徐曉麗
完形填空是既考查詞語搭配、同義詞辨異、動詞時態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習慣用法,又考查考生閱讀能力、邏輯推理以及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題型。如何掌握一定技巧,提高完形填空解題能力呢?
一、借助詞匯復現(xiàn)
詞匯復現(xiàn)是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語篇中重復出現(xiàn)。
1. 原詞復現(xiàn)
例1: At this time, a ___ comes to them. When the tall man sees the bear, he is so afraid.
A. lion B. tiger
C. bear D. zebra
[解析]本題選擇C,后面出現(xiàn)了原詞the bear,是一種原詞復現(xiàn)。
2. 同義詞復現(xiàn)
例2: Kevin often makes ____ plans on the computer. And now he’s searching for information about the trip to America.
A. study B. travel
C. work D. food
[解析]句子中提到trip,答案為B.travel。兩者屬于同義復現(xiàn)。
3. 反義詞復現(xiàn)
例3: Cindy knows it’s good to wash her hands before meals. But she usually thinks of it ____ her meal is over.
A. because B. so
C. before D. after
[解析]飯前洗手是好的,但是Cindy總是在飯后才想起來。這里before對應after,屬于反義復現(xiàn)。
4. 上下義詞復現(xiàn)
上下義是指詞的總稱和分解關(guān)系。
例4: Grace asks her mother, “Mom, have we got any drinks at home?” Her mother opens the fridge and answers, “Yes, we’ve got some ____.”
A. apples B. rice
C. carrots D. milk
[解析]選項中只有milk屬于drink,milk是drink的下義詞。
5. 詞語解釋
例5: Our teachers often say, “we can learn a lot of ____ from books. For example, to help other people, to be a nice man... All of them are very important in our life.”
A. jobs B. stories
C. studies D. lessons
[解析]我們可從書中學到什么呢?help other people, be a nice man是lessons。通過解釋說明的方式來重現(xiàn)。
二、借助詞匯同現(xiàn)
指的是某些語義相關(guān)的詞語在語篇中同時出現(xiàn)。
例6: We are in the bookshop now. Every child can ____ a book and take it home.
A. draw B. say
C. send D. choose
[解析]四個選項中,choose和書店的關(guān)聯(lián)性最強。
三、借助邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系推斷答案,包括因果、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。
例7: The man is so afraid ____ he has no good idea.
A. because B. so
C. and D. but
[解析]他很害怕和想不出辦法,兩者是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,答案選D。
四、借助生活常識
根據(jù)生活常識得出答案。
例8: On Spring Festival eve, we usually have a ___ family dinner. We eat jiaozi and fish.
A. traditional B. healthy
C. beautiful D. happy
[解析]春節(jié)是中國的一個傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,而餃子和魚肉是年夜飯傳統(tǒng)食品,答案是A。
五、借助固定搭配
主要指動詞與介詞的搭配、動賓搭配以及句式搭配。
例9: My grandfather takes a walk after dinner every day. He thinks it’s good ____ his health.
A. at B. with
C. for D. by
[解析]固定搭配“對……有好處”是be good for,選C。
結(jié)束語
掌握完形填空解題微技能,把語言知識融進具體的語言情境中去,通過上下文對整體文意進行把握,是解題的關(guān)鍵。