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兩種胃腸吻合方式對(duì)胃癌Roux-en-Y重建效果影響

2020-11-16 01:54劉明哲馬貴亮齊宏

劉明哲 馬貴亮 齊宏

[摘要] 目的 對(duì)比分析胃后壁吻合和胃大彎側(cè)殘角吻合兩種胃腸吻合方式對(duì)腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)Roux-en-Y重建效果影響。方法 收集2015年6月—2018年9月在本院普外科行腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)并行Roux-en-Y重建病人234例臨床資料,按胃腸吻合位置不同分為胃后壁吻合組(觀察組,n=93)、胃大彎側(cè)殘角吻合組(對(duì)照組,n=141),隨訪1年,比較兩組病人臨床及隨訪資料。結(jié)果 兩組病人手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-1.87~-0.32,P>0.05),吻合口漏發(fā)生率、抗堿性反流能力等差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.00~0.70,P>0.05)。對(duì)照組胃癱發(fā)生率與觀察組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.98,P>0.05)。對(duì)照組胃癱嚴(yán)重程度高于觀察組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.02,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)Roux-en-Y重建時(shí),行胃后壁吻合雖不能減少胃癱發(fā)生,但對(duì)減輕胃癱的嚴(yán)重程度有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 腹腔鏡檢查;胃切除術(shù);吻合術(shù),Roux-en-Y;胃腸吻合術(shù)

[中圖分類號(hào)] R656.6+1 ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A ?[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2020)06-0696-04

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.134 [開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]

[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200706.1658.002.html;

[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the effect of posterior gastric wall anastomosis versus gastric greater curvature residual angle anastomosis on Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer. ?MethodsClinical data were collected from 234 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction in Department of General Surgery in our hospital from June 2015 to September 2018, and according to the site of gastrointestinal anastomosis, the patients were divided into posterior gastric wall anastomosis group (observation group with 93 patients) and gastric greater curvature residual angle anastomosis group (control group with 141 patients). All patients were followed up for 1 year, and the clinical and follow-up data were compared between the two groups. ?Results There were no significant differences in the operation-related indices between the two groups (Z=-1.87--0.32,P>0.05), and there were also no significant differences in the incidence rate of anastomotic leakage and the ability to resist alkaline reflux (χ2=0.00-0.70,P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of gastroparesis between the two groups (χ2=2.98,P>0.05), and the control group had significantly higher severity of gastroparesis than the observation group (Z=-2.02,P<0.05). ?Conclusion In Roux-en-Y reconstruction after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer, posterior gastric wall anastomosis can not reduce the development of gastroparesis and has obvious advantages in reducing the severity of gastroparesis.

[KEY WORDS] laparoscopy; gastrectomy; anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; gastroenterostomy

胃癌好發(fā)于胃竇、幽門處,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的根治性手術(shù)是其主要治療手段[1-2]。腹腔鏡用于治療局部進(jìn)展期胃癌的安全性和近、遠(yuǎn)期療效逐漸被眾多高質(zhì)量多中心臨床RCT研究所肯定[3-5]。在眾多胃癌根治術(shù)消化道重建方式中,Roux-en-Y重建因具有良好的抗堿性反流、受腫瘤位置影響小等優(yōu)勢(shì)[6-7],成為本科室腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)后最主要的消化道重建方式。又因胃腸吻合位置差異分為胃后壁吻合及胃大彎側(cè)殘角吻合兩種。目前,國內(nèi)比較不同胃腸吻合位置對(duì)Roux-en-Y重建效果影響的研究甚少。本文回顧性分析我院普外科行腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)并行Roux-en-Y重建病人的臨床資料,對(duì)比分析胃后壁吻合和胃大彎側(cè)殘角吻合兩種胃腸吻合方式對(duì)腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)Roux-en-Y重建的影響。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

回顧性分析2015年6月—2018年9月在本院普外科行腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)病人臨床資料。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)前診斷為胃竇、幽門處癌,并行腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù),未聯(lián)合臟器切除;②行Roux-en-Y消化道重建;③不合并其他惡性腫瘤。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①急診手術(shù);②未達(dá)到D2根治;③術(shù)后隨訪資料不完整(未在術(shù)后1年復(fù)查胃鏡、血生化檢查、胸腹部CT等)。共入組病人234例,根據(jù)胃腸吻合位置將病人分為觀察組(胃后壁吻合,n=91)、對(duì)照組(胃大彎側(cè)殘角吻合,n=143),兩組病人的性別、年齡、入院時(shí)體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、腫瘤長(zhǎng)徑、腫瘤pTNM分期(第 8 版AJCC 胃癌分期)等一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。

1.2 手術(shù)方法

所有入組病人均按日本胃癌學(xué)會(huì)(JGCA)《胃癌治療指南》第4版進(jìn)行了腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)+D2淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)。兩組病人除胃腸吻合部位不同外,其余操作一致。自Treiz韌帶起始部15~20 cm離斷空腸。觀察組:自殘胃置入管狀吻合器釘桿,自胃后壁距離殘端2~3 cm處穿出,行殘胃-遠(yuǎn)端空腸吻合(圖1);對(duì)照組:切開胃大彎側(cè)殘角置入吻合器抵釘座,遠(yuǎn)端空腸置入管狀吻合器釘槍,行殘胃-遠(yuǎn)端空腸端側(cè)吻合(圖2)。消化道重建: 距離胃腸吻合口40 cm處切開遠(yuǎn)端空腸,使用管狀吻合器自空腸近端行空腸端-側(cè)吻合。胃腸吻合采用直徑29 mm管狀吻合器進(jìn)行吻合,空腸-空腸端側(cè)吻合均采用24 mm管狀吻合器吻合。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)

觀察兩組病人的手術(shù)時(shí)間、淋巴結(jié)切除數(shù)目、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間、排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后胃管留置時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間等手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo),以及吻合口漏、術(shù)后胃癱、胃癱嚴(yán)重程度分級(jí)、膽汁反流、殘胃炎、反流性食管炎等手術(shù)近遠(yuǎn)期相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的情況。胃癱診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):存在胃潴留癥狀,但是經(jīng)一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)檢查無胃流出道機(jī)械梗阻;持續(xù)10 d行胃減壓,每天≥800 mL;無明顯酸堿、水電解質(zhì)紊亂;無引起胃癱的基礎(chǔ)疾病;無應(yīng)用影響平滑肌收縮藥物史[8]。胃癱程度分級(jí)參照胰腺術(shù)后胃癱分級(jí)方法[9],按術(shù)后留置胃管時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短將胃癱嚴(yán)重程度分為A、B、C等3級(jí)。A級(jí):診斷胃癱,在14 d內(nèi)可以拔除胃管并正常飲食;B級(jí):術(shù)后14~21 d拔除胃管并恢復(fù)正常飲食;C級(jí):術(shù)后21 d內(nèi)未能拔除胃管并恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定飲食。膽汁反流、殘胃炎、反流性食管炎等根據(jù)術(shù)后1年復(fù)查胃鏡檢查結(jié)果進(jìn)行診斷。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

采用SPSS 24.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。正態(tài)分布計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)用±s表示,數(shù)據(jù)組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);不符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料用中位數(shù)和四分位距表示,組間比較使用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比表示,數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用Pearson卡方檢驗(yàn)或連續(xù)校正的卡方檢驗(yàn);有序變量比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié) ?果

兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間、淋巴結(jié)切除數(shù)目、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間、排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后胃管留置時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間等比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組病人的吻合口漏發(fā)生率、膽汁反流發(fā)生率、殘胃炎發(fā)生率、反流性食管炎發(fā)生率等差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組的胃癱發(fā)生率(8.51%)與觀察組(2.12%)比較差異亦無顯著性(χ2=2.98,P>0.05);但兩組胃癱嚴(yán)重程度比較差異有顯著意義(Z=2.02,P<0.05),見表2、3。

3 討 ?論

遠(yuǎn)端胃手術(shù)破壞了消化道的連續(xù)性,術(shù)后重建至關(guān)重要。消化道重建的方式以BillrothⅠ式、BillrothⅡ式、Roux-en-Y式重建為主,各有優(yōu)劣[10]。其中Roux-en-Y重建被認(rèn)為是降低膽汁反流、殘胃炎、反流性食管炎發(fā)生率的最佳選擇[11-14]。既往研究中,國內(nèi)學(xué)者多關(guān)注根治術(shù)后消化道重建方式對(duì)病人的影響。但是,消化道重建中的細(xì)節(jié)也可能帶來不同的手術(shù)效果。

國外有研究顯示,在Roux-en-Y重建中胃腸吻合位置可能會(huì)影響吻合口后端的流出道角度,流出道迂曲則會(huì)阻礙胃的排空,而流出道越豎直,越有利于胃中食物在重力作用下的排空[15]。而食物的刺激將進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)胃腸功能的恢復(fù)。KHAN等[16]對(duì)胰十二指腸切除術(shù)胃-空腸重建的研究顯示,將胃-空腸吻合口穿過橫結(jié)腸系膜置于結(jié)腸下區(qū)來避開術(shù)區(qū),有效地減低了胃癱的發(fā)生率及嚴(yán)重程度,考慮可能與減少局部炎癥刺激,減輕吻合口水腫有關(guān)。局部炎癥的直接刺激,會(huì)引起吻合口水腫,進(jìn)而抑制胃的功能[17]。

就Roux-en-Y重建而言,胃-空腸吻合位置不同會(huì)導(dǎo)致吻合口的血供、吻合后流出道通暢程度、胃底與食管夾角的不同,進(jìn)而可能會(huì)對(duì)病人術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)、圍術(shù)期并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生、抗堿性反流能力等產(chǎn)生影響;其對(duì)胃壁組織及神經(jīng)的損傷程度也可能不同,胃的起搏區(qū)域位于胃體大彎側(cè),破壞起搏區(qū)域會(huì)引起慢波節(jié)律紊亂或消失[18],進(jìn)而影響胃的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

本文的研究結(jié)果顯示,腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)Roux-en-Y重建時(shí),胃后壁吻合和胃大彎側(cè)殘角吻合的術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目、術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間、排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后胃管留置時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間等差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,兩組病人膽汁反流、殘胃炎、反流性食管炎的發(fā)生率差異亦無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)Roux-en-Y重建術(shù)后1年時(shí)的膽汁反流發(fā)生率2.8%~9.0%,殘胃炎發(fā)生率28.0%~59.7%,反流性食管炎的發(fā)生率6.0%~14.0%[19-21]。本研究結(jié)果與其一致,提示胃后壁吻合對(duì)抗反流效果影響不大。對(duì)照組的胃癱發(fā)生率(8.51%)是觀察組(2.12%)的4倍,但兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;對(duì)照組胃癱嚴(yán)重程度顯著高于觀察組。究其原因如下。①對(duì)胃體起搏區(qū)域及吻合處血供損傷小。行胃后壁吻合時(shí),吻合口位于距離殘端約2 cm處,距胃起搏區(qū)域相對(duì)較遠(yuǎn),對(duì)胃體的起搏區(qū)域影響相對(duì)較小。而且避免了在同一位置的多次切割,對(duì)血供的影響相對(duì)較小,有利于減低吻合口漏發(fā)生率[22],也方便從胃殘端觀察吻合口有無出血情況[23]。②可能會(huì)減少吻合口附近炎癥直接刺激。既往研究認(rèn)為,根治術(shù)中可能會(huì)傷及胰腺被膜引起局部無菌性炎癥,直接刺激吻合口會(huì)引起吻合口水腫,進(jìn)而抑制胃腸活動(dòng)。而行胃后壁吻合較胃大彎側(cè)殘角吻合更加遠(yuǎn)離術(shù)區(qū),或許可以減少局部炎癥對(duì)吻合口的刺激,有利于胃生理功能的恢復(fù)。③胃后壁吻合可能有更大的機(jī)會(huì)獲得較為豎直的流出道,進(jìn)而降低了胃癱發(fā)生率及嚴(yán)重程度。具體情況需進(jìn)一步前瞻性研究來驗(yàn)證。

綜上所述,在腹腔鏡遠(yuǎn)端胃癌根治術(shù)Roux-en-Y重建時(shí),胃后壁吻合雖不能降低胃癱發(fā)生率,但對(duì)減輕胃癱的嚴(yán)重程度有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。

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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))

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