国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療依從性影響因素及改善方法研究進(jìn)展

2021-03-24 05:57王艷霞周潞榮王國(guó)平
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2021年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:改善方法依從性影響因素

王艷霞 周潞榮 王國(guó)平

[摘要] 人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染人體后會(huì)侵犯和破壞CD4+ T細(xì)胞,破壞機(jī)體免疫功能,為重建或維持免疫功能,需要進(jìn)行抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療(ART)??狗崔D(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療通過(guò)使用抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物抑制HIV復(fù)制,可以降低病毒載量和二次傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),延長(zhǎng)患者壽命,從而將艾滋?。ˋIDS)從一種終末期疾病變?yōu)榱硪环N可控制的慢性疾病。抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療過(guò)程中,良好的依從性對(duì)抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物療效有重要影響,但是ART治療依從性的影響因素有很多,涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、個(gè)人、生理、心理等方面。本文針對(duì)反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療依從性的影響因素和改善方法進(jìn)行綜述,以期為臨床管理HIV患者提供參考。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療;依從性;影響因素;改善方法

[中圖分類號(hào)] R512.91? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)03-0188-05

Research progress on influencing factors and improvement methods of anti-retroviral therapy compliance

WANG Yanxia1, 2? ?ZHOU Lurong2? ?WANG Guoping2

1.Department of Infectious Diseases, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi? ?046000, China; 2.Department of Infectious Diseases, Changzhi People′s Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi? ?046000, China

[Abstract] Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) invades and destroys CD4+ T cells after infecting the human body, destroying the body′s immune function. In order to rebuild or maintain immune function, anti-retroviral therapy(ART) is required. Anti-retroviral therapy uses anti-retroviral drugs to inhibit HIV replication, which can reduce the viral load and the risk of secondary transmission, prolong the life of patients, and thereby transform AIDS from an end-stage disease to a controllable chronic disease. Satisfactory compliance with anti-retroviral therapy has an important impact on the efficacy of anti-retroviral drugs. But there are many factors that affect the compliance of ART therapy, involving economic, social, personal, physical, and psychological aspects. This article will review the influencing factors and improvement methods of retroviral therapy compliance in order to provide references for the clinical management of HIV patients.

[Key words] Anti-retroviral therapy; Compliance; Influencing factors; Improvement methods

艾滋?。ˋcquired? immune? deficiency syndrome,AIDS)是人類獲得性免疫缺陷病毒(Human immuno deficiency virus,HIV)感染導(dǎo)致的慢性傳染病,HIV感染人體后,主要侵犯和破壞CD4+ T細(xì)胞,導(dǎo)致機(jī)體免疫功能破壞,從而引起各種機(jī)會(huì)性感染和腫瘤。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)艾滋病規(guī)劃署估計(jì),截至2018年底,全球現(xiàn)存活HIV/AIDS患者3790萬(wàn)例[1],我國(guó)每年新診斷的HIV患者數(shù)量也在不斷增多[2]。為控制該病,我國(guó)艾滋病指南建議,HIV一旦確診,不管其CD4水平如何,均需要進(jìn)行抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療(Antiretroviral therapy,ART)[3]。ART是運(yùn)用抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物抑制HIV復(fù)制,以重建或維持免疫功能,降低病毒載量和二次傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從而降低AIDS患者病死率,將AIDS從一種終末期疾病變?yōu)橐环N可控制的慢性疾病。ART的效果與患者良好的依從性密切相關(guān)。有研究結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)依從性低于95%時(shí),隨著依從性的下降,抗病毒失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高,甚至產(chǎn)生耐藥性[4]。影響ART的因素有很多,涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、個(gè)人、生理、心理等方面,本文針對(duì)ART依從性的影響因素、改善依從性的具體方法進(jìn)行闡述,以期為臨床管理HIV患者提供參考。

1 ART依從性的影響因素

1.1經(jīng)濟(jì)因素

經(jīng)濟(jì)情況會(huì)影響HIV感染者的依從性[5],在經(jīng)濟(jì)條件比較落后的地區(qū)及家庭,AIDS患者服用抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物及治療因免疫力減低導(dǎo)致的機(jī)會(huì)性感染均會(huì)增加其經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),患者為減少支出,可能不服藥,從而使ART依從性降低。經(jīng)濟(jì)情況差也會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者沒有錢去購(gòu)買所需要的食物[6],食物缺乏會(huì)使患者產(chǎn)生饑餓和疲勞感,加劇抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療的副作用,從而使ART依從性降低。經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力導(dǎo)致服藥不依從的研究多集中在資源有限的環(huán)境中,但也有在資源豐富的環(huán)境中,患者因難以支付到診所的交通費(fèi)和醫(yī)藥費(fèi)而延遲購(gòu)買藥物或停藥,導(dǎo)致不堅(jiān)持按時(shí)服藥的報(bào)道[7]。

1.2 社會(huì)環(huán)境

人們往往將HIV與不良生活方式聯(lián)系,從而導(dǎo)致HIV感染者受到歧視、嘲笑、羞辱甚至暴力。HIV感染者為避免暴露自身感染狀態(tài)帶來(lái)的不愉快感,常會(huì)選擇隱瞞其血清陽(yáng)性狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致有他人在場(chǎng)時(shí)不使用藥物[8],從而影響ART依從性,社會(huì)對(duì)HIV感染者的暴力會(huì)使HIV感染者不堅(jiān)持服藥[9]。

1.3醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)

ART使AIDS成為一種慢性病,隨著就診時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),由同一個(gè)健康服務(wù)者為患者提供醫(yī)療服務(wù),患者依從性會(huì)增加6%[10]。其可能的原因是隨著年份的增加,HIV感染者對(duì)為其提供服務(wù)的醫(yī)護(hù)人員信任度也會(huì)增加。診所等待時(shí)間長(zhǎng),供應(yīng)鏈脆弱導(dǎo)致缺藥,也可能使患者中斷治療。

1.4個(gè)人情況

ART依從性與年齡有關(guān)[11],年齡越小的患者自控能力越差,可能與其自身對(duì)疾病和治療還沒有形成正確的認(rèn)識(shí),完全依賴父母等成人的監(jiān)督管理有關(guān),故而年齡小的患者服藥依從性差。戶籍地址和居住地點(diǎn)會(huì)影響患者的服藥依從性[12],居住在交通不便或距離診所較遠(yuǎn)的患者,在藥物用完或身體不適時(shí)不能及時(shí)就診,使患者不能按時(shí)服藥。受教育水平較高者能更好地理解HIV相關(guān)知識(shí),依從性更好[13]。就業(yè)情況、疲勞、長(zhǎng)途旅行、遺忘[14]、離家出走、更改日?;顒?dòng)[15]、已婚/同居、職業(yè)種類[16]、更年期癥狀[17]、吸毒和飲酒[18]也會(huì)影響患者的服藥依從性。

1.5精神心理因素

社會(huì)對(duì)HIV的歧視會(huì)導(dǎo)致HIV感染者自我接納程度低、自尊心低,甚至導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁。抑郁是ART依從性的重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素[19],消極或抑郁情緒導(dǎo)致患者缺失對(duì)疾病的認(rèn)知,不愿意接受治療,從而降低ART依從性。有研究認(rèn)為,抑郁癥狀越嚴(yán)重的患者依從性越低[20];焦慮也會(huì)影響患者的服藥依從性[21]。

1.6 藥物因素

抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物可導(dǎo)致惡心、嘔吐、皮疹、肝臟毒性、骨質(zhì)疏松等不良反應(yīng),抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物的不良反應(yīng)會(huì)影響ART的依從性[22]。ART需要聯(lián)合多種抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物,藥片數(shù)量同樣會(huì)影響ART依從性[23]。服藥時(shí)間也會(huì)影響患者依從性[24],HIV患者需要終生進(jìn)行ART治療,但是隨著服藥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),患者對(duì)按時(shí)服藥的重視程度下降,導(dǎo)致一部分患者不按時(shí)服藥。

2 改善依從性的方法

2.1普及AIDS相關(guān)知識(shí)并為AIDS患者提供咨詢

HIV相關(guān)知識(shí)指HIV感染者知曉其疾病狀態(tài),并對(duì)艾滋病病毒和ART有基本了解。HIV感染者主要可通過(guò)俱樂部咨詢、個(gè)人咨詢、以家庭為中心的咨詢方式獲得艾滋病相關(guān)知識(shí)[25]。俱樂部通常由社區(qū)工作者和醫(yī)務(wù)工作者組成。俱樂部使HIV患者服藥自我效能提升,促進(jìn)服藥[26]。個(gè)人咨詢[27]是由訓(xùn)練有素的干預(yù)者(醫(yī)務(wù)人員或社區(qū)保健者)為HIV感染者解答HIV相關(guān)知識(shí)、使用藥物的必要性和可能的藥物不良反應(yīng)等,并幫助患者識(shí)別難以堅(jiān)持服藥的想法并給予一定建議,或幫助HIV感染者探索和解決服藥意圖與行為之間的潛在差異,繼而使患者的依從性得到改善。對(duì)于兒童、青少年、合并精神疾病者等患者而言,以家庭為中心的咨詢[25]可能會(huì)增加患者應(yīng)對(duì)病毒的能力。通過(guò)多種組織和個(gè)人為HIV患者普及AIDS知識(shí),是改善依從性、降低死亡率和減少病毒進(jìn)一步傳播的工具。

2.2運(yùn)用信息技術(shù)

信息技術(shù)指管理和處理信息采用的各種技術(shù)總稱,在ART依從性方面主要有短信提醒、電子藥房追蹤系統(tǒng)、電子監(jiān)測(cè)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)。電子藥房補(bǔ)藥追蹤設(shè)備、基于藥房的應(yīng)用程序能實(shí)時(shí)識(shí)別患者未服藥信息,在治療失敗前采取干預(yù)措施,從而改善患者的依從性[28]。短信提醒被理解成對(duì)HIV感染者的“關(guān)懷”,能夠抵消AIDS感染者的一部分抑郁情緒,每周能收到短信提醒并做出回應(yīng)的HIV感染者,其ART依從性會(huì)有明顯改善[29]。醫(yī)護(hù)人員建立QQ、微信群對(duì)HIV感染者進(jìn)行管理,可以改善ART的依從性[30]。信息技術(shù)為監(jiān)測(cè)及改善依從性提供了許多便利,也容易被HIV感染者接受,但是有隱私被泄露的隱患[31]。

2.3加強(qiáng)醫(yī)患溝通及改善護(hù)理結(jié)構(gòu)

患者與醫(yī)護(hù)人員的溝通可以增加抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物的使用[32],良好的醫(yī)患溝通能增加患者對(duì)疾病的了解及感覺到被關(guān)心,能更好地配合醫(yī)生的診療工作。合理的護(hù)理結(jié)構(gòu)能有效增加患者依從性[33],如與單獨(dú)的醫(yī)師相比,護(hù)理人員加初級(jí)保健者能使患者依從性明顯提高。

2.4加強(qiáng)社會(huì)支持

社會(huì)支持是運(yùn)用各種精神及物質(zhì)手段對(duì)HIV感染者進(jìn)行無(wú)償幫助的總和,多項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示,社會(huì)支持可通過(guò)物質(zhì)及精神方面提高患者的服藥依從性[34-35]。在物質(zhì)層面,給予一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)可緩解患者的就診負(fù)擔(dān)及生活壓力,增加其就診動(dòng)力,從而使患者增加就診次數(shù),改善ART依從性[36],如使用現(xiàn)金優(yōu)惠券、小額獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)金等經(jīng)濟(jì)誘導(dǎo)方式激勵(lì)HIV患者長(zhǎng)期服藥[37]。Stephanie等[38]認(rèn)為有安全住房者與沒有安全住房者相比,有安全住房者在過(guò)去一周內(nèi)錯(cuò)過(guò)服用藥物的概率更低,ART依從性更高。我國(guó)實(shí)施的異地扶貧搬遷政策能為無(wú)家可歸者提供安全的住房,能在一定程度上解決因住房問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致的低依從性。在精神層面,改善患者的心理健康可以提高其依從性,如對(duì)抑郁患者進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的心理干預(yù)可改善其依從性[34],配偶、子女、同伴對(duì)HIV感染者的支持可改善其心理健康,繼而改善其服藥依從性[39]。

2.5運(yùn)用長(zhǎng)效、復(fù)合劑型抗病毒藥物

使用單片藥物治療比多片藥物治療依從性更好[40],臨床已開發(fā)出三合一、四合一復(fù)合制劑,可以減少因藥片數(shù)量導(dǎo)致的低ART依從性。使用間隔近30 d的藥物[41],可以明顯延長(zhǎng)服藥時(shí)間,使ART依從性提高。因藥物不良反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致的依從性差者,由醫(yī)護(hù)人員對(duì)患者解釋可能發(fā)生的不良反應(yīng)及應(yīng)對(duì)措施,可以大大減少藥物副作用對(duì)依從性的影響[42]。在臨床工作中應(yīng)結(jié)合患者情況個(gè)體化用藥,并且提前告知患者可能出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng),在患者出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)時(shí)指導(dǎo)其及時(shí)就醫(yī)。

3總結(jié)

ART效果與ART依從性密切相關(guān),如上所述,許多因素可以影響患者的ART依從性。目前關(guān)于ART依從性影響因素的研究大多數(shù)屬于橫斷面研究,不同研究使用的依從性定義、評(píng)估依從性的方法、抗反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療時(shí)間可能不同,這些都有可能會(huì)影響研究結(jié)果。這些因素影響患者依從性的機(jī)制尚未完全明確,提示可在未來(lái)開展這方面的研究。

改善ART依從性的干預(yù)措施有很多,隨著信息技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,HIV患者可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得相關(guān)知識(shí),但是患者可能不具備相關(guān)的醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),對(duì)這些信息的識(shí)別能力有限,從而不能完全準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地了解相關(guān)知識(shí),提示醫(yī)務(wù)人員在臨床工作中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)為HIV患者普及相關(guān)知識(shí)。利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改善依從性有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但有隱私被泄露的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),我國(guó)關(guān)于這方面的研究有限,可進(jìn)一步開展這方面的研究,并開發(fā)安全性好的HIV管理軟件,以期能夠在一定程度上改善患者依從性。我國(guó)實(shí)行的“四免一關(guān)懷”政策是對(duì)HIV個(gè)人及家庭社會(huì)支持的具體體現(xiàn),但是隨著我國(guó)確診的HIV患者數(shù)量不斷增多,在這方面的財(cái)政投入也將會(huì)加大。在HIV患者數(shù)量不斷增加的情況下,我國(guó)財(cái)政是否能夠繼續(xù)負(fù)擔(dān)其治療及檢測(cè)費(fèi)用,有待進(jìn)一步探討。良好的醫(yī)患溝通和合理的護(hù)理結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)ART依從性有積極影響,但是哪一種護(hù)理結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)提高患者依從性效果最佳仍不明確,需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究。雖然HIV治療已取得一定進(jìn)展,但完全無(wú)副作用的藥物還未開發(fā)完成,且目前的研究多集中于非特異性副作用,可進(jìn)一步探索特定副作用對(duì)ART的影響。在未來(lái)不斷探索開發(fā)副作用小、更長(zhǎng)效的復(fù)合制劑對(duì)改善ART依從性有重要意義。

對(duì)于HIV患者而言,影響其ART依從性的因素往往不是單一的,干預(yù)措施也會(huì)互相影響,如社會(huì)支持可通過(guò)改善患者心理健康而提高其依從性,增加HIV相關(guān)知識(shí)可減輕藥物副作用導(dǎo)致的不依從,故應(yīng)采取多重干預(yù)措施改善患者的依從性。不同患者依從性的影響因素不同,因此要采取個(gè)體化的干預(yù)措施。總之,患者不能按時(shí)服藥時(shí),要及時(shí)詢問(wèn)其未能按時(shí)服藥的原因,采取聯(lián)合、個(gè)體化的干預(yù)措施,改善患者依從性。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1] UNAIDS.UNAIDS data 2020[EB/OL].[2018-12-3].https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2020/2020-UNAIDS-data.

[2] 吳尊友.我國(guó)艾滋病經(jīng)性傳播新特征與防治面臨的挑戰(zhàn)[J].中華流行病學(xué)雜志,2018,39(6):707-709.

[3] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)感染病學(xué)分會(huì)艾滋病丙型肝炎學(xué)組,中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心.中國(guó)艾滋病診療指南(2018版)[J].新發(fā)傳染病電子雜志,2019,4(2):65-84.

[4] Jonathan ZL,Roger P,Heather JR,et al.Relationship between minority nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations,adherence,and the risk of virologic failure[J].AIDS(London,England),2012,26(2):185-192.

[5] Nadkarni S,Genberg B,Galárraga O.Microfinance interventions and HIV treatment outcomes:A synthesizing conceptual framework and systematic review[J].AIDS and Behavior,2019,23(9):2238-2252.

[6] Naidoo P,Premdutt R.Do challenges still exist amongst HIV/AIDS patients in managing their condition? A cross-sectional study of 297 participants in the Ethekwini Metro of KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa[J].African Journal of AIDS Research:AJAR,2019,18(3):198-204.

[7] McAllister J,Beardsworth G,Lavie E,et al.Financial stress is associated with reduced treatment adherence in HIV-infected adults in a resource-rich setting[J].HIV Medicine,2013,14(2):120-124.

[8] Denison JA,Banda H,Dennis AC,et al.The sky is the limit:Adhering to antiretroviral therapy and HIV self-management from the perspectives of adolescents living with HIV and their adult caregivers[J].Journal of the International AIDS Society,2015(18):19358.

[9] Cluver L,Meinck F,Toska E,et al.Multitype violence exposures and adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence in South Africa[J].AIDS(London,England),2018,32(8):975-983.

[10] David JM,Megan BC,Momotazur R,et al.The association of provider and practice factors with HIV antiretroviral therapy adherence[J].AIDS(London,England),2019,33(13):2081-2089.

[11] Kacanek D,Huo Y,Malee K,et al.Non-adherence and unsuppressed viral load across adolescence among US youth with perinatally acquired HIV[J].AIDS,2019,33(12):1923-1934.

[12] Liao B,Zhang XW,Wang JY,et al.Analysis of factors associated with dropping-out from HIV antiretroviral therapy in Kunming city,China[J].BMC Infectious Diseases,2019,19(1):1043.

[13] Nuredin NA,Temam AH,Awel AH.Socioeconomic and demographic statuses as determinants of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV infected patients:A systematic review of the literature[J].Current HIV Research,2019,17(3):161-172.

[14] Paramesha AE,Chacko LK.Predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among PLHIV[J].Indian Journal of Public Health,2019,63(4):367-376.

[15] Zara S,Edward JM,Jean BN,et al.Patient-reported barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy:A systematic review and Meta-analysis[J].PLoS Medicine,2016,13(11):e1002 183.

[16] 趙文宇,俞海亮,葉少東,等.中國(guó)三省386例HIV感染者和艾滋病患者抗病毒治療服藥依從性及其影響因素分析[J].中華預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2016,50(4):334-338.

[17] Cutimanco-Pacheco V,Arriola-Montenegro J,Mezones-Holguin E,et al.Menopausal symptoms are associated with non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected middle-aged women[J].Climacteric:the Journal of the International Menopause Society,2020,23(3):229-236.

[18] 姚娜,汪春付,趙生魁,等.西安市HIV/AIDS患者HAART依從性相關(guān)研究[J].中國(guó)艾滋病性病,2015,21(3):184-188.

[19] Tatum AK,Houston E.Examining the interplay between depression,motivation,and antiretroviral therapy adherence:A social cognitive approach[J].AIDS Care,2017,29(3):306-310.

[20] Lauren MH,Carol EG,Nisha CG,et al.Drug use mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and adherence to ART among recently incarcerated people living with HIV[J].AIDS and Behavior,2019,23(8):2037-2047.

[21] Jun T,Han-Zhu Q,Aaron MK,et al.Effects of depression and anxiety on antiretroviral therapy adherence among newly diagnosed HIV-infected Chinese MSM[J].AIDS(London,England),2017,31(3):401-406.

[22] Fonsah JY,Njamnshi AK,Kouanfack C,et al.Adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART) in Yaoundé-Cameroon:Association with opportunistic infections,depression,ART regimen and side effects[J].PloS One,2017,12(1):e170 893.

[23] Altice F,Evuarherhe O,Shina S,et al.Adherence to HIV treatment regimens:Systematic literature review and meta-analysis[J].Patient Preference and Adherence,2019(13):475-490.

[24] Spreen W,Williams P,Margolis D,et al.Pharmacokinetics,safety,and tolerability with repeat doses of GSK1265744 and rilpivirine(TMC278)long-acting nanosuspensions in healthy adults[J].Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes(1999),2014,67(5):487-492.

[25] Jessica EH,Lora SK,Rivet A,et al.Improving antiretroviral therapy adherence in resource-limited settings at scale:A discussion of interventions and recommendations[J].Journal of the International AIDS Society,2017,20(1):21 371.

[26] Mukumbang FC,Van Wyk B,Van Belle S,et al.A realist theory-testing case study of the antiretroviral treatment adherence club,South Africa[J].Southern African Journal of HIV medicine,2019,20(1):922.

[27] Tarisai B,Primrose N,Jessica FM,et al.Cultural adaptation of a cognitive-behavioural intervention to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe:Nzira Itsva[J].Journal of Health Psychology,2017,22(10):1265-1276.

[28] Coppock D,Zambo D,Moyo D,et al.Development and usability of a smartphone application for tracking antiretroviral medication refill data for human immunodeficiency virus[J].Methods of Information in Medicine,2017, 56(5):351-359.

[29] Norma CW,Emily EP,Melanie T,et al.The meanings in the messages:How SMS reminders and real-time adherence monitoring improve antiretroviral therapy adherence in rural Uganda[J].AIDS(London,England),2016,30(8):1287-1294.

[30] 錢云妹,王侶珍.利用QQ平臺(tái)對(duì)艾滋病病毒感染者及患者的干預(yù)效果分析[J].中國(guó)臨床護(hù)理,2017,9(5):434-436.

[31] Jeffrey IC,Nir E,Angella M,et al.Ethical questions in medical electronic adherence monitoring[J].Journal of General Internal Medicine,2016,31(3):338-342.

[32] Nicolette NB,Peter E,Barbara A,et al.Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care for adolescents living with HIV from 10 districts in Uganda[J].BMC infectious diseases,2015(15):520.

[33] Michael AH,Leo BH,William JT,et al.Determination of optimized multidisciplinary care team for maximal antiretroviral therapy adherence[J].Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes(1999),2012,60(2):183-190.

[34] Connie TK,Esmé J,Sebenzile N,et al.Social support and the mediating roles of alcohol use and adherence self-efficacy on antiretroviral therapy(ART)adherence among ART recipients in Gauteng,South Africa[J].AIDS and Behavior,2017,21(7):1846-1856.

[35] Awoke ST,Principal N,Temesgen Z.Factors affecting first month adherence due to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults at Felege Hiwot teaching and specialized hospital,north-western Ethiopia:A prospective study[J].BMC Infectious Diseases,2018,18(1):83.

[36] Obinna IE,Maureen UA,Stephen OK,et al.Conditional economic incentives and motivational interviewing to improve adolescents′ retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Southeast Nigeria:Study protocol for a cluster randomised trial[J].Trials,2018,19(1):710.

[37] Wafaa ME,Deborah D,Geetha B,et al.Financial incentives for linkage to care and viral suppression among HIV-positive patients:A randomized clinical trial(HPTN 065)[J].JAMA Internal Medicine,2017,177(8):1083-1092.

[38] Stephanie LC,Emmett RH,Leigh AB,et al.HIV testing and ART adherence among unstably housed black men who have sex with men in the United States[J].AIDS and Behavior,2019,23(11):3044-3051.

[39] Yuchen M,Shan Q,Xiaoming L,et al.Depression,social support,and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Guangxi,China:A longitudinal study[J].AIDS Education and Prevention:Official Publication of the International Society for AIDS Education,2019,31(1):38-50.

[40] Anne K,Michael P,Todd CL,et al.Real-world health plan data analysis:Key trends in medication adherence and overall costs in patients with HIV[J]Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy,2019,25(1):88-93.

[41] Adejumo OA,Malee KM,Ryscavage P,et al.Contemporary issues on the epidemiology and antiretroviral adherence of HIV-infected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa:A narrative review[J].J Int AIDS Soc,2015(18):20049.

[42] Guangyu Z,Xiaoming L,Shan Q,et al.Influence of side effects on ART adherence among PLWH in China:The moderator role of ART-related knowledge[J].AIDS and Behavior,2018,22(3):961-970.

(收稿日期:2020-08-11)

猜你喜歡
改善方法依從性影響因素
品管圈在提高手衛(wèi)生依從性改善中的作用
關(guān)于事業(yè)單位人力資源管理的建議
農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)需求影響因素分析
村級(jí)發(fā)展互助資金組織的運(yùn)行效率研究
基于系統(tǒng)論的煤層瓦斯壓力測(cè)定影響因素分析
企業(yè)文化對(duì)交通工程施工企業(yè)的影響
提高手衛(wèi)生依從性并改善感染控制指標(biāo)的一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)
腦卒中患者康復(fù)治療依從性研究進(jìn)展
什么是手衛(wèi)生依從性
崇文区| 历史| 达日县| 二连浩特市| 宜都市| 体育| 枣阳市| 梅河口市| 大荔县| 永嘉县| 县级市| 泰州市| 西昌市| 历史| 泽州县| 太仆寺旗| 清丰县| 冷水江市| 醴陵市| 苍山县| 宝应县| 宽甸| 水富县| 施甸县| 龙口市| 阿坝| 潍坊市| 正宁县| 阳谷县| 周至县| 宁海县| 垫江县| 无锡市| 崇阳县| 综艺| 三河市| 南漳县| 万源市| 合江县| 沙坪坝区| 沈丘县|