袁小林 于弟
看到父子倆鼻子長(zhǎng)得非常像,人們說(shuō):你兒子的鼻子很像你喲!
這句話用英語(yǔ)如何表達(dá)?
Your sons nose is like your nose/yours.
這樣的句子太普通,遠(yuǎn)不如換一種表達(dá):
Your sons nose is from yours.
看看,小小介詞仿佛有魔力,一旦和動(dòng)詞搭配起來(lái),立馬有了靈性,含義豐富,韻味無(wú)窮。所以學(xué)英語(yǔ),要重視介詞。
請(qǐng)看on在句中的各種含義:
(1)Put the book on the desk.(在……上)
(2)Which side are you on?(支持)
(3)On arriving home Mom went to cook.(剛一……)
(4)She is on a diet now. (節(jié)食)
(5)It is a town on the river.(在河邊)
(6)Meal and drinks are on me.(支付)
(7)He is hard on his kids.(對(duì)待,影響)
(8)You can get me on this number.(撥打)
(9)Today people carry no cash on them. (隨身帶)
(10)The boss is on the phone. (打電話)
(11)He is writing a book on grammar. (關(guān)于)
(12)The light is on in the classroom. (亮燈)
可見,介詞使用頻率高,適用范圍廣,有很強(qiáng)的空間意義。
英語(yǔ)中,介詞是前綴詞。漢語(yǔ)中,“介”意思是“在兩者之間”,故有介紹、中介、介質(zhì)、媒介、介于等詞語(yǔ)。介詞的作用可以理解為“橋梁”,后必須有實(shí)物才行,即名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞,只有實(shí)物才能撐起橋梁的一端。
一、介詞和系動(dòng)詞 be搭配的含義
介詞和系動(dòng)詞 be搭配,表示正在做某事或正從事某項(xiàng)工作,相當(dāng)于正在進(jìn)行時(shí),請(qǐng)看下面例句。
(1)The students are on holiday. 學(xué)生們正在度假。
(2)The family were at table then. 當(dāng)時(shí)那家人正在吃飯。
(3)The roses are in bloom. 玫瑰正在開花。
(4)The plan is still under discussion. 計(jì)劃仍然在討論之中。
美國(guó)有一個(gè)電影海報(bào),寫道:Hes just not that into you.
什么意思?
等于以下兩句的意思:
He doesnt like you so much.
He isnt loving you so much.他不是那么喜歡你。
二、介詞可以準(zhǔn)確表示地理位置
(1)Mexico lies on the south of the USA. 墨西哥位于美國(guó)南邊。(表示兩地相連,比鄰)
(2)Japan is located to the east of China. 日本位于中國(guó)東邊。(表示在范圍之外)
(3)The railway station is in the south of the city. 火車站在城市的南部。(表示在范圍之內(nèi))
(4)The plane is flying above the clouds. 飛機(jī)飛翔在云層之上。(表示在……之上,高于)
三、“四兩撥千斤”,介詞比從句更簡(jiǎn)潔
(1)藥品要放在小孩夠不著的地方。
The medicine should be kept in places where children cant reach it.(where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
The medicine should be kept where children cant reach it. (where 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)
用介詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá):
The medicine should be kept beyond/out of childrens reach. (簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng))
(2)廚房里,媽媽喜歡把常用的東西放在伸手可及的地方。
In the kitchen, Mother likes to put the things that she uses a lot in places where she can reach them easily. (where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
用介詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá):
In the kitchen, Mother likes to put the things she uses a lot within easy reach.
“昭君出塞”,怎樣譯成英語(yǔ)??jī)?nèi)蒙古昭君墓的英文旅游介紹:
Zhao Jun married beyond the Great Wall.
beyond意思是:on or to the further side of something,這里用beyond清楚表達(dá)了“昭君遠(yuǎn)嫁到塞外大漠”的意思。
四、“高大上”,介詞可表達(dá)抽象或用動(dòng)詞難以說(shuō)明的意義
美國(guó)林肯總統(tǒng)提出的三民主義,“民有、民治、民享的政府”,英文是:
the government of the people, by the people and for the people
介詞of表示屬格,說(shuō)明政府是屬于人民的;
介詞by表示被動(dòng),說(shuō)明政府是依靠人民的;
介詞for表示目的,說(shuō)明政府是為了人民的。
所以準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了“民有, 民治, 民享”之意。
有一個(gè)描寫長(zhǎng)城的經(jīng)典句子:
The Great Wall of China winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys until at last it reaches the sea.
長(zhǎng)城自西向東,蜿蜒前進(jìn),跨過(guò)沙漠,越過(guò)高山,穿過(guò)山谷,最后到達(dá)大海。
介詞across, over, through形象生動(dòng)地表達(dá)出“跨過(guò),越過(guò),穿過(guò)”的動(dòng)感。
有人說(shuō):初級(jí)階段玩名詞,中級(jí)階段玩動(dòng)詞,高級(jí)階段玩介詞。不無(wú)道理。
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青