王峰

一、復(fù)合不定代詞及復(fù)合不定副詞歸納。

二、復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

例：Everyone knows me here.

三、形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)要放在后邊。

例：There is something new in today’s newspaper.

四、any以及any構(gòu)成的詞多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句、if條件句和含否定詞的句子中。

例：If you don’t want anything，please let me know.

He is too busy to see anyone come in.

The boy is too heavy for anyone to carry.

注意：① any以及any構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中不可作主語(yǔ)而應(yīng)換成相應(yīng)的詞。

② any以及any構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中為完全否定。

not ... any = no

not ... anyone / anybody = none / nobody

not ... anything = nothing

not ... anywhere = nowhere

例：Anyone doesn’t know me here.? 應(yīng)改為No one knows me here.

I can’t see anything in the room.? = I can see nothing in the room.

③ any以及any構(gòu)成的詞也可用于肯定句。

any 任何一個(gè)? ? ?anyone = anybody 任何人? ? ?anything 任何事物

例：He is taller than anyone else in my class.

五、every以及every構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中為不完全否定。

例：He knows everything.? 與之對(duì)應(yīng)的否定句：He knows nothing.

而不能改成He doesn’t know everything.? 他不是事事都懂（否一部分）。

六、表示人的復(fù)合不定代詞用人稱代詞、物主代詞替換時(shí)一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，有時(shí)又可用單數(shù)，這要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)決定。

例：If anyone invites you，you have to meet them on time. （前面用單數(shù)，后面是賓格復(fù)數(shù)them）

No one knows me here，do they？（前面用單數(shù)，后面是復(fù)數(shù)they）

Everyone is doing their homework now.

If anyone calls me，tell him / her to call back after 8：00.

拓展思維：人稱代詞有主格賓格之分，主格有I，he，she，it，you，we，they，賓格有me，him，her，it，you，us，them。主格的要放在主語(yǔ)位置，賓格的要放在賓語(yǔ)位置。主語(yǔ)位置一般放在句首，如：I am a teacher.在英語(yǔ)中。賓語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)位置，一個(gè)在動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)，注意不是所有的動(dòng)詞都需要跟賓語(yǔ);另一個(gè)在介詞后跟賓語(yǔ)。如：I give him a book.? 這里的give是動(dòng)詞，him是give的賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)的作用是使謂語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思更加完整和清楚），所以這個(gè)位置上用的是人稱代詞，賓格形式，而不能用主格he。

七、none做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)可單可復(fù)。

例：None of us go / goes to school by bus.

None of us is a cook.

【測(cè)一測(cè)】

1. All of us were invited，but of us came.

A. neither B. none C. both

2. She listened carefully，but heard .

A. anyone B. someone

C. everyone D. nothing

3. — Do you have to say for yourself？

— No，I have to say.

A. something;everything

B. nothing;something

C. everything;anything

D. anything;nothing

4. Why not ask to help you.

A. everyone B. someone

C. anyone D. none

5. — “There isn’t water here.? Could you get for me？”

— “All right. ”

A. some;some B. any;any

C. some;any D. any;some

6. Today， trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.

A. much too B. too much

C. many too D. too many

7. There’s with his eyes.? He’s OK.

A. anything wrong B. wrong something

C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing

8. —“Haven’t you forgotten ？”

—“ ，oh，forgot my bag. ”

A. anything;Excuse me

B. something;Excuse me

C. something;Pardon

D. everything;Pardon

9. Put it down，Richard.? You mustn’t read

letter.

A. anyone’s else’s B. anyone’s else

C. anyone else’s D. anyone else

10. Be quiet！I have to tell you.

A. important anything

B. anything important

C. important something

D. something important

Keys：BDDBD? ?DCACD