hù)理滿意度組間差異性。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 27.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(χ±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 患者術(shù)后康復(fù)時(shí)間指標(biāo)對比
試驗(yàn)組術(shù)后胸管留置時(shí)間(2.45±0.98)d、臥床時(shí)間(45.52±2.65)h、住院時(shí)間(9.45±1.32)d低于參照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 患者術(shù)后凝血功能指標(biāo)變化對比
患者護(hù)理期間凝血功能指標(biāo)均有改善,試驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后PT(17.13±1.15)s、aPTT(35.42±2.65)s、TT(22.45±1.35)s高于參照組,F(xiàn)bg(2.87±0.39)g/L低于參照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 患者Caprini血栓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估量表評分、下肢DVT發(fā)生率對比
試驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后Caprini評分(1.73±0.39)分、下肢DVT發(fā)生率(2.94%)均低于參照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 患者護(hù)理后下肢DVT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級對比
試驗(yàn)組護(hù)理后患者下肢DVT低危、中危占比低于參照組,高危、極高危占比高于參照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
2.5 患者護(hù)理滿意度對比
試驗(yàn)組護(hù)理滿意度為97.06%,參照組為81.82%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表5。
預(yù)見性護(hù)理作為臨床治療并發(fā)癥主要護(hù)理模式,在多類患者臨床治療、疾病預(yù)后護(hù)理中均有廣泛應(yīng)用,效果顯著,在本次研究中,特對胃腸癌手術(shù)患者術(shù)后深靜脈血栓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)誘因研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析后,提出相關(guān)護(hù)理措施,經(jīng)實(shí)施后發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)術(shù)前護(hù)理中健康教育、心理干預(yù)的實(shí)施;(2)術(shù)中麻醉方案合理性的提升、保溫護(hù)理的實(shí)施;(3)術(shù)前、術(shù)后深靜脈血栓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的綜合評估[3]。
綜上所述,預(yù)見性護(hù)理在胃腸癌患者圍手術(shù)期護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用,可經(jīng)明確患者下肢DVT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)個(gè)體差異性后配合可行護(hù)理措施,改善其術(shù)后凝血功能水平,控制下肢DVT臨床發(fā)生率,促進(jìn)患者康復(fù),效果顯著。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 胡竻生,朱襲嘉.直腸癌患者術(shù)后DVT的危險(xiǎn)因素及ERAS理念下圍術(shù)期預(yù)防措施的研究進(jìn)展[J].臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究與實(shí)踐,2021,6(22):196-198.
[2] 劉春蓉,賈映東.護(hù)理干預(yù)預(yù)防胃癌手術(shù)后患者下肢深靜脈血栓形成[J].血栓與止血學(xué),2018,24(3):499-500.
[3] 劉曉慶,彭相穎.早期護(hù)理干預(yù)對老年胃癌術(shù)后下肢深靜脈血栓形成的影響[J].血栓與止血學(xué),2021,27(2):329-330.