陳延軍 張智韜 仵杰
摘? ?要:巖石電各向異性以電導(dǎo)率張量表征,實驗室中多采用四極法與六極法測得巖石電導(dǎo)率,但難以一次實驗完全獲得電導(dǎo)率張量的9個分量,若多次實驗易造成較大的測量誤差.為此本文基于文獻研究成果,針對方樣巖芯設(shè)計電導(dǎo)率張量測量儀,該方案也適用于柱塞巖芯.通過氮氣驅(qū)替完全水飽的巖芯,溫控系統(tǒng)和圍壓控制系統(tǒng)控制巖芯夾持器內(nèi)部的溫度和壓力,可運用上位機控制電極測量不同含水飽和度時巖芯電導(dǎo)率張量的9個分量.該儀器亦可用于柱塞巖芯的巖電實驗,通過測得的電導(dǎo)率數(shù)據(jù),確定阿爾奇公式的未知系數(shù). 通過理論與實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析,驗證了該電導(dǎo)率張量測量儀設(shè)計方案的可行性.
關(guān)鍵詞:電各向異性;電導(dǎo)率張量;阿爾奇公式;電阻率指數(shù)
Abstract:The electrical anisotropy of rock is characterized by conductivity tensor. The four-pole method and six-pole method are mostly used to measure rock conductivity in the laboratory,but it is difficult to fill the nine components of conductivity tensor in one experiment. And multiple experiments are easy to cause large measurement errors. For this reason,based on the existing document,this paper designs a conductivity tensor measuring instrument for square sample cores. This solution is also suitable for plunger cores. The completely water-saturated core is replaced by nitrogen. The temperature control system and the confining pressure control system control the temperature and pressure inside the core holder. The upper computer control electrode can be used to measure the core conductivity tensor at different water saturations. The instrument can also be used for rock electrical experiments of plunger cores. Through the measured conductivity data,the unknown coefficients of Archies formula can be determined. Through the analysis on theoretical and experimental data,the feasibility of the design scheme of the conductivity tensor measuring instrument is verified.
Key words:electrical anisotropy;conductivity tensor;Archie formula;resistivity index
巖石物理參數(shù)測量是巖石物理學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容,也是測井學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ).針對不同油田巖芯巖性、物性、含水性不同的特點,用巖電實驗進行地層巖電機理分析研究,對各儲層參數(shù)變化規(guī)律進行探討,確定不同含水礦化度下巖石電阻率變化以及阿爾奇公式參數(shù)變化規(guī)律,可以提高解釋精度并且對水飽模型優(yōu)選及參數(shù)的正確選取提供理論依據(jù)[1-8]. 一般的測量儀工作頻率為幾赫茲到1兆赫茲,在不同儲層環(huán)境下,可測量巖芯的電導(dǎo)率、介電常數(shù)、流體飽和度和巖芯結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù).現(xiàn)有的電阻率測量儀器中,Noureddine等人[9-10]利用敏感交流電橋中的搜索線圈、采用沖擊的方法測定巖芯的電阻率;童小龍等人[11]、陳興生等人[12]通過電化學(xué)理論結(jié)合復(fù)電阻率實驗測量高濃度溶液含量巖芯的電阻率; Blackham等人[13] 用雷達探測儀結(jié)合雙端阻抗分析儀和四端阻抗分析儀測量不同流體飽和度下的電阻率[14-16],以上文獻所涉及到的儀器均未能一次性獲取電導(dǎo)率的9個分量.
目前實驗室同時測得電導(dǎo)率張量9個分量的儀器尚不存在,本文針對這一情況設(shè)計的電導(dǎo)率張量測量儀適用于特定條件下的低頻段測量,對3對電極進行控制,測得9個方向的電導(dǎo)率張量. 相比其他儀器須通過反復(fù)調(diào)整巖芯測量不同方向的電導(dǎo)率張量,本儀器可以一次固定巖芯同時測得電導(dǎo)率張量的9個分量,大幅度提高測量效率與精確度.利用該電導(dǎo)率張量儀,首先測量用以標定的各向同性方樣巖芯的9個分量電導(dǎo)率,然后測量具有傾斜夾層各向異性方樣巖芯的電導(dǎo)率張量,均驗證該儀器設(shè)計方案的可行性與儀器性能的魯棒性.通過測量采自伊通盆地某區(qū)域柱塞巖芯zz方向的電導(dǎo)率σzz,確定阿爾奇公式的系數(shù)a、b、m、n,其結(jié)果與油田數(shù)據(jù)基本吻合.
1? ?電導(dǎo)率張量測量原理
1.1? ?巖芯電各向異性的表征
對于邊長為Δx、Δy、Δz的方樣巖芯,如圖1所示,分別在x、y、z三個方向施加電壓ΔV,利用不同方向測得的電流I,得到電導(dǎo)率張量的9個分量為
1.2? ?巖芯電各向異性的測量
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