柴文文 楊桂榮 陳各才 王中陽
摘要:目的 探討二維斑點追蹤技術(shù)(STI)所測容積及應(yīng)變參數(shù)在評估急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者左心房功能中的作用。方法 選擇泰州市人民醫(yī)院2020年1月至2020年7月的部分患者行超聲檢查并計算其左房容積指數(shù)(LAVI),將32例AMI患者作為A組,34例心功能正常者作為B組,觀察上述患者左心房容積及應(yīng)變參數(shù)與患者心臟功能的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 與B組比較,A組患者左房內(nèi)徑(LAd)、左房最大容積(LAVmax)、左房最小容積(LAVmin)、左房收縮期前容積(LAVp)、LAVI均明顯升高, 左房被動排血分數(shù)(LAPEF)、左房主動排血分數(shù)(LAAEF)、左房總排血分數(shù)(LATEF)、左室射血分數(shù)(LVEF)、左房收縮期峰值應(yīng)變率(SRs)、左房舒張早期峰值應(yīng)變率(SRe)、左房舒張晚期峰值應(yīng)變率(SRa)、左房整體縱向變形(GLAS)均顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)?;颊週AVI與年齡、SRa呈正相關(guān)(r=0.380,0.539 ,P<0.05),與SRs、GLAS呈負相關(guān)(r=-0.413,-0.516 ,P<0.05),與SRe相關(guān)性不顯著(r=0.231 ,P>0.05)。結(jié)論 ?STI能檢測出AMI患者左房功能的改變,測得的LAVI、SRs、SRa、GLAS等參數(shù)能很好地評價患者左房功能。
關(guān)鍵詞:急性心肌梗死;斑點追蹤技術(shù);左心房;應(yīng)變
【中圖分類號】R541 ??【文獻標識碼】A ??【文章編號】1673-9026(2020)06-001-03
Evaluation of Left Atrial Function in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction by Speckle Tracking Technique
Chai Wenwen1,2,Yang Guirong1,Chen Gecai1,Wang Zhongyang1
1.Taizhou People's Hospital,Taizhou 225300,China
2.Graduate School of Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116000,China
Abstract:Objective Objective to investigate the role of left atrial volume and strain parameters measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking (STI) in evaluating left atrial function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods From January 2020 to July 2020,part of patients in Taizhou People's hospital were examined by echocardiography and their left atrial volume index (LAVI) was calculated. 32 patients with AMI were selected as group A and 34 patients with normal cardiac function were selected as group B. the correlation between left atrial volume and strain parameters and cardiac function was observed. Results Compared with group B,left atrial diameter (LAd),left atrial maximum volume (LAVmax),left atrial minimum volume (LAVmin),left atrial pre systolic volume (LAVp),left atrial passive ejection fraction (LAPEF),left atrial active ejection fraction (LAAEF),left atrial total ejection fraction (LATEF),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),left atrial ejection fraction (LATEF) were significantly increased in group A The peak systolic strain rate (SRs), left atrial early diastolic peak strain rate (SRe),left atrial late diastolic peak strain rate (SRa) and left atrial global longitudinal deformation (GLAS) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). LAVI in group A was significantly higher than that in group B,and the LAVI was positively correlated with age and SRa (r = 0.380, 0.539, P < 0.05),and negatively correlated with SRs and GLAS (r = -0.413,-0.516,P < 0.05),but not with SRe (r = 0.231,P > 0.05).Conclusion STI can accurately detect the changes of left atrial function in patients with AMI, and the measured parameters such as LAVI,SRs,SRa,GLAS can well evaluate the left atrial function of patients.
Key Words: Acute myocardial infarction;Speckle tracking technology;Left atrium;Strain
左室在代償狀態(tài)下AMI患者的左房功能已減退[1-2]。LVEF已被廣泛認為是心肌梗死后預(yù)后的主要預(yù)測指標,但AMI患者左房功能的減退往往早于其左室射血分數(shù)的改變 [3],這使得對AMI患者左房功能的研究顯得更為重要。本研究應(yīng)用STI測量左房容積、應(yīng)變等指標來反映患者左房功能及其與患者LAVI的相關(guān)性。
1資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
研究對象是2020年1月至2020年7月在我院行超聲檢查的部分患者,時限為患者入院7天內(nèi),測算其心臟超聲參數(shù)。將AMI患者32例及心功能正常者(無高血壓、糖尿病、心臟相關(guān)疾?。?4例分組為A、B組。A組中男21例,女11例,年齡(64.19±10.32)歲,體重(65. 08±10.27)kg,身高(165.16±8.01)cm;B組中男16例,女18例,年齡(61.18±8.26)歲,體重(60.41±9.17)kg,身高(163.88±7.54)cm。A組AMI的診斷經(jīng)心肌酶、心電圖及冠狀動脈造影等確診,排除已有心房顫動、中度以上瓣膜病、心肌病、阻塞性或限制性肺病的受試者。
1.2 方法
采用PHILIPS EPIQ7C型心臟超聲診斷儀,X5-1 探頭,被檢者均接上胸導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電圖,取左側(cè)臥位,在患者平穩(wěn)呼吸期間應(yīng)用常規(guī)二維超聲記錄三個連續(xù)的心動周期,留取其心尖四腔心及兩腔心動態(tài)圖像。最后應(yīng)用Echo Pac軟件脫機分析,應(yīng)用斑點追蹤技術(shù)分別在四腔心及兩腔心切面上手動描繪左房、左室內(nèi)膜曲線,系統(tǒng)自動勾劃感興趣區(qū),若追蹤不滿意則可手動調(diào)節(jié),系統(tǒng)自動得出相應(yīng)各節(jié)段的應(yīng)變曲線。在相應(yīng)圖像上測量并計算出平均LAd、LAVmax、LAVmin、LAVp、LVEF、SRs、SRe、SRa。處理數(shù)據(jù)得出LAVI及左房射血分數(shù)相關(guān)的數(shù)值。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 26.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,計量資料采用() 表示,均數(shù)比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗,相關(guān)性檢驗采用Pearson相關(guān)分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2. 1 患者超聲參數(shù)的比較
A組患者LAd、LAVmax、LAVmin、LAVp、LAVI水平顯著高于B組(P<0.05),LAPEF、LAAEF、LATEF、LVEF、SRs、SRe、SRa及GLAS水平顯著低于B組(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 LAVI與年齡、應(yīng)變力的相關(guān)性分析
LAVI與年齡、SRa分別存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.380,0.539 ,P<0.05),與SRs、GLAS分別存在負相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.413,-0.516 ,P<0.05),與SRe相關(guān)性不明顯(r=0.231 ,P>0.05)。見表2。
3討論
AMI患者的心肌僵硬度會不斷增加,使左室充盈壓逐漸升高,左房長期代償性增加做功刺激左房重構(gòu),降低了左房射血的能力[4]。左房擴張能縮短左房不應(yīng)期,增高心律失常發(fā)生的風險,左房室壁的牽拉擴張也使其對神經(jīng)激素的分泌增加,這均促進心臟不良事件出現(xiàn) [5]。左房容積及應(yīng)變的改變能反映AMI患者的左房擴張、左室充盈壓升高及左室舒張功能惡化[6-9]。Hsiao、Cameli等[10-11] 認為左房容積、應(yīng)變力分別能預(yù)測AMI患者預(yù)后及左室舒張壓升高。
本研究結(jié)果中,A組患者LAd、LAVmax、LAVmin、LAVp、LAVI水平顯著高于B組(P<0.05), LAPEF、LAAEF、LATEF、LVEF水平明顯低于B組(P<0.05),提示A組患者左房容積明顯增大,左房舒張及射血功能明顯減弱,表明A組患者左房重構(gòu)及功能減退更嚴重。SRs、SRe及SRa水平分別反映左房的儲存器、管道及輔助泵功能[12-13]。A組患者SRs、SRe、SRa及GLAS水平明顯低于B組 ( P < 0. 05),表明左房擴張重構(gòu)使AMI患者左房的儲蓄、管道、輔助泵功能嚴重受損甚至失代償。有研究表明[6],左房擴張及左室充盈量減低,會促進AMI患者出現(xiàn)心臟不良事件,這使得對左房功能的研究顯得更有價值。本研究中患者LAVI與年齡、SRa呈正相關(guān)(r=0.380,0.539 ,P<0.05),與SRs、GLAS呈負相關(guān)(r=-0.413,-0.516 ,P<0.05),與SRe相關(guān)性不顯著(r=0.231 ,P>0.05)。這表明隨著患者年齡的增大其左房收縮功能會降低,且左房容積的增大會伴隨其收縮應(yīng)變功能的減退,左房容積與應(yīng)變參數(shù)之間有較好的相關(guān)性。
4結(jié)論
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AMI患者左房功能顯著減退,其年齡、SRa、SRs、GLAS等超聲參數(shù)與LAVI有很強的相關(guān)性。STI受測量角度、混響、旁瓣和脫落偽影的影響較小[14],能相對精準地檢測出心肌功能的變化,可更準確地評估AMI患者的左房功能。
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作者簡介:
(1)第一作者:柴文文,女,漢,1994年1月生,湖省隨州人,研究生在讀,研究方向:影像醫(yī)學(xué)與核醫(yī)學(xué)心臟超聲方向。
(2)通訊作者:陳各才,男,漢,1979年12月生,江蘇泰州人,碩士,研究方向:心血管疾病治療及介入治療