王新宙 賈艷靜
【摘要】 目的 探討初診急性心肌梗死患者血清N末端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)及D-二聚體(D-Dimer)水平與預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法 選取80例初診急性心肌梗死患者作為觀察組, 同時(shí)選擇同期的80例體檢健康者作為健康對照組。比較兩組受試者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平, 觀察組不同心功能分級患者、不同冠狀動(dòng)脈造影情況患者、是否發(fā)生心血管事件患者、死亡與存活患者的D-Dimer、NT-pro?BNP水平。結(jié)果 觀察組患者D-Dimer為(513.72±55.67)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2749.62±449.51)ng/L均高于健康對照組的(127.67±32.43)mg/ml、NT-proBNP(462.36±134.57)ng/L, 兩組數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)均符合正態(tài)分布, 且方差齊, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組Ⅰ級患者D-Dimer水平(512.73±11.47)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2217.16±317.52)ng/L, 均最低;Ⅳ級患者D-Dimer(579.31±26.42)mg/ml、NT-proBNP(2752.27±367.42)ng/L, 均最高。隨著心功能分級的增加, 患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平也隨之增高, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組冠狀動(dòng)脈單支病變患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平最低, 分別為(473.61±16.72)mg/ml、(2181.73±289.39)ng/L, 冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平最高, 分別為(576.65±26.57)mg/ml、(2779.32±396.43)ng/L, 隨著患者患病支數(shù)增加, 患者的D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平越高, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組未發(fā)生心血管事件的患者D-Dimer為(426.57±31.12)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2153.31±416.27)ng/L均低于發(fā)生心血管事件患者的(562.71±51.53)mg/ml、(2799.87±452.13)ng/L, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組死亡患者D-Dimer為(962.71±142.61)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(9239.21±1452.47)ng/L均高于存活患者的(502.56±97.72) mg/ml、(2353.31±506.97)ng/L, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 D-Dimer與NT-proBNP在急性心肌梗死患者的診斷中有著良性的指導(dǎo)作用, 隨著患者疾病程度的加重, D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平也在隨之升高, 同時(shí)患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平越高, 患者的預(yù)后也就越差, 在臨床中對于D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平應(yīng)引起重視。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 急性心肌梗死;N末端腦鈉肽前體;D-二聚體;預(yù)后
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.31.003
Study on the correlation between serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and D-Dimer levels and prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed acute myocardial infarction? ?WANG Xin-zhou, JIA Yan-jing. Linfen Vocational and Technical College, Linfen 041000, China
【Abstract】 Objective? ?To discuss the correlation between serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and D-Dimer levels and prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed acute myocardial infarction. Methods? ?There were 80 patients with newly diagnosed acute myocardial infarction selected as the observation group, and 80 healthy subjects during the same period as the healthy control group. Comparison was made on levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP between the two groups, the levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP in patients with different cardiac function classifications, patients with different coronary angiography conditions, patients with cardiovascular events, death and surviving patients in the observation group. Results? ?D-Dimer (513.72±55.67) mg/ml and NT-proBNP (2759.62±449.51) ng/L of the observation group were higher than (127.67±32.43) mg/ml and (462.36±134.57) ng/L of healthy control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the observation group, the levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP in grade Ⅰ patients were (512.73±11.47) mg/ml and (2217.16±317.52) ng/L, which were the lowest; D-Dimer level and NT-proBNP level of grade Ⅳ patients were (579.31±26.42) mg/ml and (2742.27±367.42) ng/L, which were the highest. With the increase of cardiac function classification, the levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP were also increased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In the observation group, the levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP in patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease were the lowest, which were (473.61±16.72) mg/ml?and (2181.73±289.39) ng/L, respectively. The levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP in patients with three-vessel?coronary artery disease were the highest, which were (576.65±26.57) mg/ml and (2779.32±396.43) ng/L,?respectively. With the increase of the number of diseased vessel, the higher the level of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the observation group, D-Dimer and NT-proBNP of patients without cardiovascular events were (426.57±31.12) mg/ml and (2153.31±416.27) ng/L, which were lower than those of patients with cardiovascular events (562.71±51.53) mg/ml, (2799.87±452.13) ng/L,?and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); D-Dimer (962.71±142.61) mg/ml and NT-proBNP (9239.21±1452.47) ng/L of dead patients were higher than those of surviving patients (502.56±97.72) mg/ml and (2353.31±506.97) ng/L, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion? ?D-Dimer and NT-proBNP have a benign guiding role in the diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. With the aggravation of the disease, the levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP are also increasing. At the same time, the higher the level of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP, the worse the prognosis of patients. Attention should be paid to the levels of D-Dimer and NT-proBNP in clinical practice.
【Key words】 Acute myocardial infarction; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; D-Dimer; Prognosis
急性心肌梗死是臨床常見的心內(nèi)科急危重疾病[1]?,F(xiàn)階段急性心肌梗死的診斷多憑借肌鈣蛋白的升高與心電圖的改變來確定, 所以如何提高急性心肌梗死患者的診斷效率, 同時(shí)對患者預(yù)后情況的評估成為現(xiàn)階段的研究重點(diǎn)[2]。為了探討初診急性心肌梗死患者血清N末端腦鈉肽及D-二聚體水平與預(yù)后的關(guān)系, 作者選取本院2019年2月~2020年2月門診收治的80例初診急性心肌梗死患者, 同時(shí)選擇同期的健康體檢者80例, 進(jìn)行臨床觀察, 現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取本院2019年2月~2020年2月門診收治的80例初診急性心肌梗死患者作為觀察組, 同時(shí)選擇同期的80例體檢健康者作為健康對照組。觀察組中男42例, 女38例;平均年齡(57.57±12.86)歲;單支病變27例, 雙支病變29例, 三支病變24例;心功能分級:Ⅰ級23例, Ⅱ級26例, Ⅲ級15例, Ⅳ級16例。健康對照組中男40例, 女40例;平均年齡(58.03±13.12)歲。兩組一般資料比較, 差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05), 具有可比性。所有研究對象及家屬均同意參加本次研究且經(jīng)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1. 2 方法 所有患者在入院后空腹?fàn)顟B(tài)下采取靜脈血液, 健康體檢者與門診直接采集, 4℃的溫度條件下靜止放置1 h, 轉(zhuǎn)速為3000 r/min離心15 min, 收集上層血清, NT-proBNP水平采用全自動(dòng)電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀(Thermo Fisher Scientific)進(jìn)行檢測, 陽性參考值為≥2000 ng/L。D-Dimer采用免疫熒光法檢測, 陽性參考值為≥200 mg/ml[3]。
1. 3 觀察指標(biāo) 比較兩組受試者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平, 觀察組不同心功能分級患者、不同冠狀動(dòng)脈造影情況患者、是否發(fā)生心血管事件患者、死亡與存活患者的D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平。
1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件處理數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2. 1 兩組受試者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平比較 觀察組患者D-Dimer為(513.72±55.67)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2749.62±449.51)ng/L均高于健康對照組的(127.67±32.43)mg/ml、NT-proBNP(462.36±134.57)ng/L, 兩組數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)均符合正態(tài)分布, 且方差齊, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2. 2 觀察組不同心功能分級患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平比較 Ⅰ級患者D-Dimer水平(512.73±11.47)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2217.16±317.52)ng/L, 均最低;Ⅳ級患者D-Dimer(579.31±26.42) mg/ml、NT-proBNP(2752.27±367.42)ng/L, 均最高。隨著心功能分級的增加, 患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平也隨之增高, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2. 3 觀察組不同冠狀動(dòng)脈造影情況患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平比較 冠狀動(dòng)脈單支病變患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平最低, 分別為(473.61±16.72)mg/ml、(2181.73±289.39)ng/L, 冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平最高, 分別為(576.65±26.57)mg/ml、(2779.32±396.43)ng/L, 隨著患者患病支數(shù)增加, 患者的D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平越高, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2. 4 觀察組是否發(fā)生心血管事件患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平比較 未發(fā)生心血管事件的患者有68例,D-Dimer為(426.57±31.12)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2153.31±416.27)ng/L, 發(fā)生心血管事件患者有12例,?D-Dimer為(562.71±51.53)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2799.87±452.13)ng/L, 發(fā)生心血管事件患者的D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平均明顯高于未發(fā)生心血管事件的患者, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
2. 5 觀察組死亡與存活患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平比較 死亡患者有4例, D-Dimer為(962.71±142.61)mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(9239.21±1452.47)ng/L;存活患者有76例, D-Dimer為(502.56±97.72) mg/ml、NT-proBNP為(2353.31±506.97)ng/L, 死亡患者的D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平明顯高于存活患者, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
3 討論
急性心肌梗死是臨床中致殘率高, 致死率高的急危重疾病。D-Dimer是纖維蛋白的降解產(chǎn)物, 當(dāng)D-Dimer水平升高, 在臨床中多反映出體內(nèi)存在高凝狀態(tài)和繼發(fā)性的纖維蛋白溶解亢進(jìn), 臨床中D-Dimer的濃度多作為血栓性疾病的重要參考指標(biāo)[3]。本文研究結(jié)果提示, 觀察組患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP均高于健康對照組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組Ⅰ級患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平均最低;Ⅳ級患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平均最高。隨著心功能分級的增加, 患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平也隨之增高, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組冠狀動(dòng)脈單支病變患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平最低, 冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平最高, 隨著患者患病支數(shù)增加, 患者的D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平越高, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組未發(fā)生心血管事件的患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平均低于發(fā)生心血管事件患者, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組死亡患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP均高于存活患者, 差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說明了D-Dimer與NT-proBNP水平在急性心肌梗死患者的診斷中有著重要的參考作用, 對于患者的治療也有著重要的指導(dǎo)作用, 同時(shí)可以對急性心肌梗死患者的預(yù)后有著良性的指導(dǎo)作用。
郭建萍等[4]研究表明, 急性心肌梗死患者的D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平隨著疾病的嚴(yán)重程度增加, 這與本研究的結(jié)果相似, 說明了D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平在急性心肌梗死患者的診斷中有著良性的指導(dǎo)作用, 同時(shí)對于患者的預(yù)后情況也有著良性指導(dǎo)作用, 患者的血清指標(biāo)越高, 患者的疾病嚴(yán)重程度越高, 同時(shí)患者發(fā)生心血管疾病的概率就越高。溫宗玉等[5]研究表明, 在急性心肌梗死患者中, 患者的D-Dimer水平相對于健康組來說, 有著明顯的升高, 同時(shí)患者的D-Dimer水平越高, 患者死亡情況與心腦血管意外的發(fā)生情況就越高, 說明了D-Dimer在急性心肌梗死的診斷中有著良性的指導(dǎo)作用。宋冰等[6]研究表明, NT-proBNP的水平在診斷急性心肌梗死中有著重要的參考作用, 同時(shí)可以判斷患者預(yù)后情況。亦有多項(xiàng)研究表明, D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平對于急性心肌梗死的診斷有著重要的參考作用, 同時(shí)對于患者的預(yù)后情況有著重要的參考作用, D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平越高, 患者的預(yù)后情況就越差, 同時(shí)D-Dimer、NT-proBNP水平越高, 患者心血管意外的發(fā)生情況越高, 對患者的身心健康帶來了不利的影響, 所以對于D-Dimer、NT-pro?BNP水平應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫街匾暋?/p>
綜上所述, D-Dimer與NT-proBNP在急性心肌梗死患者的診斷中有著良性的指導(dǎo)作用, 隨著患者疾病程度的加重, D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平也在隨之升高, 同時(shí)患者D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平越高, 患者的預(yù)后也就越差, 在臨床中對于D-Dimer、NT-proBNP的水平應(yīng)引起重視。
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[收稿日期:2020-08-12]