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選修7第3單元重點(diǎn)單詞

2021-09-10 07:22王宇
關(guān)鍵詞:用詞辨析試題

王宇

1. annual [??nju?l]

? adj. 每年的;按年度計(jì)算的

But at the annual party conference he always made the right noises. 但在每年政黨會(huì)議上,他總是隨聲附和。

What’s the total amount of your annual sales? 你們每年的總銷量是多少?

? n. 年刊;年鑒;一年生植物

His essay is copied from a college annual. 他的論文是從一本大學(xué)年刊上抄下來的。

Many garden plants are annuals. 許多觀賞植物都是一年生的。

【試題鏈接】

What is the average ___ snowfall for this state?

Key: annual

2. witness [?wItnIs]

? vt. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到;目擊

I witnessed the traffic accident. 我目睹了那起交通事故。

The girl had no word for the sights she had witnessed. 這女孩無法形容她所目擊的景象。

? vt. 為……作證;作證;證明

My wife will witness that I was at home all evening. 我妻子將會(huì)證明我整晚都呆在家里。

? n. [C] 目擊者;見證人

I was a witness to their quarrel. 我是他們吵架時(shí)的目擊者。

? n. [U, C] 證據(jù);證言

She was punished for giving false witness. 她因作偽證受到懲處。

易混辨析

witness, look, see, watch與observe

這些動(dòng)詞均有“看”之意。witness指當(dāng)場(chǎng)看見,親眼目睹;look側(cè)重指“看”的動(dòng)作;see指看見;watch指用眼睛跟隨某物,以便對(duì)每一個(gè)變化、運(yùn)動(dòng)等進(jìn)行觀察;observe側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度進(jìn)行觀察。

【試題鏈接】

Police have appealed for anyone who

___ the incident to contact them.

Key: witnessed

3. pause [p?:z]

? vi. 暫停;中止;躊躇

He had to pause to clear his throat. 他不得不停頓一下清清嗓子。

? n. [C] 暫停;中止

When we read the text, we should pay attention to sentence stress, pause and liaison. 讀課文的時(shí)候,大家要注意句子的重音、停頓和連讀現(xiàn)象。

? n. [U] 躊躇

Our advice gave pause to him. 我們的建議使他躊躇。

易混辨析

pause, break, rest與stop

這些名詞均含有“中止;停止;休息”之意。pause指短暫的中斷或停止,含有會(huì)再進(jìn)行下去的意味;break是非正式用詞,指突然的或短時(shí)間的中止,如工作或活動(dòng)期間的短暫休息;rest指統(tǒng)稱的休息;stop是普通用詞,指迅速或突然中止某行為、活動(dòng)或狀態(tài)。

【試題鏈接】

Here the speaker ___ to have a drink.

Key: paused

5. urge [?:d?]

? n. [C] 強(qiáng)烈的欲望,迫切的要求,沖動(dòng)

He no longer has the urge to write letters to anybody. 他再也沒有想要給任何人寫信的欲望了。

I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. 我以前從未有過想學(xué)手語的沖動(dòng)。

? vt. 催促;極力主張;驅(qū)策

It was already rather late, thus we decide to urge the customer. 已經(jīng)相當(dāng)晚了,所以我們決定催促客戶。

She urged him to try the soup. 她力勸他去試試這個(gè)湯。

? vt. 極力主張;強(qiáng)烈要求

He urged all concerned to take an active part in the work. 他要求有關(guān)人員都積極參加這項(xiàng)工作。

? vt. 推進(jìn);驅(qū)策

Sometimes riders urge their horses on with whips. 騎手有時(shí)用鞭子策馬前進(jìn)。

He was urged by his conscience. 他受良心所驅(qū)使。

易混辨析

urge, persuade與convince

這些動(dòng)詞均有“勸說;勸導(dǎo);勸誘”之意。urge語氣強(qiáng),指不斷地、熱情地規(guī)勸誘導(dǎo);persuade是普通用詞,指通過勸說、感情交流等而使對(duì)方做勸說者所希望的事;convince指憑行動(dòng)、事實(shí)或言語使他人從思想感情上信服。

【試題鏈接】

He has ___ complete reform of the welfare system.

Key: urged

6. abandon [??b?nd?n] vt.

? 遺棄;拋棄

People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad. 人們出國時(shí)常常丟下寵物不管,一走了之。

? 舍棄;丟棄

Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使很多司機(jī)棄車步行。

? 中止;放棄

They had to abandon the match because of rain. 因?yàn)橄掠?,他們只好中止比賽?/p>

? 陷入;沉湎于

abandon oneself to 陷入;沉湎于(某種情感)

He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入絕望。

派生詞

? abandoned adj. 被離棄的;被遺棄的;被拋棄的

The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 該棄兒被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)安然無恙。

? abandonment n. 離棄;遺棄;拋棄;放棄;中止

Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day’s competitions. 連綿陰雨致使翌日各項(xiàng)賽事被迫中止。

易混辨析

abandon, desert與give up

這些動(dòng)詞或詞組均含“拋棄;放棄”之意。

abandon強(qiáng)調(diào)永遠(yuǎn)或完全放棄或拋棄人或事物等,這可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的;desert著重指違背法律責(zé)任和義務(wù),或自己的信仰與誓言的行為,多含非難的意味;give up普通用語,側(cè)重指沒有希望或因外界壓力而放棄。

【試題鏈接】

Lack of money led to the ___ of this plan.

Key: abandonment

7. target [?tɑ:ɡIt] n.

? [C] 目標(biāo)

The university will reach its target of 5,000 students next September.這所大學(xué)將于下個(gè)九月達(dá)到在校生5000人的目標(biāo)。

? [C] 靶;靶子

The soldiers were banging away at the target. 士兵們不斷地向靶子射擊。

? [C] 攻擊目標(biāo);批評(píng)對(duì)象

They bombed military and civilian targets. 他們轟炸了軍事和民用目標(biāo)。

He’s become the target for a lot of criticism recently. 他最近成了眾矢之的。

? v. [vt] 把……作為攻擊目標(biāo);把……作為批評(píng)的對(duì)象

The company has been targeted by animal right’s groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 這家公司因用狗做藥物試驗(yàn)而成為動(dòng)物保護(hù)組織批評(píng)的對(duì)象。

? v. [vt] 面向;把……對(duì)準(zhǔn)(某群體)

The campaign is clearly targeted at the young. 這個(gè)活動(dòng)顯然是針對(duì)青年人的。

易混辨析

target, aim, goal, purpose, object與objective

這些名詞均有“目標(biāo);目的”之意。target指射擊的靶,軍事攻擊目標(biāo)。引申指被攻擊、批評(píng)或嘲笑的目標(biāo);aim從本義“靶子”引申而來,側(cè)重指比較具體而明確的目標(biāo),但常指短期目標(biāo);goal指經(jīng)過考慮和選擇,需經(jīng)堅(jiān)持不懈的努力奮斗才能達(dá)到的最終目標(biāo);purpose普通用詞,既指以堅(jiān)決、審慎的行動(dòng)去達(dá)到的目的,又指心中渴望要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo);object強(qiáng)調(diào)因個(gè)人或需求而決定的目標(biāo)、目的;objective與object基本同義,但語義更廣泛,指具體或很快能達(dá)到的目的,也可指軍事目標(biāo)。

【試題鏈接】

The guidance systems didn’t work and the missile couldn’t hit its ___.

Key: target

8. reflect [rI?flekt] v.

? vi. 思考

reflect on / upon

I must reflect upon how to answer that question. 我必須思考一下如何答復(fù)那個(gè)問題。

? vt. 反映;映出(影像)

His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的臉映照在鏡子里。

? vt. 反射(聲、光、熱等)

The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗戶反射著午后明媚的陽光。

? vt. 顯示;表明;表達(dá)(事物的自然屬性或人們的態(tài)度、情感等)

Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 我們的報(bào)紙旨在表達(dá)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦男穆暋?/p>

派生詞

reflection n.

? [C] 映像;映照出的影像;反射

His paintings often show some beautiful reflection of the trees in the lake. 他的畫作經(jīng)常描繪一些湖水中樹木的美麗倒影。

? [C] 反映;顯示;表達(dá)

Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿著常常反映出一個(gè)人的個(gè)性。

? [U] 沉思;深思;審慎的思考

She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all. 經(jīng)過審慎的思考,她決定還是接受他的提議。

【試題鏈接】

This book is a ___ of the progress in Chinese society.

Key: reflection

9. aware [??we?] adj.

? 意識(shí)到的;知道的

aware of 知道;意識(shí)到;明白

He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚這個(gè)問題。

? 察覺到;發(fā)覺;發(fā)現(xiàn)

They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他們突然意識(shí)到人們?cè)谇浦麄儭?/p>

? 對(duì)……有興趣的;有……意識(shí)的

Young people are very environmentally aware. 年輕人的環(huán)保意識(shí)很強(qiáng)。

派生詞

awareness n. 知道;認(rèn)識(shí);意識(shí);興趣

It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是學(xué)生逐漸懂得如何使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

【試題鏈接】

The campaign is designed to increase public ___ of the issues.

Key: awareness

10. scare [ske?(r)]

? vt. 恐嚇

The fireworks will scare the animals. 煙火會(huì)嚇著動(dòng)物。

scare sb. / sth. away 把……嚇跑

She moved quietly to avoid scaring the birds away. 她動(dòng)作很輕,不想把鳥兒嚇走。

scare sb. into doing sth. 威脅,恐嚇某人做某事

Local businesses were scared into paying protection money. 當(dāng)?shù)厣虘羝扔谕{繳納了保護(hù)費(fèi)。

scare sb. to death 嚇?biāo)?/p>

Some horror movies may scare you to death. 有些恐怖電影能把你嚇個(gè)半死。

? vi. 受驚嚇

I don’t scare easily, you know. 要知道,我可不是那么容易被嚇倒的。

派生詞

scared adj. 驚恐的

We were scared that something terrible might happen. 我們害怕會(huì)發(fā)生可怕的事情。

be scared of 害怕……

She is scared of going out alone. 她不敢獨(dú)自外出。

易混辨析

scare, alarm, frighten, startle與terrify

這些動(dòng)詞均有“驚嚇;驚恐”之意。scare在非正式文體中可與frighten換用,但語氣較重,側(cè)重人受驚嚇后立即停下正在做的事或跑掉;alarm著重指某人意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)而突然產(chǎn)生的驚恐;frighten為普通用詞,使用廣泛,指產(chǎn)生突然、短暫的驚慌、恐怖感;startle強(qiáng)調(diào)突然使人驚駭或震驚;terrify語氣最強(qiáng),指驚駭?shù)昧駸o主,魂飛魄散。

【試題鏈接】

Do one thing every day that ___ you.

Key: scares

11. drag [dr?ɡ]

? vt. 拖;拉;扯

He dragged the heavy case across the floor. 他在地板上拖著那個(gè)沉重的箱子。

Use your mouse to drag the pictures to their new size. 用鼠標(biāo)拖動(dòng)圖片,將其調(diào)整為新的尺寸。

? vi. 拖拽;拖沓

The performance dragged. 表演不緊湊/拖沓。

易混辨析

draw, pull與drag

這些動(dòng)詞均含有“拖;拉”之意。draw指將東西慢慢、緩緩拉動(dòng),使其移動(dòng);pull是普通用語,指用力拉,與push 相對(duì);drag指慢慢地拖著笨重的東西,意味著所拖的東西阻力很大。

【試題鏈接】

He got up and ___ his chair towards the table.

Key: dragged

12. neat [ni:t] adj.

? 整潔的;整齊的;有序的

She was wearing a neat black suit. 她穿著整潔的黑色禮服。

? 好的;極好的

It’s a really neat movie. 這真是一部極好的電影

派生詞

? neatly adv. 整潔地;整齊地;有序地

The box fitted neatly into the drawer. 這盒子放在抽屜里正合適。

? neatness n. 整潔;干凈

The grounds were a perfect balance between neatness and natural wildness. 這些庭園是整齊有序和天然粗放的完美結(jié)合。

易混辨析

neat, tidy, trim與orderly

這些形容詞均有“整潔的”之意。neat 指人或物外表既清潔又整齊;tidy 側(cè)重整齊,井然有序;trim 著重因線條清晰、比例勻稱而使外觀呈現(xiàn)出緊湊和精確、美觀;orderly 語義

比上述幾個(gè)詞強(qiáng),指把復(fù)雜細(xì)微的東西按其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系安排整齊,側(cè)重井井有條。

【試題鏈接】

Sue had dressed herself ___ for work.

Key: neatly

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