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小麥白粉病菌分生孢子田間傳播的初步研究

2020-06-08 10:55劉偉趙亞男韓翠仙王奧霖袁軍海楊旭光范潔茹周益林
植物保護(hù) 2020年3期

劉偉 趙亞男 韓翠仙 王奧霖 袁軍海 楊旭光 范潔茹 周益林

摘要? 2015年度采用定容式孢子捕捉器對(duì)田間空氣中小麥白粉病菌分生孢子傳播的初步研究表明,在病害發(fā)生初期病菌分生孢子捕捉量比較低,但隨著菌源中心病害的逐漸加重,病菌分生孢子在距菌源中心20 m和40 m遠(yuǎn)處捕捉量隨之增大。線性弧度相關(guān)分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),距菌源中心北向20 m和40 m處的孢子捕捉量與風(fēng)向存在顯著正相關(guān)性;距菌源中心不同距離處的孢子捕捉量之間均存在極顯著正相關(guān)性,且在相同方向上,距菌源中心20 m處孢子捕捉量顯著高于40 m處孢子捕捉量。

關(guān)鍵詞? 小麥白粉病菌; 病菌孢子捕捉量; 病菌傳播梯度; 流行監(jiān)測(cè)

中圖分類號(hào):S 435.121.46

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018005

A preliminary study on the dispersal of aerial conidia of

Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici in wheat fields

LIU Wei1, ZHAO Yanan1,2, HAN Cuixian1,2, WANG Aolin1,

YUAN Junhai2, YANG Xuguang3, FAN Jieru1, ZHOU Yilin1

(1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection,

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. College of Agriculture and

Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;

3. Ningxia Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yinchuan 750002, China)

Abstract

The dispersal of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt) conidia in the air was preliminarily studied by Burkard volumetric spore sampler in 2015, showing that the captured number of pathogenic conidia was low during the early epidemic period of wheat powdery mildew, however, the number of Bgt spores captured from 20 m and 40 m away from the north or east of the pathogen source center increased along with disease epidemic development. The results of linear-circular correlation analysis showed that the number of Bgt spores captured from 20 m and 40 m away from the north of the pathogen source center was significantly and positively correlated with wind direction. The number of Bgt spores captured by each spore trap was significantly and positively correlated with each other, and in the same direction, the number of pathogen spores captured from 20 m away from the pathogen source center was significantly higher than that at 40 m.

Key words

Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici; captured number of pathogen spores; pathogen dispersal gradient; disease epidemic monitoring

小麥白粉病屬典型的多循環(huán)氣傳性真菌病害,病菌分生孢子隨氣流傳播是引起田間、鄰近區(qū)域甚至遠(yuǎn)距離寄主發(fā)病和流行的主要原因之一[12],因此,研究小麥生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)空氣中病菌孢子的傳播距離和傳播量,對(duì)于了解病害的田間傳播規(guī)律和指導(dǎo)制定田間防治策略具有重要意義。曾士邁通過(guò)分析小麥條銹病田塊內(nèi)、田塊間及區(qū)域間的菌源區(qū)菌量、傳播距離和著落區(qū)的發(fā)病程度,對(duì)小麥條銹病的近程、中程和遠(yuǎn)程傳播進(jìn)行了定量研究[34],建立了菌源量與傳播距離的關(guān)系模型。近年來(lái)基于病菌孢子捕捉器捕捉技術(shù)的不斷改進(jìn)和發(fā)展,已有不少利用病菌孢子捕捉技術(shù)來(lái)分析研究病菌孢子傳播距離和傳播量及其關(guān)系的研究報(bào)道[5]。例如Guo等利用Burkard定容式孢子捕捉器可以捕捉到距離接菌中心25 m處油菜黑脛病菌Leptosphaeria maculans的子囊孢子[6]。鑒于目前利用定容式孢子捕捉器定量研究小麥白粉病菌分生孢子傳播距離和傳播量關(guān)系的研究未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,本研究在利用定容式孢子捕捉器監(jiān)測(cè)田間空氣中小麥白粉病菌分生孢子動(dòng)態(tài)變化的基礎(chǔ)上[79],于2015年采用定容式孢子捕捉器,在水平方向上距菌源中心不同距離處進(jìn)行孢子捕捉,初步分析了不同方向和不同距離處孢子捕捉量之間以及孢子捕捉量與風(fēng)速、風(fēng)向、傳播距離的關(guān)系,此研究結(jié)果可為定量研究小麥白粉病田間傳播梯度規(guī)律奠定基礎(chǔ)。

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