齊思賢
《普通高中英語課程標準(2017年版2020年修訂)》提出了大概念/大觀念,即“重視以學(xué)科大概念為核心,使課程內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)化,以主題為引領(lǐng),使課程情境化,促進學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的落實”。觀念是反映學(xué)科本質(zhì)的核心知識、思想和價值;是聯(lián)結(jié)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的核心概念架構(gòu);是統(tǒng)攝教與學(xué)過程的原則和方法(王薔等,2021)。也就是說在英語教學(xué)中要發(fā)揮學(xué)科育人的功能,關(guān)注學(xué)生核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng),體現(xiàn)學(xué)生主體、單元整體。
一、導(dǎo)向性的學(xué)習(xí)目標
素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)向的學(xué)習(xí)目標是核心素養(yǎng)目標在單元的具體化,應(yīng)從語言能力、學(xué)習(xí)能力、文化意識、思維品質(zhì)的角度確立教學(xué)目標。本文以人教版(2019)教材選擇性必修三Unit 4“Adversity and Courage”為例進行大單元整合教學(xué)案例分析。
語言能力:
主題:逆境與勇氣
詞匯:單詞和詞塊
語法:現(xiàn)在完成進行時
語篇:幾則南極探險日記以及“堅韌號”船員的回憶錄。
表達:寫一篇本次南極探險的故事評論。
學(xué)習(xí)能力:
根據(jù)人物的具體言行分析其情感變化,解讀其性格品質(zhì);抓住因果關(guān)鍵詞,理解人物行動或抉擇的意義。
文化意識:
了解20世紀初人類進行南極探險的歷史背景、典型人物及故事;培養(yǎng)堅毅的品質(zhì)和樂觀的態(tài)度,勇于面對挑戰(zhàn)、挫折與逆境。
思維品質(zhì):
能夠根據(jù)不同角度的敘事整理出“堅韌號”南極探險的大致歷程;對文本中的細節(jié)進行推理分析,判斷人物的心理狀態(tài)和性格品質(zhì);基于形勢需要對人物的背景進行推理分析,判斷人物的心理狀態(tài)和性格品質(zhì);基于故事內(nèi)容的理解評判人物。
二、引領(lǐng)性的學(xué)習(xí)主題
主題體現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的價值。確定引領(lǐng)性學(xué)習(xí)主題有四個依據(jù):學(xué)科課程標準、學(xué)科教材內(nèi)容、核心素養(yǎng)的進階發(fā)展以及學(xué)生的實際情況。各子主題之間要具有一致性、系統(tǒng)性、進階性。本單元的主題開展見圖1。
三、挑戰(zhàn)性的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)
挑戰(zhàn)性的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)由一組彼此關(guān)聯(lián)、結(jié)構(gòu)化的、有邏輯的學(xué)習(xí)活動構(gòu)成。由學(xué)生完成,有實踐性、探索性、開放性等特征。
1. 構(gòu)建問題鏈,啟發(fā)思維
From the title, was the expedition a success or a failure? What did they succeed in doing and what did they fail to do? What figure of speech is it? Is it a good title? Why or why not?
Why did Shackleton throw away all his gold?
Why did he allow Hussey to keep his banjo?
What did the crew members have to do to make sure they could survive?
What do you think would happen next?
Give your overall impressions of the expedition and the men who went on it.
2. 挖掘內(nèi)涵,深度學(xué)習(xí)
Task 1: What is the main idea of Perce Blackborows each diary entry? Fill in the blanks.
Task 2:Inferring feelings and emotions.(見下頁圖2)
Task 3:How to infer character traits and emotions? Fill in the blanks. Pay attention to the characters words and actions & other peoples comments on them.(見下頁表1、表2)
3. 建立關(guān)聯(lián),遷移創(chuàng)新
Events:Has anything similar ever happened to you, or to someone you know? Does anything in the story remind you of events in the real world? For example, events you have read about in newspapers or heard about on television news programmes.
Characters: Do any of them remind you of people you know? How? Why? Have you ever had the same thoughts or feelings as these characters have? Do you know anybody who thinks, feels, behaves like that?
(1)Imagine yourself as one of the crew members who were left on Elephant Island. How would your life be like? What would you do to save yourself?
(2)Imagine we were members of the crew, what can we eat and drink and how? What else can we do on the island? How can we cheer ourselves up?
(3)Imagine yourself to be Shackleton, how would you choose your team members?
4. 畫思維導(dǎo)圖,形成結(jié)構(gòu)化知識
Task: Based on the memoir, retell the story of Shackletons men who were left on Elephant Island.(見圖3)
核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)是一個復(fù)雜的認知和價值判斷能力的發(fā)展過程,對一個大主題全面、深入的理解,需要多語篇、多視角地對主題意義進行挖掘,需要通過聽、說、讀、看、寫等多種方式開展主題學(xué)習(xí),因此要對同一大觀念下多個單元進行整合。
同時,筆者對人教版新教材共七冊教材的單元話題進行了梳理,從“人與自然”“人與社會”“人與自我”三個大主題出發(fā),歸納各子主題,打破單元順序,把單課整合到大主題中,把孤立的知識點整合為知識結(jié)構(gòu)框架,從注重知識技能學(xué)習(xí)到注重學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng),從而提高學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)效率。
責(zé)任編輯 魏文琦
實習(xí)編輯 李惠霞