An Analysis of Low Quality Urbanization in Latin American Countries(5)

Fan Hesheng Wang Yan

【Abstract】Latin American countries and China are both developing countries,and the urbanization of the former has important implications for the latter.The authors firstly propose that urbanization in Latin American countries is of low-quality with three characteristics: the imbalance between urbanization and economic development; the imbalance between urban and rural development; and the uneven distribution of population in large,medium and small cities.Secondly,the paper focuses on the six most representative social problems of low-quality urbanization in Latin American countries,including shortage of housing resources,severe employment situation,increasing poverty,obvious polarization,high crime rate,and low social security coverage.Finally,drawing lessons from Latin American countries,the authors propose four suggestions for China’s urbanization: firstly,take a path suitable for China’s national conditions; secondly,to be people-oriented and pay attention to the coordinated development in urbanization; thirdly,to optimize management and strengthen the social management function of the government; fourthly,to improve the system and establish a sound social security system covering urban and rural areas.

【Key Words】Latin American countries,low-quality urbanization,social problems

【Authors】Fan Hesheng is the Deputy Dean of the Institute of Innovation and Development Strategy,Anhui University,Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of the School of Social and Political Sciences,whose research focuses on international political sociology; Wang Yan is a Postgraduate student from the Institute of Innovation and Development Strategy,Anhui University,whose research focuses on international relations and international political sociology.

Research on the Internationalization Path of Manufacturing Industry with Traditional Comparative Advantages in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area—A Case Study on KEDA(16)

Song Yang Peng Shuang Yin Jinghui NiuHuayong

【Abstract】Based on the theory of enterprise internationalization,this paper analyzes the internationalization path and reasons of manufacturing enterprises with traditional comparative advantages in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area through a case study,and summarizes the problems in their internationalization process.Taking the internationalization of KEDA—a leading construction ceramics enterprise in the Greater Bay Area—as an example,this study finds that its internationalization path is divided into three stages: export,overseas investment and turnkey projects,establishment of overseas subsidiaries and overseas acquisitions.KEDA’s internationalization are attributable to four external aspects in politics,economics,society,and technology,which are further broken down to 14 factors,and two internal aspects in tangible and intangible resources,which are further broken down to five factors.It faces some challenges and risks: internally,its product line is on the low end,and it does not have enough professionals with international experience; externally,it faces the risks of overseas investment and exchange rate fluctuations.

【Key Words】manufacturing industry with traditional comparative advantages,internationalization path,KEDA

【Authors】Song Yang,Lecturer of Foshan Graduate School,Researcher of G20-BFSU Center,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose research focuses on qualitative research,performance evaluation and so on; Peng Shuang,Postgraduate Student of the School of International Business,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose research focuses on international business; Yin Jinghui(corresponding author),Doctoral Candidate of the School of International Business,Lecturer of Foshan Graduate School,Researcher of G20-BFSU Center,Beijing Foreign Studies University,whose research focuses on performance evaluation,internationalization and so on; Niu Huayong,Professor,Dean of the School of International Business,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Doctoral Supervisor,whose research focuses on industrial economy,performance evaluation,internationalization and so on.

Constraints on US-India Maritime Security Cooperation: A Case Study of India’s Domestic Politics(35)

Zhang Dongdong

【Abstract】As the US-Indian strategic defense partnership grows closer,their cooperation in maritime security has deepened.As a key factor influencing the development of bilateral strategies,India’s domestic politics impose some constraints on US-India maritime security cooperation,mainly in the form of a complex bureaucratic system in India,its long-standing tradition of strategic autonomy,its limited maritime defense capacity,and its suspicion of the US.The above factors will limit the depth and breadth of US-India maritime security cooperation,which in turn will have a significant impact on the future of such cooperation and their strategic interaction with related countries.

【Key Words】US-India relations,domestic politics,maritime security,security strategy

【Author】Zhang Dongdong,Doctoral Candidate of the Institute for International Strategic Studies,Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC(National Academy of Governance),whose research focuses on US foreign policy and Indo-Pacific regional security.

EU’s Arctic Policy from the Perspective of Structural Diplomacy(49)

Hou Dianqin Hou Shengyi

【Abstract】Since 2008,environmental changes in the Arctic due to global warming have brought the region back to the center of the international political stage.Against the background that the geopolitical competition in the Arctic will continue to intensify,the EU has accelerated the formation and implementation of its Arctic policy.However,the EU,as a special international actor,is still regarded as an external force in the region.Therefore,the EU’s Arctic policy is its foreign policy.After examining the policy documents on the Arctic region issued by EU in the past decade or so,we may find that one of the salient features of the policy is the so-called “structural diplomacy”.In other words,it focuses on long-term sustainable goals and is committed to a "structural" strategic policy.

【Key Words】European Union,Arctic policy,structural diplomacy

【Authors】Hou Dianqin,associate professor of the School of Marxism,Yantai University,whose research interests are geopolitics and international relations; Hou Shengyi,Lecture of the Scientific Research Office of Quancheng College,Jinan University,whose research interest is international relations.

China’s Major-country Diplomacy: Overall Stability and Balanced Development(66)

Zhou Yongsheng

【Abstract】China’s major-country diplomacy contains two levels,one is diplomacy as a major-country and the other is diplomacy to great powers.In the case of the former,China's diplomacy is backed by its national strength,including economic strength,comprehensive national power,and the huge domestic market and population,territory,etc.China is at the core and top of the international political and security structure and has made great contributions to world peace.As a developing country,China is approachable by nature and represents the interests of developing countries.In this regard,China is getting closer and closer to the center of the international stage.China has made global contributions,including to world peacekeeping and the construction of a framework for “overal stable and balanced development” of major-country relations.It has also shouldered the responsibility and played the role of a major-country in the global fight against COVID-19.China,with its time-honored oriental wisdom and modern diplomatic experience,has increasingly bigger diplomatic soft power.At the same time,in terms of per capita strength,China is still a developing country without any question.The Chinese need to keep learning from powerful countries.

【Key Words】 China’ diplomacy,diplomacy of major-country,developing countries,relations among major powers

【Author】Zhou Yongsheng,Professor of the Institute of International Relations,China Foreign Affairs University,whose research focuses on Japanese diplomacy,economic diplomacy,international relations in the Asia-Pacific region.

The History of the Construction of the Overall National Security Outlook and Its Characteristics(82)

Qi Lin

【Abstract】The overall national security outlook is the result of China’s internal development and social progress.Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,the country’s national strength has experienced three phases,from “standing up” to“getting rich” to “being strong”,and the national security scene has changed from “taking class struggle as the central task” to “taking economic construction as the central task”to “equal status for security and development”.Consequently,China’s national security theory has been continuously supplemented and improved according to the situation of national and social development and eventually formed a national security theory with Chinese characteristics,namely the overall national security outlook.The outlook has five characteristics: people-orientated,comprehensive,non-traditional,practically oriented,and dynamic,reflecting the mass line thought of Marxism,materialist dialectics of Mao Zedong Thought,people-oriented traditional Chinese cultural thoughts and other theoretical manifestations.After it was put forward,the overall national security overlook will continue to be supplemented in light of new problems in the national economy and people’s livelihood,and its breadth and depth will continue to develop,deepen and improve.

【Key Words】overall national security outlook,national security,people-oriented,nontraditional security,people’s security

【Author】Qi Lin,Associate Editor,Editorial Department of International Security Studies,University of International Relations,whose research focuses on national security,ecological safety,climate change.

De-Radicalization Measures and Their Effectiveness in Singapore from the Perspective of Ethnic Integration(94)

An Gaole

【Abstract】Unlike many countries,where “de-radicalization” measures took shape after the September 11 terrorist attacks,Singapore’s founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew recognized the dangers that religious extremism could pose to society and took a series of “deradicalization” measures right after the country was founded.Singapore’s “de-radicalization”measures consisted of two phases.Prior to 9/11,they included a multicultural policy,a nonreligious policy,the HDB housing system,and the cultivation of a national service ethos.Post-9/11 measures focused on countering extremist ideology,prevention,religious rehabilitation,disengagement,and post-event reassurance.These measures in both stages have achieved visible results and are worthy of learning by the countries around the world.

【Key Words】ethnic integration,Singapore’s de-radicalization,pluralism,secularization,religious rehabilitation group

【Author】An Gaole,PhD in international relations,Associate Researcher with the Institute of Western Chinese Frontier Study at Sichuan Normal University,whose research interest mainly focuses on non-traditional security studies,especially de-radicalization and terrorism.

People-to-People Exchanges between China and Latin America:Elements,Obstacles and Path(112)

Wang Yunfei Chen Jiaxin

【Abstract】Latin America is an important partner of China as it enters a new era while building a community with a shared future for mankind.In recent years,China-Latin America cooperation has been gaining momentum.The expansion of common interests and the similarity in development require the support of people-to-people exchanges.With its unique features,international vision,Chinese values and other elements,peopleto-people exchanges have become a guiding concept for mutual appreciation of cultures between China and Latin America.However,there are still three major problems that hinder these exchanges,such as cultural heterogeneity,lack of mechanism and mutual misunderstanding.Therefore,it is necessary,through rational and objective analysis,to recognize the significance and prospects of such exchanges,and to insist on the four main paths of establishing a sound mechanism,giving equal importance to academic exchanges and talent training,reverse the counterproductive public opinions,and relying on the market to support industrial development,so as to vigorously promote people-to-people exchanges between China and Latin America so as to lay a solid foundation for China-Latin America cooperation in all fields.

【Key Words】China-Latin America relations,people-to-people exchanges,culture

【Authors】Wang Yunfei,Associate Professor,School of Social and Political Science,Anhui University,whose research interests are China-Latin America relations,international politics,etc.; Chen Jiaxin,Postgraduate Student of the Institute of Innovation and Development Strategy,Anhui University,whose research focuses on Latin American social development and China Latin American relations.

China’s Export Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors:Evidence from Trade in Value Added(128)

Yang Kui

【Abstract】The emergence of global supply chains prompts us to reevaluate China’s export efficiency and growth potential using value-added data.The author firstly calculates bilateral value-added export data of 39 countries between 1995 and 2016 using the World Input-Output Table(WIOT),and then uses the result and the stochastic frontier gravity model to estimate China’s export efficiency and its influencing factors.It is found that China’s value-added export efficiency falls between 0.5 and 0.7,which means China still has plenty of export potential.However,China’s export efficiency varies across sectors,with value-added export efficiency of non-manufacturing industries as high as about 0.9,that of manufacturing industries at a level comparable to the overall export efficiency,while that of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery and service industries are significantly lower than the average.Furthermore,the results of the factors influencing export efficiency show that the role of traditional trade constraints is gradually weakening,and human factors such as political democracy and trade freedom,which reflect the trade environment,have become decisive factors.

【Key Words】trade in value added,export efficiency,Stochastic Frontier Gravity Mode,trade potential,World Input-Output Table

【Author】 Yang Kui,MA in economics,XCMG Finance Co.,Ltd.,whose research focuses on international trade theory,international policy,world economic situation and policies and so on.