高潔
命題趨勢
在近五年中考題中,對祈使句的考查在單項選擇等題型中有所體現(xiàn),側(cè)重考查考生的綜合運用能力。
中考考查重點
1.否定的祈使句;
2.以let開頭的祈使句;
3.祈使句與簡單句、復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換;
4.祈使句的應(yīng)答語。
考向一:祈使句的基本用法
祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議或勸告等的句子,常省略主語,謂語動詞用原形。
1.肯定的祈使句
①句型:動詞原形+其他成分。
Be careful!小心!
②“Do+祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請求,do起強調(diào)作用。
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣,但please用在句末時,必須用逗號與其余部分隔開。
Close the door, please.
請關(guān)門。
2.否定的祈使句
①常用句型:Don't+動詞原形+其他成分。
Don't be late for school again!別再遲到了!
②用Never開頭:Never+動詞原形+其他成分。
Never leave today's work for tomorrow!
不要把今天的工作留到明天!
3.Let引導(dǎo)的祈使句
以Let開頭的句子也是祈使句,表示陳述和建議。其否定形式有兩種:Let...not或Don't...。
Let us not be late.
讓我們不要遲到。
Don't let the boy play football in the street.
不要讓這個男孩在街上踢足球。
?典型
1. -Mark, please don't play basketball on the road. It's very dangerous.
-________. I am going home at once.
A. Have a great time??? B. Sorry, I won't do that
C. I'd like to??? D. OK, with pleasure
【答案】B
【解析】對今后不要做某事的命令或請求表示接受時,回答要用否定的將來時。
2.________ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there.
A. Not??? B. Not too??? C. Don't??? D. Don't to
【答案】C
【解析】祈使句的否定形式是在句子前面加don't,故選C。
3. -Look at the sign, what does it mean?
-It means “________”.
A. Don't talking??? B. No talking??? C. Not talk
【答案】B
【解析】表示“不要說話”可以使用Don't talk,或No talking.兩種形式,
故選B。
考向二:祈使句與簡單句、復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
1. “Let's+動詞原形+其他”可轉(zhuǎn)換為“Shall we+動詞原形+其他?”。
Let's go fishing this afternoon.=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?
2.“祈使句+and/or+簡單句”可轉(zhuǎn)換為含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。
Use your head, and you'll find a way.=If you use your head, you'll find a way.
Hurry up, or well be late.=If we don't hurry up, well be late.
?典型
1.________ a dairy every day and youll improve your writing.
A. Keeping??? B. To keep??? C. Keep??? D. If you keep
【答案】C
【解析】句意:每天記日記,那么你將會提高你的寫作水平。祈使句(動詞原形居首)+and you will...意為“做……,你就會……”。故選C。
考向三:祈使句的應(yīng)答語
1.以Let's開頭的祈使句,其答語常用Good idea./OK./Yes, I'd love to.等。
-Let's go to the park.
我們?nèi)ス珗@吧。
-Good idea.
好主意。
2.其他肯定祈使句的應(yīng)答語為Yes, I will.;否定祈使句的應(yīng)答語為Sorry/No, I won't (do it again).。
-Its going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you.
就要下雨了。記著帶上雨傘。
-Thanks, I will.
謝謝,我會的。
-Don't play with my cat.
不要和我的貓玩。
-Sorry, I won't do it again.
對不起,我不會那樣做了。
?典型
1. -Wish you good luck in the entrance exam.
-________. The same to you.
A. Thank you??? B. See you??? C. I'm sorry to hear that
【答案】A
【解析】對別人的美好祝愿應(yīng)表示感謝。故選A。
方法技巧
祈使句用法口訣
祈使句,無主語,動詞開頭就可以。
表示請求或命令,加上please表客氣。
要想變成否定句,Don't開頭別忘記。
練習(xí)
(??? )1.________ here quickly, Alice. I have something exciting to tell you.
A. Coming??? B. Comes??? C. Come??? D. To come
(??? )2.—I'm worried about my English.
—________ harder, ________ you will catch up with your classmates.
A. Working; and??? B. To work; or??? C. Work; and??? D. Worked; or
(??? )3. Don't ________ late for class.
A. being??? B. be??? C. to be??? D. is
(??? )4. Please ________ fruits and vegetables in a basin!
A. wash??? B. washing??? C. to wash??? D. washed
(??? )5. Tony, ________ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street.
A. don't??? B. doesn't??? C. won't??? D. can't
(??? )6. “Tom, ________ rubbish into the river. You're polluting it.” said Mrs White.
A. not throw??? B. don't throw??? C. not to throw??? D. never to throw
(??? )7.________ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not??? B. Won't??? C. Don't??? D. Doesn't
(??? )8. ―________listen to music in class.
—Sorry, I won't do it again.
A. Let's??? B. Don't??? C. Please??? D. Why not
【答案詳析】
1.C【解析】句意:快來這里,愛麗絲。我有激動人心的事要告訴你。祈使句有肯定祈使句和否定祈使句,肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭,否定祈使句以don't+動詞原形開頭,結(jié)合句意和語境可知選C。
2.C【解析】句意:——我擔(dān)心我的英語?!W(xué)習(xí)吧,你會趕上你同學(xué)的?!捌硎咕?and+陳述句”表示遞進(jìn),做了前面的事,就會有后面的結(jié)果;“祈使句+or+陳述句”表示轉(zhuǎn)折,做了(不做)前面的事,就不會有后面的結(jié)果。故選C。
3.B【解析】句意:上課不要遲到。此題考查祈使句,祈使句是以動詞原形開頭,否定句在前面加don't,所以應(yīng)選B。
4.A【解析】句意:請在一個盆里洗蔬菜和水果。本題是祈使句,以動詞原形開頭。故選A。
5.A【解析】句意:托尼,當(dāng)你走在街上的時候不要玩手機(jī)。don't不要;doesn't用于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的時候;won't不會,是will not的縮寫;can't不能,不會。這是一個祈使句,托尼并不是句子的主語,而且是否定的祈使句,故在句首應(yīng)該用don't,選A。
6.B【解析】句意:“湯姆,不要向河里扔垃圾。你在污染它。”懷特夫人說。根據(jù)句意及題干分析可知此題應(yīng)用祈使句,其否定句是在動詞原形前加don't,故選B。
7.C【解析】句意:交通信號燈轉(zhuǎn)綠前不要穿過公路。這是一個祈使句,祈使句的否定形式是在句首加don't,故選C。
8.B【解析】本題考查祈使句的否定形式。句意:——不要在課堂上聽音樂?!獙Σ黄?,我不會再這么做。根據(jù)答語可知上句是否定的祈使句,故選B。